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Military Cross-Reference Index
There are numerous articles and papers that cover many different
aspects of the Napoleonic Campaigns and Battles. There are memoirs,
orders-of-battle, doctrine, and battlefield tours among others. There
are are so many, we decided to list only those that dealt with specific
battles and campaigns in this section. However, so that you can find
all related documents, we have developed a Military
Cross Reference Index. If you can not find the information you are
looking for in the list below, check our Index.
1793
Cinti, Maurizio
La Maddalena, 1793
La Maddalena, 22/25 February 1793. The baptism of fire for a young
Lieutenant Colonel, a certain Napoleone Di Buonaparte from Ajaccio.
Goetz, Robert
Catherine the Great’s Military
Contribution to the Struggle against France: 1793-1796
An overview of Russia's involvment in the Revolutionary Wars.
1794
Davis, Peter
French Cavalry Defeats Dutch Fleet?
Did the French cavalry really capture the ice-bound Dutch
fleet?
1796
Voykowitsch, Bernhard
Lonato 1796
Diving into the vast material of the Vienna Kriegsarchiv, Bernhard
Voykowitsch found the Austrian orders of battle and reports.
Vital-Duran, Gabriel
1796-1798 : Trois tentatives d’invasion françaises en Irlande
Three attempts by the French to invade Ireland (1796-1798)
1798
Holmberg, Tom
The Defense of Great Britain
A collection of primary source documents showing how the British
government prepared for a possible French invasion.
Millar, Stephen
French
Naval Order of Battle at Aboukir Bay (Battle of the Nile): 1-2 August
1798
The ships and their commanders.
Pappas, Dale
The Conflict for
Malta, 1798 – 1802
The struggle for Malta during the Napoleonic Wars.
Vovsi, Eman
The Power and Question of
Faith: Murad Bey’s Pros and Cons during
the French Invasion of Egypt, 1798-1801
The struggle for Egypt from a Mameluk's perspective.
1799
Acerbi, Enrico
The 1799 Campaign in Italy
A look at the forces, personalities, and battles of this pivotal
campaign in Napoleon's career.
Brier, Bob and Mary Mendenhall Wood
Napoleon in
Egypt: The Battle of Chobrakit
A little known, but important battle that preceded the battle of
the Pyramids.
Feinberg, Herb
North to Palestine:
Napoleon Marches Against the Turks
Bonaparte's campaign against the Ottoman Empire in Palestine.
Gichon, Mordechai
Jaffa, 1799
The siege of Jaffa.
Runyan, Cory
Napoleon in Egypt
Every now and then, in the study of history one will encounter an
episode so strange and unusual that it captures the attention and
the imagination. The Egyptian Campaign is one such example...
Vital-Durand, Gabriel
Seringhapatam: 4 mai 1799
The battle where the young future Duke of Wellington, beat the Sultan
Tippoo. In French.
The Eye of the
Cyclone at the Fall of the XVIII Century: The Ill-Fated Helvetic Republic
(1798-1803)
Note: This paper won an Honorable Mention in the Best General History
Category of the 2004 Napoleon Series Writing Contest!
A look at the battles in the Alps.
1800
Kiley, Kevin
La Garde a Feu! The Consular Guard
at Marengo
Did the Consular Guard turn and run at Marengo?
Scattolin, Roberto
Clash of Arms: Marengo, 14
June 1800
A brief overview of the battle.
van Uythoven, Geert.
About the March of the French Artillery
across the Alps: 1800
A contemporary account of how the French artillery was carried through
the Grand Saint Bernard Pass.
1801
Vital-Durand, Gabriel
Capitulation du général Menou:
31 août 1801
What happened in Egypt after Napoleon left. In French.
1804
Holmberg, Tom
Monson's Retreat: India,1804
Tom Holmberg shows that the Napoleonic Wars were truly a world war
in his article about a disastrous retreat during the the Second Anglo-Maratha
War in India.
Millar, Stephen
Seizing the Gold of Spain: the Action off
Cape
Santa Maria
British frigates intercept the Spanish gold fleet!
1805
Goetz, Robert
Russian Naval Forces in the Mediterranean: 1805-1809
Russian Land
Forces in the Adriatic: 1803-1807
A pair of articles dealing with the Russian presence in the Mediterranean.
