(from: Exercier Reglement für die Insurrection des Adels von Ungarn. Pesth 1809,

Erstes Hauptstückt. Erster Abschnitt. Stell und Abteilung.)[1]

The Landwehr system was extended also to Hungary and to a part of the Croatia by the Pressburg (Pozsony-Bratislava) parliament (Landstag) (August 20 – November 5, 1808), which decided to raise a force of about 20.000 men for the national line regiments and by direct proposal of the Kaiser Franz, in the case of a direct threat against the hungarian Crown lands, decided to raise a Personal Insurrection Levy.

	Insurrectio Line or Light battalion
1	Stabsoffizier und Kommandant	1	Bataillons Adjutant
1	Fourier	1	Bataillons Tambour
	Insurrection Line or Light Coy
1	Hauptmann	1	Oberlieutenant
2	Unterlieutenant	2	Feldwebel
12	Corporale	2	Tambour
1	Zimmerman

The company had two Feldwebeln like the regular units in war (because the Insurrectio was raised only as wartime units). Here the equivalent terms in Hungarian (the language of Insurrectio)

	Magyar Insurrectio gyalogos zászlóalj
1	Zászlóaljparancsnok	1	zászlóalj segéd
1	zászlóalj raktáros őrmester	1	zászlóalj dobos
	Magyar Insurrectio gyalogos csapat
1	Százados	1	Főhadnagy
2	Hadnagy	2	Őrmester
12	Káplár or Tizedes	2	Század-Dobos
1	Katonai ács Utász		A variable number of honvédelem katonai (Privates)

A Brief History of the Hungarian Insurrectio
by István Nagy (and Enrico Acerbi)

That's a great problem in the Hungarian history of the 18th and the 19th century. The insurrectio was generally "der adelige Aufstrand", the feudal militia of the noblemen. But in the truth, at the beginning of the 19th century, the Hungarians weren't able to determine, who must go to war when the insurrectio was called.

The Insurrectio had been called four times: in 1797, 1800, 1805 and 1809; but only in 1809 the insurgents did fight. The Military Borderlands were part of the Hungarian Crown lands (as well as Croatia. The Croatian Kingdom was under the rule of the Hungarian Crown, but, in effects, it was governed by the Banus of Croatia).

However the Border was under the direct control of the Hofkriegsrat, not of the King of Hungary (the Kaiser himself). The serfs in the Border weren't paying any tax but directly served as soldiers when called. In the war against the Turks (1788-1791) more Grenzer troops were raised than before and this happened also later, in 1796, and until 1848-1849. It was not a special event because it was allowed by the law.

The "Magyar" or Hungarians was actually a dependant of the Hungarian Crown. So the born Croatian, Serbs, Romanians were called as being hungarians (this happened many years before the spreading of nationalism), provided they live in hungarian lands, Frontier apart. However the Croatian, Serbs, Romanians, who lived in the Borderlands, were only Grenzer, militarized citizens of that lands.

In order to push back enemies through the borders and in order to achieve the so called “Tregua Domini” (by the Lord a Truce), the higher Prelates, the royal barons and the hereditary lands barons (landowners) had to raise their own troops, under their own standards (Fähnlein) or Banderia. This was the:

- Insurrectio Banderialis: noblemen and the Holy-orders had to raise hussars regiments (banderia. Singular Banderium) according to their financial wealth. These men were organised into the "Banderia" (at least 50 men, namely 1/8 of the full 400 men banderium force) of the noblemen owner (or Holy-order). It fought under the colour (standard) of the "Owner". If the noble was not so wealthy to raise 50 hussars, the eventual enrolled men were sent under the colour of the County (Banderium of the county). The King, the Queen, the Lords, Higher Prelates and some Holy-order could retain their own Banderia.

Even the lesser nobility, but enough in wellfare to get money for raising troops, could have their small armies and join the Insurrectio (here called Particularis). These were an Insurrectio mode, which had some character of volunteers-call to arm (at least for the commanders).

In effects, there were two ways to call for Insurrectio:

1. Insurrectio Partialis: whenever only one or two (of the former three feudal Lords) components were called to arms nationwide or in some regions of the country.

2. Insurrectio Generalis: all components were called to arms, nationwide. In this case “all and each” Prelates, hereditary or acquisite barons with their subordinate vassals (for Croatia, the Summalisten), must raise troops paying directly them and for them. The poorer noblesmen had to enroll “personally under the King’s Flags” for the so called:

3. Insurrectio Personalis: where all the hungarian nobles (personalis = persons, but even organizations Ie. the free cities) had to stand up (but this was restricted more times). So the insurrectio personalis was a personal insurrection of the nobles and of all their cities, towns and other corporations, which held the noble title. The nobles didn't pay taxes, but were compelled personally to defend the Country. They had the opportunity to send deputy soldiers instead of themselves; but this, actually, was not common;

In every case there were also standard rules to understand the richness degree of the nobles. They simply counted the number of rural farms (Porta) in order to have a measure of the landowner wellfare. So many paid and raised troops along with this rating value.

