The Eye of the Cyclone at the Fall of the XVIII^th Century:  The Ill-Fated Helvetic Republic (1798-1803)

By Dr. Gabriel Vital-Durand

Marching Orders of the Major Military Forces in 1799

French Army of Holland, under General Brune: Provide support to the newly formed Batavian Republic in the face of an Anglo-Russian expeditionary corps landed in Friesland under the Duke of York.

French Army of Helvetia, the Danube and the Rhine, under General Massena: Provide support to the newly formed Helvetian Republic in the face of the Austrian Army of Archduke Charles.

French Army of the Alps and Italy, under Generals Moreau, Macdonald, Joubert, Championnet (then Masséna from 1800): Hold the settlements of Liguria, Piedmont and Lombardy until rescue was available.

Anglo-Russian Army of Holland, under General-Duke of York: Crush Franco-Dutch forces, wipe out the Batavian Republic and aim at investing Paris.

Austrian Army of the Northern Alps, under Field-Marshal Archduke Charles: Contain the French Army in Southern Germany and Switzerland, then combine Austrian and Russian forces to invade France in Alsace.

Austro-Russian Army of the Alps, under Field-Marshal Suvorov: Conquer Lombardy and Northern Italy, thereby eliminating the French and their puppet-republics to have Austria regain its traditional influence in Italian affairs.

Placed on the Napoleon Series: January 2004

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