Military Subjects: Organization, Strategy & Tactics



  By Leopold Kudrna, with Biographical Essays by Digby Smith.




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Austrian Generals
1792-1815


M
 
MacElligot  to  Mylius





 M1
MacElligot, Peter Karl Freiherr von

Personal Information
Born: 17??
Died: Brünn (Brno) / Moravia, 20.03.1825

Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant: 07./08.1807
Oberst: 1809
Generalmajor: 04.12.1812
Retired: 1814

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
I.R. Chamberlain

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)


Printed Sources
Duffy, p.376 | MilSchem | WZ, 15.08.1807, 02.12.1809, 02.02.1813

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

 

 M2
Mack, Karl
Mack von Leiberich, Karl
Mack von Leiberich, Karl Freiherr

Personal Information
Born: Nennslingen near Weißenburg / Bavaria, 24.08.1752
Died: St. Pölten / Lower Austria, 22.10.1828

Family Status
Married: Katherina Gabriel

Promotions
Major: 14.05.1788
Oberstleutnant: 1789
Oberst: 1789
Generalmajor: 24.02.1794 (w.r.f. 20.02.1791[1794?])
Feldmarschalleutnant: 02.03.1797 (w.r.f. 02.03.1797)
Cashired: E.1805
Deprivation of rank, title and orders: 07.1807
Rehabilitation (by Imperial act of grace): 03.12.1819

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Chief of the Quartermaster General Staff: 03.1797 – 03.1798 / 25.04.1805 – 10.1805

Field Service (1792-1815)
Chief of the Quartermaster General Staff of the Moravian Observation Army: 04.-08.1790
Chief of the Quartermaster General Staff of the Army of the Netherlands: 02.-05.1793 / 02.-05.1794
Chief of the Quartermaster General Staff of the Army of the Rhine: 03.-04.1797
Commander of the Neapolitan forces at the battle of Cività Castellana: 04.12.1798 (–)
Chief of the Quartermaster General Staff of the Army of Germany: 09.-10.1805
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of Günzburg: 09.10.1805 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the capitulation of Ulm: 17.10.1805 (–)

Elevation of Social Status
plain nobility: 19.06.1786 (with predicate: "von Leiberich")
Freiherr: 22.02.1791

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 21.12.1789
Colonel-Proprietor of the Cuirassier Regiment N°20 / (since 1798:) N°10 / (since 1802:) N°6: 05.1793 – 07.1807

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)


Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Born on 24 August 1752 in Nennslingen in Bavaria Mack entered Austrian military service as a trooper in the cavalry regiment in which his uncle was an officer in 1769. He was commissioned in 1777. The next year he fought in the War of the Bavarian Succession and was then selected for staff duties. He served under Lacy and Loudon and was very distinguished at the siege of Belgrade (where he was badly wounded in the head) in the wars against the Turks of 1788/89. For this he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresian Order on 21 December 1789. In that latter year he was appointed ADC to the Emperor.
In 1793 he was appointed Chief of Staff to the Prince of Sachsen-Coburg and planned the crossing of the River Roer. He also helped to organize Dumouriez' defection to the allied side and was again wounded at Famars on 23 May. In this year, he was made Proprietor of the Cuirassier Regiment N°20 although he did not hold a general officer's rank at this time. He lost this post as a consequence of the 1805 campaign.
On 24 February 1794 he was promoted to Generalmajor and appointed QMG to the Austrian army in the Netherlands, but fell into disfavour because his plans were always too complicated and the timing unrealistic. On 2 March 1797 Mack was promoted Feldmarschalleutnant and attached – at the Emperors's request – to take command of the Neapolitan army. This was a hopeless task; the army repeatedly disintegrating before the French and Mack had to fly for his life from his own mutinous troops. He was captured by General Macdonald and spent two years as a prisoner in France before escaping in 1800.
Nelson observed his activities in Naples; he wrote: "…let not General Mack be employed; for I knew him at Naples to be a scoundrel and a coward." By dint of much clever political manoeuvering, he became chief military advisor to the Emperor and much reduced Erzherzog Carl's influence on his elder brother. In 1804 Mack was practically Chief of Staff of the Austrian army and was tasked with wide-ranging reforms. In 1805 he was appointed QMG and Aide to Erzherzog Ferdinand, commander of the Austrian army in southern Germany. The consequences were the debacle of Ulm where Mack generated so much chaos and confusion in his army that it was no longer capable of functioning. He ignored valid intelligence reports of French advances and on 15 October, he was forced to capitulate with most of his army. After the end of the 1805 war, Mack was court-martialled and sentenced to death, but this was commuted to him being cashiered, stripped of his honours and being imprisoned for two years. At Prince Schwarzenberg's initiative, Mack was rehabilitated in 1815 (1819 ?) and given back his rank of FML and pension. He died in St. Pölten on 22 October 1828.