4. Insurrectio Portalis: the poorer Vassals (and sometimes with the higher nobles aid) raised hussars and footsoldiers according to what stated by law. The "porta" is a term which means house. The earlier origin is not known. It was, therefore, the taxation standard units, when taking off money from each farmhouse, owned by a landowner. In the Hungarian Kingdom (as above mentioned, they were not the same thing as the lands of the Hungarian Crown) there were 5405,5 Porta. The country-soldiers were formally volunteers, but the recruiting was not always free from violence.

The portalis and the banderialis Insurrections were often mixed and combined. The banderialis and portalis Insurrections had not different Statutes. The Statutes were so complicated that it was impossible to keep them as the original statement. Actually, except in the personalis component, nobles and aristocrats raised as many troops as they wanted; usually more than the number fixed by the Statutes. In reality the laws changed very fastly and the called insurrections were never the same in strenght or in organization.

Croatian Insurrectio

At Agram (Zagreb) the Insurrectio recruitment had specific legislative Council Committee. Their proposal in 1809 was to raise up to 10.000-12.000 insurgents. This was not a Landwehr statement but only a privilege of nobles and High Clergymen. The Insurrectio could have been general or a mass-recruitment (Generalis or Massalis) or partial (Insurrectio particularis or partialis). Also in Croatia it was splitten between personal, banderial or portal (Insurrectio personalis, banderialis, portalis). A personal Insurrectio came from nobles (Turopoljce, Kalničane, through the countryside of SV Ivan Zeline free towns and others), namey from people who, for personal ethical wish, did go into war with a “personal” Banal regiment. The Banderial occurred in the case when someone organized a Banderial regiment, in which men would have been recruited (lend) for a larger period. The Banderials were volunteer-soldiers under the flag (Banderium) of some border feudal Lord (or, in the 1809 event, under the Holy flags of the Church, the “Zagrebački” Bishop Maksimilijan Vrhovac). Also there the countryland nobility was burdened with the so called "portalis insurrectio" according to the number of their taxation fees (used to estimate the number of the bondmen to be enrolled).

Practically, the Agram’s bishop, Maksimilijan Vrhovac, actually the Ban’s Lieutenant, in 1809, raised 17.726 insurgent, whereof 15.742 were common infantrymen, and 1.984 horsemen. Among this fellows, therefore, he could count on 1.042 “personalis” staff insurgents (Officers), about 10.000 “portalis” insurgents through the counties, only 29 volunteers and 1.644 soldiers enrolled in his “banderial” Insurrectio. This was the utmost number of soldiers raised there as Insurgents. However they were rather undrilled, mostly rude peasants, many reaching their battalions as irregular crowds of youngmen and boys. The commander was there the Ban, Fieldmarshal Ignaz Gyulai helped by the vice- commander of the Croatian Kingdom, the “podmaršal” Vinko Knežević. The cavalry was led by the Colonel Joseph Drašković, while the infantry had, as commanders, the colonels Patačić, Amadeo, Peharnik and Berković.

This mass of soldiers did participate to the 1809 larger engagements (St. Michael, Graz, Raab and Wagram) only in a nominal part. Most of them were employed to defend the Bosnian borders against Turks and against Marmont and in repressive duties during the internal riots in their Homeland.

Insurrectio in Napoleonic times

In 1715 the King gave to the Reichstag nobles a Proposition by which (ex art. 8) he explained what would have to be really the Personal Insurrectio of his Vassals and that of their “Banderias”. “Quandoquidem Nobiles et omnes illi, quos sub nomenclationem hac, in Ungaria lex complectitur, pro Regni defensione militare, adeoque personaliter insurgere, suaque respectiva Banderia producere et praestare teneantur”. They must raise troops and must act in the name of the Crown.

In 1796 the Insurrectio was called two times, in 1797, 1800 one time; all calls did not go till the first line in battles. The first call raised a contingent of 17969 Hussars (erste Aufgebot) and 3556 soldiers (in the same time around 50000 recruits reached the Depots of the regular hungarian infantry). The second call gave a contingent of 10778 cavalry, 26606 infantry and, for the first time, 6416 Croatians (a total of 47916 men).

From 1800 the Insurrectio had the character of expecial emergency. From 1805 till 1808 all was clearly stated in the Reichsprotokoll. Hungary (apart of Croatia and Slavonia) had to raise 17214 hussars and 21230 soldiers, the K.K. Frei Städten (Free Towns) and the special Districts had to raise 4000 more Bürger zu Pferd (mounted civilians). It was a grand total of 41000 men called to defend Homeland, which had to be counted with 1952 Scharfschützen (snipers in volunteers units) and around 20000 recruits for the regular army. Under the Rule Law of 1808 this service had to continue for at least three years (after the King’s call), with the advantage they will remain (and eventually fight) in their Homeland territories.  

