By Leopold
Kudrna, with Biographical Essays by Digby Smith.
Abbrevations
and Symbols
a.h. |
ad
honoris (honorary) |
b. |
born |
CC |
Commander’s
Cross |
Cdr |
Commander |
cl. |
class |
Com. |
Comitat
(Hungarian County) |
d. |
died |
f. |
plus
the following page |
ff. |
plus
following pages |
FML |
Feldmarschalleutnant
(= lieutenant general) |
FZM |
Feldzeugmeister
(= general of infantry, artillery or engineers) |
GC |
Grand
Cross |
GCC |
Grand
Commander's Cross |
GdK |
General
der Kavallerie (= general of cavalry) |
GM |
Generalmajor
(= major general) |
GOC |
Grand
Officer's Cross |
Hptm |
Hauptmann
(= Captain) |
I.R. |
Imperial-Royal |
KC |
Knight’s
Cross |
MdC |
Marechal
de Camp (Rank of Major General in Royal France) |
min.
aet. |
minoris
aetatis = underage |
Mjr |
Major |
MMTO |
Military
Maria Theresian Order |
(n.l.) |
(city
/ village) not locatable (i.g. if more cities with
equal names, wrong designations in the sources,
etc.) |
Obst |
Oberst
(= colonel) |
Obstlt |
Oberstleutnant
(= lieutenant colonel) |
OC |
Officer’s
Cross |
p. |
page |
pp. |
pages |
Prov. |
Province |
Rttm |
Rittmeister
(= Captain of horse) |
w.d. |
with
diamonds |
w.r.f. |
with
rank from * |
w/o |
without |
~ |
approximate,
about, around |
(+) |
victory
(of a battle, engagement, siege) |
(–) |
defeat
(of a battle, engagement, siege) |
(?)
[?] |
probably,
uncertain, not exactly known |
*) In Austria, military promotions
of officers always came with two dates:
1. The actual date of promotion (=
date of the promotion document or date of the supreme Imperial
resolution). From that day on the promotion became effective
and the officer hold his new rank (in Austria called: Charge).
2. The date of the rank.
This date defined only the ranking order (= Anciennität)
within all equal military ranks (important for the promotion
to the next higher military rank, in question of subordination
or superordination of generals with equal responsibility
during a campaign etc).
For example:
Colonel Burnham and colonel Smith are
promoted on the very same day (31.12.1800) to major general.
Colonel Burnham with rank from 01.01.1780 and colonel Smith with
rank from 01.01.1790. From this day onwards (31.12.1800)
both actually are holding the same military rank (major general)
but major general Burnham have a much higher degree
of rank than general major Smith. So major general Burnham's "Anciennität" is
higher than MG Smith's, and therefore he might be
promoted to the next military rank (= lieutenant general)
much more quicker than MG Smith. |