Printed Sources
ADB 20, p.8ff. | Bodart, p.326, 363, 365 | Hirtenfeld 1, p.272ff. | Hollins, p.46ff. | Leppa, (Konrad) Joseph Franz: Feldmarschall-Leutnant Heinrich Schmitt. Ein Soldatenleben, Ph.D. thesis, Vienna 1926, p.138 | MD 3, p.158 | MD 8, p.3 (with corrections) | MilSchem | NDB 15, p.614f. | Nekrolog 1828/2, N°297 (p.755ff.) | Regele, p.28 | Wrede, DR6, pp.292, 297 (wrong: b. Neußlingen), 404, 927 | Wrede 3, p.159 | Wrede (6), p.41 | Wurzbach 16, p.211ff. | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.108-110

Internet Sources
Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/mack.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 
 M3
Maelcamp, Johann Baptist Seraphim Freiherr von

Personal Information
Born: 14.11.1730 (baptism)
Died: 04.1797

Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 09.09.1786 (w.r.f. 03.09.1786)
Retired: 09.09.1786

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
– (?)

Printed Sources
Guillaume, p.380 | MilSchem

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 
 M4
Magdeburg, Karl Friedrich von

Personal Information
Born: 17??
Died: Vienna-Döbling, 31.07.1803

Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 15.05.1784 (w.r.f. 01.05.1784)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 19.07.1801 (w.r.f. 17.07.1801)

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Director-General of the River-Navigation and Commander of the Oberst-Schiffamt (= Chief of the Pontooneers): 08.1773 – 07.1801

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
– (?)

Printed Sources
MilSchem | (Wurzbach 16, p.261) | Zivkovic, Heerführer, p.21

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 
 M5
Maillard, (Nikolaus) Sebastian von

Personal Information
Born: Lunéville / Lorraine / France, 30.10.17461
Died: Vienna, 19.12.18222

Name Variants
(French) Nicolas-Sébastien de Maillard

Family Status
Married: 1779 Elisabeth Turner

Promotions
Major: 17893
Oberstleutnant: 1794
Oberst: 1797
Generalmajor: 13.07.1801 (w.r.f. 02.07.1801)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 17.02.1812

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)


Printed Sources
ADB 20, p.105ff. (wrong: FML in 1811) | Blasek/Rieger 1/I, p.389 | Gatti, IngAk, p.282 (wrong: Mjr in 1790) | MD 3, p.162 | MilSchem | ÖMZ, year 1824, vol.4, p.98ff.: Nekrolog des kaiserlich-östreichischen Feldmarschall-Lieutenants Sebastian von Maillard | Petiot, p.350f. | Ritter, p.355ff. | Wurzbach 16, p.307f.

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

Notes
1) Petiot: 30.10.1747 (?)
2) ÖMZ / Petiot: 22.12.1822 (?)
3) Blasek/Rieger 1/I, p.389: 1790 (?)


 

 M6
Majthany, David von

Personal Information
Born: 17??
Died: 22.10.1810

Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 29.10.1800 (w.r.f. 18.12.1800)
Retired: 1809

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
– (?)