The “Insurrectio” hungarian Cavalry (Hussars) in 1809

Besides the Insurrection units of the present list (under), many Counties and free City formed both divisions or single squadrons (also half-sqns) as volunteers cavalry units. These cavalry was ready to fight around August, but, having never met the enemies, yjey were mainly disbanded or used to replenish other units. Only the Hont’s division was attached, as 5th division, to the 2nd Hussars Archduke Joseph regiment.

District		District Commander		Name of		Counties and free Cities	Forces		Notes
				Regiment (division)	Commander	Recruiting the Rgt.	Squadrons	Men [2]
On left Danube bank	The Danube	FMZ baron Paul Davidovich		Preßburg (Pozsony)	Oberst Graf Nepomuk Esterházy	Preßburg (Pozsony), Trentschin (Trencsén),	6	1039	The Regiment was at the Waag and fought at Raab (battle) and Papa [3]
				Neograd (Nógrád)	Oberst Garnika	Neograd (Nógrád), Bars, Jazygier and Kumanen district,	6	1074
				B ars	Oberst Simonyi	Hont, Sohl (Zólyom), Liptau (Liptó), Turócz, Arva	6	858	Deployed at the Waag, fought at Raab (battle) and then was at Jablunka Pass
				Pest	Oberst Gosztóny	Pest	6	1056	Deployed at the Waag, independent unit of Arch. John Corps fought at Raab (battle) and Karakó [4]
Trans: On right Danube bank		FML baron Mecséry		Sümegh	Oberst Pászthory	Sümeg (Somogyi), Baranya, Tolna and Komorn (Komárno)	6	1106	The regiment fought at Raab (battle)
				Veszprém	Oberst Zichy	Vészprem, Stuhlweißenburg (Székesfehérvár)	6	1007	independent unit of Arch. John Corps fought at Raab (battle) and Karakó
				Zala	Oberst Foky	Zala, Eisenburg (Vás county)	6	1071	Raab (battle) battle
				Eisenburg	Oberst Batthyányi	Eisenburg (Vás), Raab  (Győr), Wieselburg (Moson)	6	1098	These two units fought at Raab (battle) and then were transferred to the 2nd Reserve Corps
				Ödenburg	Oberst Festetics	Ödenburg (Sopron)	2	374
On left Tisza bank	The Theiss (Tisza)	GM Graf Hadik de Futak		Zemplén county	Oberst Kantó	Zemplén, Abaujvár, Sáros, Zips (Szepes), Ungvár	6	1234	Both regiments began the war with the Arch. John army, then were under division Egermann in Galicia
				Heves county	Oberst Almássy	Heves, Borsod, Gőmőr, Torna	6	1033
Trans:On right Tisza bank		FML baron Duka		Szabolcs	Oberst Kallay	Szabolcs, Haiducken Städte (Hajdú), Debrecen	6	1135	The troops from these districts were concentrated at Pest, detached to the Bakonyer-Wald. They did not fight at Raain the Parte of them were at Wagram with the VI Corps Hiller (infantry) and the I and II Reserve Corps (cavalry)
				Bihar	Oberst Doboszy	Bihar, Békés, Csongrád	6	1055
				Torontál	Oberst Lázár	Torontál, Temes, Arad, Krassó	6	1063
				Szatmár	Oberst Vecsey	Szatmár, Ugocsa, Bereg, city of Szegedin (Szeged), Csánad, Mármaros	6	1019
				Arad	Major Edelspacher	Torontál, Temes, Arad, Krassó	6	??	Had to be raised on October
District			Name of			Counties and free Cities	Forces		Notes
			Regiment (division)		Commander	Recruiting the Rgt.	Squadrons	Men
Croatian and Slavonian				Banderial [5] Insurrection	Oberst Petar Knezevich		8	??	Only four of these 12 Sqns. Reached the Ban Corps. They took partial part in the Graz battle. The others remained in Croatia as garrison
				Personal [6]			4
				Slavonian-Syrmian (Serbs)	??		2	??
Units not Insurrectional
Regular army regiments				Primartial	Oberst Luszeńsky	Gran (Esztergom) and Primartial region [7]	6	1023	Both regiments were raised to be part of the main Army. They had all regular Army officers. These two regiments fought at Wagram and then marched to the Schütt
				Neutra (Nyitra)	Oberst Berényi (after Ürményi)	Neutra (Nyitra)	6	1011
									The Neutra regiment had the name of Queen regiment (Kaiserin)