Mikaberidze, Alexander
Report on Killed and Missing
in Action at the Battle of Austerlitz: 2 December 1805
These are figures based on the after-action reports of the Russian
commanders.
Report on the Losses of Russian
Artillery Units at the Battle of Austerlitz: 2 December 1805
These are figures based on the after-action reports of the Russian
artillery commanders.
A Few Notes
on the Russian Losses at Austerlitz
Information on Russian casualties and what happened to the thousands
of wounded left behind in French care.
Millar, Stephen
Russian-Austrian Order-of-Battle
at Austerlitz: 2 December 1805
A detailed order-of-battle down to regimental size units.
Miscellaneous Russian After-Action-Reports
Lieutenant
General Peter Bagration’s Report to General Mikhail Kutuzov on Actions
at Austerlitz
General
Buxhöwden’s Report to General Kutuzov on the Battle of Austerlitz
Lieutenant
General Miloradovich’s Report to General Kutuzov on the Battle of Austerlitz
Lieutenant
General Przhebishevsky’s Report on Actions of the 3rd Column during
the Battle of Austerlitz
Primary source material from the Russian State Archives. Translated
by Alexander Mikaberidze
Scattolin, Roberto
Popular Support and Military Inadequacy in the Transcaucasic Sphere of
Strategic Dominance: a 1805 Georgian Lamentation
The Russian - Persian War of 1805
1806
Auerstadt and Jena
Burnham, Robert
Marshal Davout's Orders leading
to the Battle of Auerstädt (In French)
Marshal Davout's Orders leading
to the Battle of Auerstädt (In English)
Although many marshals and generals of the Napoleonic Wars have
left memoirs of the events they participated in, they rarely include
actual sets of orders that they received that led up to these events.
The following are the orders Marshal Davout received from Imperial
Headquarters in the week prior to the battle and in some cases his
response to those orders.
Kiley, Kevin
Prussian Light Infantry
in the Jena Campaign
A look at why were the Prussians so deficient in their light infantry
arm during the 1806 campaign.
Millar, Stephen
Disposition
of Prussian Infantry Regiments for the 1806 Campaign
The Prussian Army
at Auerstadt: 14 October 1806
The Prussian-Saxon Army
at Jena: 14 October 1806
The Orders-of-Battle for the Prussian- Saxon forces at Auerstadt
and Jena.
The Golymin and Pultusk Campaign
Goetz, Robert
The next three articles won the 2002 Napoleon Series Writing Contest
"Best Military Paper Award"!
Action at Borkowo, 24 December
1806
Cavalry combat between French and Russian forces in the early stages
of the Campaign in Poland.
Action at Kolozab, 24 December
1806
The second of three actions in which the French sought to force
crossing of the Wkra River
Action at Sochocin, 24 December
1806
The third of three actions in which the French sought to force
crossing of the Wkra River
Greg Gorsuch
French
Order-of-Battle during the the Golymin and Pultusk Campaign
Detailed orders-of-battles for the French forces.
1807
Benningsen, Baron
Prelude to Eylau:
Benningsen's Report to the Czar
Original Document Translated by Greg Troubetzkoy
Baron Benningsen was the over-all Russian commander, and was expected
to make periodic reports to the Czar. Written a week before the battle
of Eylau, it shows the rather optimistic view of the Russian commander.
Davidov, Denis
The Battle of
Eylau
From Denis Davidov's Memoirs
Translated and introduced by Greg Troubetzkoy
The battle as seen through the eyes of a Russian officer.
Gorsuch, Greg (Translator)
Eylau: Precis Des Travaux de la
Grande Armée (In French)
Eylau: An Abstract of the Chronological
Exploits of the Grand Army (In English)
A reprint and translation of the 1807 book: "Precis Des Travaux de
la Grande Armee, Par Ordre de Dates; Avec un Expose des principaux
faits qui se sont passses pendant la glorieuse et memorable Campagne
de 1806 a 1807, depuis le depart de S. M. I. NAPOLEON-LE-GRAND, jusqu'a
la bataille d Eylau."