Printed Sources
MilSchem

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 
 M7
Malowetz von Malowitz und Kosorz, Johann Joseph Freiherr

Personal Information
Born: Miltschin (Milicin) / Bohemia, 23.11.1737
Died: 09.10.1816

Name Variants
also: Malowez / also: Malowiz / also: Kosorž

Family Status
Married: Josepha Freiin von Forgatsch (17??-1826)

Promotions
Major: 1789
Oberstleutnant: 1793
Oberst: 1794
Generalmajor: 16.02.1799 (w.r.f. 09.02.1799)
Retired: 1799

Elevation of Social Status
Freiherr: 14.02.1781 (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
I.R. Chamberlain

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)


Printed Sources
Doerr, p.260 | Kneschke 6, p.95f. | Leitner 2, p.53f. | MD 3, p.166 | MilSchem (year 1817, p.586 "Sterbefälle 1816": mentioned as member of the Elisabeth Theresian Military Foundation ?) | Svoboda 1, col.13 (Member of the Elisabeth Theresian Military Foundation ?) | Wurzbach 16, p.339

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 
 M8
Mancini, Salvator Emil von

Personal Information
Born: Ascoli / Papal State, 1752
Died: 12.11.1818

Promotions
Major: 1793
Oberstleutnant: 1797
Oberst: 18001
Generalmajor: 10.1807 (w.r.f. 16.06.1805)

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Fortress Commandant of Theresienstadt: 11.1807 – 12.11.1818

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)


Printed Sources
Blasek/Rieger 1/I, p.392 | Gatti, IngAk, p.231f. | MilSchem | WZ, 19.12.1807

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

Notes
1) Blasek/Rieger 1/I, p.392: 1801 (?)


 

 M9
Mandell, Johann Michael Freiherr von

Personal Information
Born: Fort-Louis / Alsace / France, 25.12.1749
Died: Jarmeritz (Jaromerice nad Rokytnou) / Moravia, 12.03.1799

Name Variants
(French) Jean-Michel Baron de Mandell

Family Status
Married: 1781 Marie-Elisabeth de Ficquelmont

Promotions
France:
Colonel:
Left French service: 09.05.1792
Army Condé: 09.05.1792
Into Austrian service: 16.01.1793
Oberst: 16.01.1793
Generalmajor: 25.04.1798 (w.r.f. 21.04.1798)

Elevation of Social Status
plain nobility (Freiherr ?) (by elevation of a family member): 14.04.1767

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
– (?)

Printed Sources
MilSchem | Petiot, p.355

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 

 M10
Manfredini, Friedrich Marchese

Personal Information
Born: Rovigo / Venetia, 24.08.1743
Died: Campo Verardo near Padua / Venetia, 19.09.1829

Name Variants
(Italian) Federigo Marchese di Manfredini

Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 25.09.1789 (w.r.f. 17.09.1789)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 01.01.1802
Quit: 1809

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Grand Master of the Household to Grandduke Ferdinand III. of Tuscany
State Minister in Salzburg (electorate): 02.1804 – 01.03.1806

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of St. Stephen – GC: 1792
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°12: 1792-1809

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
Tuscany:
Order of St. Stephen – GC
Würzburg / Tuscany
Order of St. Joseph – GC

Printed Sources
Emmer, Johannes: Erzherzog Ferdinand III., Großherzog von Toscana, als Kurfürst von Salzburg, Salzburg 1878 | MD 3, p.168 (wrong: d. 02.09.1829) | Megerle, p.185 | MilSchem | Wrede 1, p.199 | Wurzbach 16, p.371f.

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Szentváry-Lukács


 

 M11
Marcant von Blankenschwert, Michael Joseph Ritter
Marcant von Blankenschwert, Michael Joseph Freiherr

Personal Information
Born: Frauenmarkt (Bát, Bátovce) / Com. Hont / Hungary, 1752
Died: Sepsi-Szent-György (Sfintu Gheorghe) / Transylvania, 25.03.1831

Family Status
Married: 1782 Josepha Peller von Ehrenberg

Promotions
Second-Major: 16.03.1799
Premier-Major: 02.02.1800
Oberstleutnant: 01.09.1800
Oberst: 01.1806
Generalmajor: 22.07.1809
Retired: 1809

Elevation of Social Status
Freiherr: 23.01.18051

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 05.05.1802

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)


Printed Sources
Frank 3, p.191 | Frank-Döfering, 2567 | Hirtenfeld 1, p.711ff. | MD 3, p.171 | MilSchem | Petiot, p.359 | Wurzbach 16, p.415ff. | WZ, 25.11.1809

Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

Notes
1) Petiot: 30.08.1805 (?)