The “Insurrectio” Hungarian Infantry in 1809

District		District Commander		Name of		Counties and Free Cities	Forces
			N°	Battalion	Commander	Recruiting the Rgt.	Companies	Men
On left Danube bank	The Danube	FMZ baron Paul Davidovich These four battalions were deployed on the Schütt and on the lower Waag, fought at Raab (battle) and then were detached to the Jablunka-pass	1	Preßburg (Pozsony)	Oberst Borbély	Preßburg (Pozsony), Trentschin (Trencsén)	6	1212
			2	Pest	Oberst Podhorszky	Pest, Bács, Hont	6	1224
			3	Neutra	Oberstltn. Ordödy	Neutra (Nyitra), Bars, Turócz	6	1186
			4	Nógrád	Major Szabo	Neograd (Nógrád), Arva, Gran (Esztergom), Sohl (Zólyom), Liptau (Liptó)	6	1262
Trans: On right Danube bank		FML baron Mecséry These six battalions were concentrated near Raain the They fought all at Raab (battle) and then formed the garrison of the Komorn fortress	5	Eisenburg (Vás)	Oberstltn. Carl Erdödy	Eisenburg	6	1191
			6	Eisenburg (Vás)	Major Tersztyánsky	Eisenburg (Vás), Raab  (Győr), Ödenburg (Sopron) ,Wieselburg (Moson)	6	1028
			7	Komorn (Komárno)	Major Kmosko	Komorn (Komárno), Raab (Győr)	6	1148
			8	Zala (Szala)	Oberst Ghilány	Zala, Sümegh (Somogyi)	6	1172
			9	Veszprém	Oberst Markus	Vészprem	6	1207
			10	Stuhlweißenburg (Székesfehérvár)	Hauptmann Pribek	Stuhlweißenburg (Székesfehérvár), Tolna, Baranya	4	490
On left Tisza bank	The Theiss (Tisza)	GM Graf Hadik de Futak The infantry of these districts had one battalion at Dukla, another on the upper Arva, the remaining deployed near Erlau. They did not take part at the Raab  battle and after were part of the II Reserve Corps (then detached to the VII corps - Egermann division in Galicia)	15	Heves county	Major Tibad	Heves	-	1133
			16	Borsod county	Oberstltn. Szemere (after Bay)	Borsod	-	1191
			17	Gőmőr county	Oberstltn. Fay	Borsod, Gőmőr	-	1541
			18	Zemplén county	Oberstltn. Szentessy	Zemplén, Ungvár	-	1137
			19	Abaujvár county	Oberst Keller (then Hándo)	Abaujvár, Torna, Sáros, Zips (Szepes)	-	1200
Trans:On right Tisza bank		FML baron Duka All the troops from these districts were concentrated around Pest. They did not fight at Raab, some detached to the Bakonyi-Wald. Part stood with Hiller  at Wagram	11	Szatmár	??	Szatmár	6	1191
			12	Szatmár	??	Szatmár, Bereg, Ugocsa	3	760
			13	Mármaros	??	Mármaros	6	1071
			14	Bihar	Oberstltn. Poroszlay	Arad, Bihar	3	545

Appendix B

HUNGARIAN INSURRECTIO INFANTRY 1809

Commanders:

1 - left Danube bank or Cis-Donau: Davidovich
2 - right Danube bank or Trans-Donau: Mécsery
3 - left Tisza bank or Cis-Theiss: Hadik
4 - right Tisza bank or Trans-Theiss: Duka

Districts cis-Donau (Commander Davidovich), battalions:

Preßburg I, Pest II, Neutra III, Neograd IV

Districts trans-Donau (Commander Mécsery), battalions:

Eisenburger V, II Eisenburger VI, Komorn VII, Zala VIII, Stuhlweißenburg X,

Districts cis-Theiss (Commander Hadik), battalions:

Heves XV, Borsod XVI, Gömör XVII, Zemplin XVIII, Abaujvár XIX

Districts trans-Theiss (Commander Duka), battalions:

I Szatmárer IX, II Szatmárer XI, Máramaros XIII, Bihar XIV

HUNGARIAN INSURRECTIO

- Commander: archduke Joseph, but probably the first was archduke Rainer

ABAUJVÁR, Insurrectio batt. n° 19 - oberst Keller then oberst Hánlo

- Recruitment: from counties of Abaujvár-Torna, Sáros, Zips (Szepes).
- was at Dukla, Arva or Erlau, later with II Reserve Corps, finally attached to Div. Egermann, VII Corps

BIHAR, Insurrectio batt. n° 14 -  Oberstleutnant Poroszlay

- Recruitment: from Bihar and Arad
- in Pest, then in the Bakonyer Wald [8], after Wagram part with VI part with I and II Reserve Corps

BORSOD, Insurrectio batt. n° 16 - Oberstleutnant Szemere then Oberstleutnant Bay

- Recruitment: from Borsod
- was at Dukla [9], Arva [10] or Erlau [11], later with II Reserve Corps, finally attached to Div. Egermann, VII Corps

1st EISENBURGER Insurrectio batt. n° 5 -  Oberstleutnant Karoly Erdödy

- Recruitment: from Eisenburg (Vasvár) – Vas County.
- before Aspern: on the Schütt
- before Wagram: battle of Raab (battle), then to the Jablunkapaß

2nd EISENBURGER Insurrectio batt. n° 6 -  major Terczánsky

- Recruitment: from Eisenburg, Raab (Györ), Ödenburg (Sopron), Zwieselburg 
- between Aspern and Wagram: at Raab (battle), then at Komarom fortress one among I or II Batt. (not known)
- between Aspern and Wagram with div. Jellachich or Colloredo, Inner Austria army

GÖMÖR, Insurrectio batt. n° 17 -  Oberstleutnant Fay

- Recruitment: from Gömör and Borsod.
- was at Dukla, Arva or Erlau, later with II Reserve Corps, finally attached to Div. Egermann, VII Corps.