Holmberg, Tom
Danish Privateering: 1807-11
Denmark waged a war against American shipping in the North and Baltic
Seas, causing huge losses to the U.S. merchant fleet.
Hugo, A.
France Militaire.
Histoire des Armées Françaises de Terre et de Mer de 1792
à 1837:Chapter IV: Expédition du Portugal
Translated by Tim Mahon
First published in 1838, a look at the French invasion of Portugal
in 1807 - 1808.
Kiley, Kevin
Action Front! Senarmont
at Friedland
During the battle of Friedland, General Senarmont improvised
a new artillery tactic to crush the Russian forces to his front. This
artillery assault was one of the most aggressive artillery actions of
the Napoleonic Wars.
Megorsky, Boris V.
Rearguard Action Near Eylau: 7
February 1807
On 7th February 1807, the Russian Army was retreating from
the town of Landsberg to Preussisch-Eylau where the Commander-in-Chief,
General Bennigsen, decided to fight a decisive battle with Napoleon...
Mikaberidze, Alexander
Napoleon's Polish Campaign: General
Peter Bagration during January - February 1807
The role of Russian General Bagration during the Winter Campaign
of 1807
Millar, Stephen
Russian-Prussian Order-of-Battle
at Eylau: 8 February 1807
A detailed order-of-battle of the Russian and Prussian forces.
French Order of Battle for Friedland: 14 June 1807
A detailed order-of-battle of the French forces.
Spett, Stefan
Accidental Enemies: When the
Dutch Fought the Swedes in 1807
Marshal Mortier's VIII Corps invaded Swedish Pomerania in
January, 1807. The 2nd Dutch Hussars participated although a chevaux-leger
regiment did most of the fighting. During the blockade of Stralsund
in February-March a large area of Pomerania was nearly unoccupied and
was not asked to make contributions. On 1 April, the Swedes made a breakout.
The fighting was not very bloody, but it was noisy.
Spett, Stefan
The Forgotten Debacle: Dänholmen
Island, Swedish Pomerania August 1807
How the little island of Dänholmen guarding the harbour
of Stralsund was transformed into the outpost of the Swedish Army.
1808
Centeno, João
Portuguese Army Actions:
1808
Combats, sieges, and battles that the Portuguese Army fought in.
Cueto, Dionisio Álvarez
The British Army during
the Retreat to Corunna in 1808: The Artwork of Dionisio Álvarez Cueto
Paintings by a Spanish artist who lives in Madrid.
Frilund, G.
The Russo-Swedish War of 1808-1809
In 1807 Tsar Alexander and Napoleon signed the treaty of Tilsit,
dividing Europe between themselves. The Russians were promised free
hands with Sweden, who was at war with France at the time. The Tsar
immediately started building up invasion forces at the Russo-Swedish
border...
Frilund, G.
The Union's Last War: The Russian-Swedish
War of 1808-09
Without declaring war on Sweden, Russian troops crossed the
border to Finland on February 21, 1808. That day, a Sunday, Swedish
Major Gustav Arnkihl, of the Nyland Dragoons - who was posted at the
border - signed a report to the brigade command. "...that the Russians
have crossed the border at 5 o'clock today, with a considerable force..."
The union's last war had begun.
Hadaway, S.
Rolica: A Most Important Affair
A detailed look at Wellington's first battle in the Peninsula War.
Mahon, Tim (Translator)
Recollections of capitaine de frégate Pierre Baste
Note: This paper won an Honorable Mention in the Best
Publication and/or Translation into English of New Archival Material or Books
Long Out of Print Category of the 2006 Napoleon Series Writing
Contest!
An eyewitness account of the early days of the French invasion of
Spain, including a detailed description of Bailen.
McGuigan, R.
The British Army in Portugal and
Spain: Its Order-of-Battle (June 1808 - April 1809)
The British expeditionary force that was sent to the Iberian Peninsula
underwent numerous changes in its organization in its first year there.
Ron McGuigan has done a superb job tracking all of the changes in
the order-of-battle!
Morillon, Paul
Capri, Octobre 1808: Opération
amphibie et "commandos" de l'Empereur
During the Napoleonic Wars, there were numerous raids and attacks
by British forces on French held islands in the Mediterranean Sea.