 

 M12
Marchal de Perclat, (Ignaz) Peter
Marchal de Perclat, (Ignaz) Peter Freiherr

Personal Information
Born: Blâmont / Lorraine, 16.12.1764
Died: Vienna, 27.01.1823

Name Variants
(French) Ignace-Pierre Baron Marchal de Perclat
also: Marschal (German) / wrong: Perelat

Promotions
Major: 1797
Oberstleutnant: 1800
Oberst: 1st H. 1804
Generalmajor: 15.08.1808
Feldmarschalleutnant: 26.07.1813

Elevation of Social Status:
Freiherr: 27.12.1819

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of Leopold – CC: 01.06.1814
Order of the Iron Crown 3rd cl.: 12.02.1816
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°41: 1817 – 27.01.1823

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
France:
Military Order of St. Louis – KC: 1818 / CC: 1819

Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Peter Ignaz Marchal de Perclat was born on 16 December 1764. On 15 August 1808, he was promoted to Generalmajor and on 26 July 1813 to Feldmarschalleutnant. At the beginningo the 1813 campaign he commanded a division in the Army of Inner Austria, operating in Italy. On 7 October 1813, he was in Frimont's corps, which took Tarvis from GdD Baron Pierre-Guillaume Gratien's 2nd Division of GdD Comte Paul Grenier's Corps de Gauche. On 3 December, he took the villages of Rovigo and Boara from GdB Baron Vincent-Martel De Conchy's brigade. In 1814 he was in the blockading force at Venice. He died on 27 January 1823.

Printed Sources
Frank-Döfering, 2607 | Granichstädten-Czerva, Rudolf von: Andreas Hofers alte Garde, Innsbruck 1932, p.213 | Leitner 2, p.128f. | MD 3, p.172 | MilSchem | Petiot, p.362 | Svoboda 1, col.110f. | Wrede 1, p.409 | Wurzbach 16, p.417 | WZ, 03.09.1808, 31.07.1813, 14.10.1813, 27.06.1814, 20.02.1816

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 

 M13
Mariássy de Marcusfalva, Andreas
Mariássy de Márkus- et Batiszfálva, Andreas Freiherr

Personal Information
Born: Botzdorf (Batizfalva, Batizovce) / Com. Zips (Szepes) / Hungary, 1759
Died: Kaschau (Košice, Kassa) / Com. Abaúj-Torna / Hungary, 17.06.1846

Promotions
Major: 07.1799
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst: 01.09.1805
Generalmajor: 30.05.18091
Feldmarschalleutnant: 22.09.1813
Feldzeugmeister (title a.h.): 09.05.1832
Retired: 09.05.1832

Elevation of Social Status
Freiherr: 1811 (with additional predicate: "et Batiszfálva")

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 13.07.1809
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°37: 1813 – 17.06.1846
I.R. Privy Councillor: 1832
I.R. Chamberlain

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
Russia:
Order of St. Anne 1st cl.

Printed Sources
Borus, p.39f. | Hirtenfeld 2, p.1038ff. | Hoen, 1809/IV, p.802, note 1 | MD 3, p.178 | MilSchem | Rupprecht, IR60, p.44f., 84 and appendix, p.11 | Wrede 1, p.384 | Wurzbach 16, p.442f. | WZ, 20.03.1811 | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.41

Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

Notes
1) Rupprecht, IR60, appendix, p.11: 23.05.1809 (?)


 

 M14
Marquette, Stephan von

Personal Information
Born: 17??
Died: Zara (Zadar) / Dalmatia, 25.02.1833

Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 17.04.1801 (w.r.f. 13.04.1801)
Feldmarschalleutnant (title a.h.): 25.04.1828
Retired: 25.04.1828

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
City and Fortress Commandant of Zara: 1800/01-1806
Fortress Commandant of Karlstadt: 1806-1809
Fortress Commandant of Arad: 1811/12 – 03./04.1814
Fortress Commandant of Zara: 03./04.1814 – 25.04.1828

Field Service (1792-1815)
Chief of the Quartermaster General Staff ad interim of the Army of Italy: 03.-04.1796

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
Sardinia-Piedmont:
Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus – KC: before 1796

Printed Sources
MilSchem | Regele, p.29 | WZ, 29.06.1814 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, p.109

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 

 M15
Martini, Joseph
Martini, Joseph von

Personal Information
Born: 17??
Died: (Temesvár / Com. Temes / Hungary ?), 28.01.1808

Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 21.08.1796 (w.r.f. 06.08.1794)

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Fortress Commandant of Temesvár: 1801 – 28.01.1808

Elevation of Social Status
plain nobility: 16.07.1804

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
– (?)