HEVES, Insurrectio batt. n° 15  - major Tibad

- Recruitment: from Heves
- was at Dukla, Arva or Erlau, later with II Reserve Corps, finally attached to Div. Egermann, VII Corps

KOMORN Insurrectio batt. n° 7 - major Kmosko

- Recruitment: from Komorn (Komarno) and Raab (Györ)
- between Aspern and Wagram: with div. Colloredo, VIII Corps

MÁRAMAROS, Insurrectio batt. n° 13 – commander not known

- Recruitment: from Máramaros County
- Pest, Bakonyer Wald and, after Wagram, part with VI Corps, part with I and II Reserve

NEOGRAD, Insurrectio batt. n° 4 - major Szábo

- Recruitment: from Neograd (Nógrád), Árva, Gran (Esztergom), Liptau (Liptó), Sohl (Zólyom)
- Schütt [12], Waag [13] Raab (battle), Jablunkapaß [14]

NEUTRA, Insurrectio batt. n° 3 - Oberstleutnant Ordody 

- Recruitment: from Neutra (Nyitra), Bars, Turócz
- Schütt, Waag, Raab (battle), Jablunkapaß

PEST, Insurrectio batt. n° 2 - major  Podhorsky

- Recruitment: from Pest, Bács, Hont.
- Schütt, Waag, Raab (battle), Jablunkapaß sometimes (between Aspern and Wagram) also with the Inner Austria army

PRESSBURG, Insurrectio batt. n° 1 -  oberst Borbély

- Recruitment: from Preßburg (Pozsony or Bratislava) and Trentschin (Trencsén)
- Schütt, Waag, Raab (battle), Jablunkapaß .

STUHLWEISSENBURG, Insurrectio batt. n° 10 -  Hauptmann Pribek

- Recruitment: from Stuhlweißenburg (Székesfehévár), Tolna, Baranya 
- Schütt, Waag, Raab (battle), Jablunkapaß

SZALA (Zala), Insurrectio batt. n° 8 - oberst Ghilány

- Recruitment: from Szala (Zala) and Szümegh (Somogy)
- Schütt, Waag, Raab (battle), Jablunkapaß sometimes (between Aspern and Wagram) 2 batt. with the Inner Austria army.

1st SZATMÁRER Insurrectio batt. n° 11 – comm. not known

- Recruitment: Szatmár
- Pest, Bakonyer Wald, after Wagram part with VI part with I and II Reserve Corps

2nd SZATMÁRER Insurrectio batt. n° 12 – comm. not known

- Inhaber: Kaiserin Maria Ludovica
- Recruitment: Szatmár, Bereg, Ugocsa
- Bakonyer Wald, after Wagram part with VI part with I and II Reserve Corps

VESZPRIM, Insurrectio batt. n° 9 -  oberst Markus

- Recruitment: Veszprim (Veszprem)
- Schütt, Waag, Raab (battle), Jablunkapaß between Aspern and Wagram with the Inner Austria army. (div. Colloredo or Jellachich) then  with Div. Jellachich.

ZEMPLIN, Insurrectio batt. n° 18 - Oberstleutnant  Szentessy

- Recruitment: Zemplin (Zemplen) and Ungvár
- was at Dukla, Arva or Erlau, later with II Reserve Corps, finally attached to Div. Egermann, VII Corps.

HUNGARIAN INSURRECTIO CAVALRY

- Organization:

districts cis-Donau (Davidovich): regiments Preßburg, Neograd, Bars, Pest.
districts trans-Donau (Mecséry): regiments Szümegh, Vészprim, Szala, Eisenburg, Ödenburg.
districts cis-Theiss(Hadik): regiments Zemplin, Heves.
districts trans-Theiss (Duka): regiments Szabocs, Bihar, Torontál, Szatmár, Arad

ARAD Hussars  raised in October 1809

-        between Aspern and Wagram: Rgt with brig. Mécsery, left Wing army of Inner Austria

BARS - oberst Knesevich Hussars

- Recruitment: from Hont, Sohl, Liptau, Turocz, Arva
- Raab (battle), then Jablunkapaß

BIHAR  - oberst Doboszy Hussars

- Recruitment: from Bihar, Békés, Csongrád
- detached in Bakonyer Wald, then with II Reserve Corps

EISENBURG  - oberst Batthyány Hussars

Recruitment: from Raab (Györ) and Eisenburg
- between Aspern and Wagram: at Raab (battle), then II Reserve Corps

HAIDUCKEN

see Palatinal hussars Rgt n° 12 and Insurrectio cavalry of  Rgt Szabolcz

HEVES - oberst Almássy Hussars

- Recruitment: from Heves, Borsod, Gömör, Torna
- between Aspern and Wagram: with Hadik, Inner Austria army with then Div. Egermann, VII Corps.