This piece, written in French, provides detailed information on the
attack on Capri and includes orders-of-battle and numerous black and
white illustrations of the uniforms of the participants.
Sandoval, Juan A. Patrón
The
Capitulation of Bailén according to an Eyewitness
of the Battle
La
Capitulación de Bailén Según
un Testigo Presencial de la Batalla (In Spanish)
An eyewitness accountof the battle of Bailén.
Scattolin, Roberto
The Inheritance of History: Ethics, Warfare, and the Bando of
Móstoles in 1808 Spain
A look at some of the factors in the Spanish popular uprising in
1808.
Sorando Muzás, Luis
Trophies of the Battle
of Bailen (Jaén) (19 July 1808)
Trofeos
de la Batalla de Bailen (Jaén), (19 Julio 1808) (In Spanish)
What happened to trophies captured by the Spanish at Bailen.
Spatt, Stefan
Four Actions in Finland during the
Russian-Swedish War of 1808-09
Four actions in 1808 in Finland.
A Vicious Combat in the
Norwegian Woods: 1808
A look at the little known Swedish invasion of Norway.
1809
Bamford, Andrew
The Corps of Embodied Detachments, 1809
A little known unit of the British Army during the Walcheren Expedition.
Bamford, Andrew
The
Guadiana Fever Epidemic
The epidemic that devastated the British Army in 1809.
Burnham, Robert
British Battalions of Detachments
in 1809
Examines the role of two little known British units during
the battles of Oporto and Talavera
Burnham, Robert
The British Expeditionary Force
to Walcheren: 1809
The organization of the British Force that invaded the Low
Countries in 1809.
Centeno, João
Portuguese Army Actions:
1809
Combats, sieges, and battles that the Portuguese Army fought in.
Cueto, Dionisio Álvarez
The Armies at Talavera:
The Artwork of Dionisio Álvarez Cueto
Paintings by a Spanish artist who lives in Madrid.
Douglas, Howard
The French Bridging Operations
across the Danube in 1809
First published in 1832, this article provides technical detail on
how the Danube was bridged in two separate operations.
Falls, Cyril
The Battle of La Coruña: Decisive in
a Vital Campaign
Translation of a Spanish article.
Gill, Jack
The
1809 War with Austria: the "Thunder on the Danube"
Archives
The Austrian Hauptarmee in Late March
Latham, Paul
Battle of Mount Kitta (also called Kitta Mount) 16th May 1809
A little know battle of 1809.
McGuigan, Ron
Seniority of British Commanders
in Spain and Portugal in 1809
There were many British general officers serving in the Iberian Peninsula
in 1809. Some had local rank and others permanent rank. Ron McGuigan
does an excellent job sorting it all out!
Miley, Caroline (Translator)
The Spanish at Talavera (28-7-1809)
The role the Spanish blatted in the battle of Talavera.
Millar, Stephen
Austrian Order-of-Battle
at Wagram: 5 - 6 July 1809
A comprehensive order-of-battle down to the regimental level.
The French Army at
Talavera de la Reyna: 27 - 28 July 1809
A detailed order-of-battle.
Scattolin, Roberto
May 1809 – On Conduct and Leadership: a French view
at Essling
Were Napoleon's methods of motivating his troops justified?
Bravery at the Brenta River: Ambrogio Uboldo and Stories
of Valour
A look at an all but forgotten hero of the 1809 Campaign in Italy.
Piave River 1809: British Navy
and Royal Marines Assault the Fort at Cortellazzo
A little known action in Italy.
South Tyrol 1809: When Faith Sustained
Honour
A vicious combat in northern Italy.
1810
Boue, Gilles
Battin: l'Austerlitz russe 7 septembre
1810
A look at the battle that ended the Russo-Turk War. (In French)
Burnham, Robert
General Robert Craufurd's Letter to
General Wellington Reporting the Results of the Action on the River
Coa
The River Coa, Spain; 24 July 1810. The famous Light Division
of the British Army is nearly cut-off and destroyed by a surprise attack
by French forces under Marshal Ney.
Centeno, João
Portuguese Army Actions:
1810
Combats, sieges, and battles that the Portuguese Army fought in.