HONT see volunteers

JAZYGIER and KUMANIER

see Insurrectio cavalry of Rgt Neograd and with Palatinal hussars n° 12.

NEOGRAD - oberst Garnika Hussars

- Recruitment: from Bars, Neograd and the Jazygier and Kumanier districts
- between Aspern and Wagram: at Raab (battle) and Pápa

NEUTRA KOMITAT Husaren see Volunteers

ÖDENBURG - oberst Festeticz Hussars

- Recruitment: from Ödenburg
- between Aspern and Wagram: brig. Mécsery, left Wing of Inner Austria army then with II Reserve Corps

PEST - oberst Gosztóny Hussars

- Recruitment: from Pest, Bács
- between Aspern and Wagram: with brig. Andrassy, Inner Austria army then with brig. Mécsery, left Wing of Inner Austria army .

PRESSBURG - oberst Esterházy Hussars

- Recruitment: from Preßburg and Trentschin
- at Raab (battle) and Pápa with brig. Bianchi, Inner Austria army, Pressburg bridgehead
- after Wagram: idem

PRIMARTIAL Hussars see Volunteers

SZABOLCZ - oberst Kallay Hussars

- Recruitment: from Szabolsz and the Haiduk cities
- detached in the Bakonyer Wald, then II Reserve Corps

SZALA – ZALA  oberst Foky Hussars

- Recruitment: from Szala, Eisenburg
- between Aspern and Wagram: with Div. Frimont, right Wing of Inner Austria army

SZATMÁR oberst Vécsey Hussars

- Recruitment: from Szatmár, Ugocsa, Bereg, Szeged and Csanád
- detached in the Bakonyer Wald, then II Reserve Corps

SZEKLER see the Hussar Regiment n° 11 in the regular cavalry section.

SZÜMEGH - oberst Pásztory Hussars

- Recruitment: from Szümegh, Baranya, Tolna, Komorn
- between Aspern and Wagram: with Div. Frimont, right Wing of Inner Austria army

TORONTÁL - oberst Lázár Hussars

- Recruitment: from Torontál, Temes, Krásso, Arad
- detached in the Bakonyer Wald, then with II Reserve Corps

VESZPRIM - Oberstleutnant Zichy Hussars

- Recruitment: from Veszprim and Stuhlweissenburg
- between Aspern and Wagram: with brig. Andrassy, Inner Austria army later with brig. Mécsery, left Wing of Inner Austria army

ZEMPLIN  - oberst Kantó Hussars

- Recruitment: from Zemplin, Abaujvár, Sáros, Zips, Ungvár
- between Aspern and Wagram: with Hadik, Inner Austria army then Div. Egermann, VII Corps

INSURRECTIO CROATIAN-SLAVONIAN-SERBIAN

see also the table above.

BANDERIAL-PERSONAL-MASSAL INSURRECTIO INFANTRY

- Commander: Oberstleutnant Draskovich
- between Aspern and Wagram: 2 batt. with brig. Munkácsy, IX Corps then 2 batt. with brig. Kengyel, IX Corps

BANDERIAL, PERSONAL, SLAVONIAN-SERBIAN INSURRECTIO HUSSARS

- Commander: oberst Knesevich
-  before Aspern: with IX Corps in Croatia, partially in formation.|
- between Aspern and Wagram: with brig. Amade, IX Corps then 3 Sqns. with brig. Splényi, IX Corps. Later 2 Sqns. were with brig. Gavassini, IX Corps and finally 4 Sqns. with IX Corps, and 4 Sqns. in Croatia

PORTALIS. Note: Magnates of Hungary raised 5 cavalry Div. (2 Sqns. each) for the regular Hussars regiments.

SIEBENBÜRGISCHE INSURRECTIO, (Infantry and Hussars) never organized. was only a project.

1809 – VOLUNTEERS UNITS OF HUNGARY

FREIWILLIGE or the true free-corps of Volunteers (often also Jäger battalions or only Jäger named), set up in the empire by nobles (who called themselves also as proprietaires) or early nationalist (Schill) or a mixture of both (the Duke of Brunswick - Braunschweig, i.e.) and the Freiwilligenbataillone (Freibat. in the contemporary literature).

They follow here an alphabetic order in accordance with their denominations.

ARADER GEBIRGSJÄGERKORPS - Hauptmann Joseph Nagy

Units which made only service by chasing deserters in the inner country.

BUKOWINAER Freibataillon – major Chevalier Friedrich Forget de Borst

Was never in battles.

ERZHERZOG KARL Husaren see Siebenbürgische Hussars

HONT Hussars

- Recruitmen: in the Hont County
- Organization: 1 Div = 2 Sqns.
- army of Inner Austria but they were never in battle.

MARIA LUDOVICA Freikorps see Siebenbürgisches Freikorps

NEUTRAER Regiment freiwillige Husaren - Insurrectio

They were also considered a regular-like Hussars regiment, apart for the Insurrectio call-to-arms time:

- Owner “Kaiserin Maria Ludovica” – Commander: Oberst Bérenyi then oberst Ürményi.
- Recruitment: County of Neutra (Nyitra)
- before and at Aspern: in the Brig. Kerekes, Div. Kienmayer, II Reserve Corps (remained in Bohemia)
- at Wagram: Brig. Kerekes, Div. Schwarzenberg, Reserve Corps
- after Wagram:  Brig. Kerekes, Div. Nostitz, Reserve Corps

PRIMATIAL (Primartial) Regiment freiwillige Husaren - Insurrectio

At the service and paid by the archduke Carl Ambrosius

Comm.: oberst Luszensky.
- Recruitment: Gran (Esztergom) County and Primartial
- before and at Aspern: in the Brig. Kerekes, Div. Kienmayer, II Reserve Corps (remained in Bohemia)
- at Wagram: Brig. Frehlich, Div. Nordmann, Avantgarde II Wing later in the Brig. Vécsey, Div.Nordmann, Avantgarde II Wing
- after Wagram: Brig. Kerekes, Div. Nostitz, Reserve Corps

SIEBENBÜRGISCHES Jägerkorps Maria Ludovica – Transylvanian Chasseurs

- Owner: Kaiserin Maria Ludovica

I Bat. (Saxon) -  Oberstleutnant Kolb

In Hungary, never engaged.

II Bat. (Hungarian) - Hauptmann Simon Christof

In Hungary, never engaged.

SIEBENBÜRGISCHE HUSAREN Erzherzog Karl

Data not available

Notes

[1] from: Exercier Reglement für die Insurrection des Adels von Ungarn. Pesth 1809, Erstes Hauptstückt. Erster Abschnitt. Stell und Abteilung. Courtesy of Jeff Lewis, Napoleon Series.

[2] These numbers was those of the Enrollment Lists but they were rather lower in the battlefields (unfit, ill and deserters).

[3] The combat of Papa (12 June 1809) was a rearguard action fought during Archduke John of Austria's retreat towards the Danube after the failure of his invasion of Italy. Prince Eugène himself reached Papa on the morning of 12 June, to find the Archduke's entire army camped before him, but the rest of the French troops were slow in arriving. By the time Grenier's division arrived, at about 2pm, most of the Austrian infantry were already on their way north. A rearguard, consisting of two battalions of regular hussars, one battalion of regular infantry, one of frontier infantry (Grenzer) and three of Insurrection Hussars (a militia raised in an emergency), was left around Papa under the command of FML Frimont. Frimont posted his cavalry to the south-west of Papa, facing the French, and his infantry to the north

The French were finally ready to attack at around 2pm. Eugène sent troops to outflank the Austrians on both sides, then ordered Montbrun, the Badeners and two chasseur regiments to charge the Austrian centre. The first attack failed, but the second succeeded, and the town fell to the French, while the Austrians fled north. The French made something of a mess of the pursuit, only using their light cavalry, while the 1st Dragoon Division wasn't used all day. Despite this failure they inflicted around 600 casualties on the Austrians, many of the prisoners, three times their own losses of around 200 men. On the following day the French continued the pursuit, and on 14 June they inflicted a major defeat on the Archduke at Raab.From http://www.histoire-empire.org.

[4] Karakó combats: June 8, 1809. Eugene arrived with 18,000 men at Steinamanager (Szombathely). Lauriston drove 4,000 men to Sárvár, who was caught by chasseurs and Baden cavalry of Colbert. On June 9, 1809, he formed a junction, east of Sárvár, with the main army. The cavalry hold the following positions:

division Sahuc at Gógáufa - General Colbert 9th Hussars at Karakó, the 20th chasseurs at Merse and the 7th chasseurs at Kenyeres; Montbrun occupied Pápócz (1st chasseurs), Asszonyfa (2nd chasseurs) et Marcaltö (7th hussars) .

The defenders, under command of colonel Gosztonyi (a division of Pest cavalry, 230 Gradiskaner under major Taza) withdrew by Jánosháza up Karakó. But the next day, they were attacked again, about two o'clock in the afternoon. This time, they managed to push back the 900 cavalry of general Marollet, despite three attacks.