Roberto A. Scattolin
Fallen Eagles:
a Story of French Military dissent in Iberia
The story of Marshal Stockpot!
North, Jonathan
Attack along the Danube: The
Russo-Turkish War of 1810
This paper examines the Russian campaign of 1810 against the Ottoman
Empire and how it set the stage for Russian embroilment in the region.
1811
Centeno, João
Portuguese Army Actions:
1811
Combats, sieges, and battles that the Portuguese Army fought in.
Centeno, João and Donald E. Graves (Translators)
"At dawn, great firing
was heard:" A Spanish Eyewitness to the Sieges of Badajoz, 1811
A rare eyewitness account of the siege of Badajoz from a civilian
inside the city.
Dempsey, Guy (Editor)
The Albuera Electronic Archives
Primary source relating to the battle.
Beresford’s
Edited Dispatch to Wellington
The
Bravery of Ensign Thomas 3rd Foot
Details of British and Portuguese Casualties at Albuera
Images
of Allied Units
Images
of French Units
Images of the Battle
Panorama of the Battlefield which is a panorama sketch of the battlefield
done shortly after the battle
Portraits
The
Ordeal of Lt. Matthew Latham
Graves, Donald E.
Soult's Report on the Battle of
Albuera, 16 May 1811
Marshal Soult's after-action-report
"The contest was arduous,
and our situation was critical:" Major-General William ("Auld
Grog Willie") Stewart Reports on the 2nd Division at Albuera, May
1811
Major General Stewart's after-action-report
"Three times the
French was take the bridge:" A King's German Legion Officer at
Albuera, May 1811
A letter written shortly after the battle by a junior officer.
“We drove them back with charged
bayonets:” A King’s German Legion Rifleman at Albuera
The battle, as seen from a private's viewpoint.
A German Officer on the
Spanish Staff at Albuera, 1811
The battle, from the Spanish perspective.
Millar, Stephen
The French Army at Albuera:
16 May 1811
The French order-of-battle
Muzás, Luis Sorando
Trophies of
Albuera (May 16, 1811)
Trofeos de la
Albeura (16 de mayo de 1811) (In Spanish)
A look at the colours lost by the combattants at the battle of Albuera.
1812
Burnham, Robert
A Devil of an Affair:
the Combat at Majahalonda 11 August 1812
A little known, but vicious cavalry fight during the Peninsula War.
Centeno, João
Portuguese Army Actions:
1812
Combats, sieges, and battles that the Portuguese Army fought in.
Dominique Contant, Robert Ouvrard, and Jonathan Cooper
Marshal Suchet and the Siege
of Valencia
This paper won "Best Military Paper: Honorable Mention"
in the 2003 Napoleon Series Writing Contest!
A look at how the French treated the Spanish who surrendered at Valencia.
Grodzinski, John R.
“Universally Esteemed by His Brothers
in Arms:” Lieutenant Edward de Salaberry, R.E. at
Badajoz, 6 April 1812
The story of a Canadian officer at the Siege of Badajoz
Kuhn, Anthony
Rivers and the Destruction
of Napoleon’s Grand
Army
The impact of rivers on the French Army in the 1812 Campaign.
McGuigan, Ron
The British Army Stationed
in British North America 1812-1815
A listing of British regiments serving in North America
Mikaberidze, Alexander
The Mutiny of Generals:
Peter Bagration and Barclay de Tolly at Smolensk August, 1812
A major paper on the internal divisions in the Russian high command
during the early days of the 1812 Campaign.
The
Battle of Borodino
Orders-of-Battle, primary source documents, and articles about the
battle.
Muzás, Luis Sorando
Trophies Taken by the
British from the Napoleonic Army during the War of Spanish Independence
(Peninsular War) 1808 - 1814
Trofeos Tomados Por Los Británicos
Al Ejercito Napoleónico Durante La Guerra De La Independencia Española
( Peninsular War) 1808 – 1814
This paper won an Honorable Mention in Best Military Paper
Category in the 2005 Napoleon Series Writing Contest!
What the British captured in six years of fighting.
Vovsi, Eman M.