The French so tried to pass the Raab river at Bodonhely rather than at Marcal. General Andrássy stopped them with his troops stationed on the Marcal: Pest Cavalry (628 men), Veszprém (1143 men), and the Archduke Joseph Hussars (739 men) at Gógánfa.

June 8 saw new troop movements. The Szala cavalry (1100 h.) and the Insurrectio battalion n. 2 (1094 men) were ordered to go to Tét, the cavalry regiment Somogy (1272 riders) moved to Pápa. They should strengthen the Andrássy cavalry.

On 10 June, general Macdonald reached Körmend. The same day, at 13 pm, Karakó was again attacked. The French have gathered at Jánoshásza seven cavalry divisions and two infantry battalions. General Andrássy moved to Dobróka two cavalry divisions (Veszprém), a hussars archduke Joseph division, a division of Blankenstein hussars and a half battery of horse artillery.

At three o'clock in the afternoon, two infantry battalions and three cavalry divisions did attack again the hungarian Colonel János Gosztonyi at Karakó. Despite heavy losses, they pushed up them till Dobróka, followed by the 9th hussars (general Debroc), who drove against the infantry, bound to decline in mass.

Blocked by the muddy ground, Hungarian cavalry could not attack at that time. The French put in battery, at a distance of 2500 paces, four pieces of eight and two howitzers. The Archduke Joseph hussars and part of the Veszprém cavalry threw themselves on the French, which retreated immediately. However a counterattack with two cavalry divisions regained the lost ground. Gosztonyi lost 300 men.

Archduke John withdrew towards Pápa, which he reached during the night. Eugene now expected that archduke John was to take position at Papá to fight. From http://www.histoire-empire.org.

[5] Insurrectio banderialis: noblemen and the holy order had to raise hussars according to their wealth. These men were organised into "banderium" (at least 50 men, the 1/8 of the full 400 men banderium) of the noblemen (and holy order). It fought under the color (standard) of the "raiser". If the noble not so wealthy to raise 50 hussars theese men were sent under the color of the county (banderium of the county). The king, the queen, the lords and some holy orders had their own banderium. (note by István Nagy 2007)

[6] Insurrectio personalis: the mandatory stand-up of all the noble persons (and organisations f.e. the free cities) (it was restricted more times).

[7] Esztergom was the seat of the prímás (Primate) of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary.

[8] Bakony (German: Bakonyer Wald) is a mountainous region in Transdanubia, Hungary. It forms the largest part of the Transdanubian Medium Mountains. It is located north of Lake Balaton and lies almost entirely in Veszprém county. The Bakony is divided into the Northern and Southern Bakony through the Várpalota-Veszprém-Ajka-Devecser line.

[9] The Dukla Pass  is a strategically significant mountain pass in the Carpathian mountains on the border between Poland and Slovakia, and close to the western border of Ukraine. It is the lowest mountain pass in the Carpathian mountains main range. Located south of Dukla in Poland and northeast of Prešov in Slovakia, the Dukla pass is acknowledged as an area where Eastern and Western Slavic cultures meet..

[10] Arva county in northern Hungary.

[11] Eger (German: Erlau) is a city in northern Hungary, the county seat of Heves, east of the Mátra Mountains. The defence of the northern Hungary was decided after the Russian threats and their intervention during the campaign in Poland.

[12] Two islands in the Danube, situated in the Hungarian plain between Pressburg and Komorn Great Schütt Island  is bordered by the Danube proper on the south and west, and by the Little Danube and the Schwarzwasser (Oeregduna) It is 58 miles long, from 10 to 20 miles wide, and is subject to the floods of the rivers, being low and even. Owing to its rich soil, it is called the Golden Garden of Hungary. It has several towns, including Komorn, which is situated in the southeast corner of the island. Little Schütt Island, bordered by the Danube proper on the north and east, and by the Wieselburger Danube, and lying to the southwest of Great Schütt Island, is 28 miles long.

[13] The Váh (German: Waag; Hungarian: Vág) is the longest river entirely in Slovakia. A left tributary of the Danube river, the Váh is 406 km long, including its Čierny Váh branch. Its two sources, the Biely Váh (White Váh) and the Čierny Váh (Black Váh), are located in the High Tatras and Low Tatra mountains, respectively, and it flows over northern and western Slovakia and finally pours into the Danube near Komárno (Komarom).

[14] Jablunka Pass (Czech: Jablunkovský průsmyk) is a mountain pass in the Beskids, located in the elevation of 553 m above sea level, currently in the Czech Republic, near the border with Poland and Slovakia. It separates the Moravian-Silesian Beskids and the Silesian Beskids mountain ranges. It is one of the most important transport routes in the Western Carpathians. Road from Žilina to Těšín runs here. Košice-Bohumín railway line also runs here. It was an important route from the Middle Ages, connecting Upper Hungary with Silesia, more precisely Cieszyn Silesia.

 

Placed on the Napoleon Series: March 2011

 

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