French Numbered Infantry
Regiments At Borodino: 5 - 7 September 1812
A look at the French infantry order-of-battle at Borodino and the
officers who led them.
1813
Burnham, Robert
British Artillery at
Vitoria: 21 June 1813
Order-of-Battle of the Anglo-Allied Artillery at this key battle
of the Peninsula War.
Celle, J.Y.
Hanau 1813
An account of the Battle of Hanau. Article only available in French.
Centeno, João
Portuguese Army Actions:
1813
Combats, sieges, and battles that the Portuguese Army fought in.
de Groot, Bas
Russian Cossacks in Holland: 1813
Contemporary prints of the Cossacks in Holland in 1813!
Millar, Stephen
Allied Order-of-Battle at
Dresden: 26 - 27 August 1813
A detailed listing of the Allied units.
Allied Order-of-Battle
at Leipzig: 16-18 October 1813
A huge order-of-battle that covers all of the Allied forces!
French Order-of-Battle
at Leipzig: 16-18 October 1813
A massive order-of-battle that covers all of the French and their
Allies!
1814
Bamford, Andrew
The British Army in the
Low Countries, 1813-1814
The British expedition in support of the Allies move against France.
Brito, Manuel Antonio
Le 4e Régiment de Dragons
à Nangis 1814
A look at a little known cavalry action in 1814. In French.
Centeno, João
Portuguese Army Actions:
1814
Combats, sieges, and battles that the Portuguese Army fought in.
Lasson, Ludovic. Translated by Yves Martin
The Russian Occupation of Nogent-sur-Seine,
February 1814
One of the on-going debates is why the French people still supported
Napoleon in 1814 and then welcomed him back in 1815. Three contemporary
testimonials were written by French civilians about the occupation
of their town, Nogent-sur-Seine, by Russian Cossacks in February 1814.
Are they eyewitness accounts at their best or is it propaganda?
Sandbekken, Martin
The Norwegian-Swedish War of 1814
Rather than accepting a union with Sweden, the Norwegians fought
for their independence.
1815
Boersma, Hans
The Crossroads: Netherlands Forces
at Les Quatre Bras 15 - 16 June 1815
The Netherlands contribution to this key battle of the 1815
Campaign.
Quatre Bras: The Maps Use in Battleground
Prelude to Waterloo Computer Wargame
A look at the historical maps that were used in the wargame.
Contant, Dominique
French Orders and Reports
from the Waterloo Campaign
Original orders and reports written by senior French officers during
the opening days of theWaterloo Campaign -- mostly from 16 June 1815.
Elmer, Bob
The Defense of Hougoumont
The importance of the walled farm of Hougoumont, lying in
front of the western end of the Allied lines was emphasized by the elite
troops that Wellington assigned to its defence...
de Groot, Bas
Chassé's Division
at Waterloo: Two Eye-witness Accounts
Rare accounts of the battle from two Dutch soldiers and the role
of the Dutch in defeating the Imperial Guard.
Libert, Fons
The Hundred Days
This is the story of Napoleon's last campaign, culminating in his
final defeat at Waterloo.
McGuigan, Ron
Anglo-Allied Army in Flanders
and France - 1815
The definitive order-of-battle for the Allies!! Units and commanders
are listed down to battalion and battery level!!!
McManus, Mark
The Capture of a French General
at Waterloo
A 19th Century account of a capture of an unknown French general.
Millar, Stephen
The
Key to Victory: General d’Erlon’s I Corps,
16 June 1815
Was d'Erlon responsible for the fiasco on 16 June?
Millar, Stephen
French Order-of-Battle
at Waterloo: 18 June 1815
The definitive order-of-battle for Waterloo!
French Order-of-Battle at Wavre:
18 June 1815
The definitive order-of-battle for Wavre!
Prussian Army
of the Lower Rhine: the Waterloo Campaign 1815
The Prussians!
‘My duty is to
execute the Emperor’s orders’:
Grouchy at Walhain, 18 June 1815
Where Grouchy went wrong.
Ney, Michel
Letter of the Prince
of Moskowa to His Excellency the Duke of Otranto about Waterloo
Transcribed by Susan Howard
Ney's perspective of Waterloo.
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