Printed Sources
Böhm 1, p. 415 | Frank 3, p.200 | Kneschke 6, p.153 | MilSchem | Preyer, p.115 | WZ, 20.02.1808

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 
 M16
Martonitz, Andreas von
Martonitz, Andreas Freiherr von

Personal Information
Born: Raab (Györ) / Hungary, 1768
Died: Vienna, 07.03.1855

Promotions
Major: 31.12.1799
Oberstleutnant: 09.10.1805
Oberst: 24.07.1808
Generalmajor: 30.03.18131
Feldmarschalleutnant: 03.07.1824
Feldzeugmeister: 11.06.1841
Retired: 08.01.18502

Elevation of Social Status
Freiherr: 27.07.1808

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Lieutenant Captain of the Hungarian Noble Life Guard: 01.01.1836 – 16.(08.?)01.1850

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC 19.12.1790
Order of St. Stephen – CC: 12.1840
2nd Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°52: 07.1825 – 07.03.1855
I.R. Privy Councillor: 12.1836

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)


Printed Sources
ADB 20, p.527ff. | Blasek/Rieger 1/I, pp.399, 486 | Doerr, p.277 | Frank 3, p.200 | Frank-Döfering, 2641 | Gatti, IngAk, p.326 | Hirtenfeld 1, p.332ff. | MilSchem | MZ, year 1855, N°29 (from 08.03.1855), p.176 and N°33 (from 17.03.1855), p.199f. | Wurzbach 17, p.62ff. | Wrede 1, p.478 | Wrede (6), p.62 | WZ, 03.08.1808, 08.06.1813 | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.42

Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Szentváry-Lukács

Notes
1) MZ N°33: 05.04.1813 (?)
2) MZ N°33: 16.01.1850 (?)


 

 M17
Marziani, Franz
Marziani von Sacile, Franz
Marziani von Sacile, Franz Ritter

Personal Information
Born: Vienna, 12.04.1763
Died: Linz / Upper Austria, 08.10.1840

Family Status
Married: Karoline List (1783-1842)

Promotions
Major: 1797
Oberstleutnant: 1799
Oberst: 1800
Generalmajor: 01.09.1807 (w.r.f. 01.08.1805)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 15.07.1812
Feldzeugmeister (title a.h.): 12.06.1835
Retired: 12.06.1835

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
City and Fortress Commandant of Prague: 1825 – 12.06.1835

Elevation of Social Status
plain nobility: 09.07.1812 (with predicate: "von Sacile")
Ritter: 02.08.1818

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)


Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
Sardinia-Piedmont:
Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus – GC: before 1796

Printed Sources
Frank 3, p.200 | Frank-Döfering, 2645, 2646 | Gatti, IngAk, p.326f. | Kneschke 6, p.159 | MD 8, p.21 | MilSchem | WZ, 18.11.1807, 05.09.1812 | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.41

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 

 M18
Mathesen, (Johann) Andreas von
Mathesen, (Johann) Andreas Freiherr von

Personal Information
Born: around 1718
Died: Preßburg (Pozsony, Bratislava) / Hungary, 27.05.1793

Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 13.02.1767 (w.r.f. 10.01.1759)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 01.05.1773 (w.r.f. 12.02.1767)
Feldzeugmeister: 03.04.1784 (w.r.f. 23.03.1784)

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Commanding General in Slavonia and Syrmia: 07.1773 – 04.1784

Elevation of Social Status
Freiherr: 27.10.1770

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantery Regiment N°42: 1775 – 27.05.1793
I.R. Privy Councillor

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)


Printed Sources
Frank 3, p.202 | Megerle, p.300 | MilSchem | Wrede 1, p.417 | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.35 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, p.68

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 
 M19
Matthyasovszky de Alsó-Matthásfalva, Ezechiel

Personal Information
Born: 06.02.1730
Died: Winschendorf (Windischdorf, Tótfalu, Slovenska Ves) / Com. Zips (Szepes) / Hungary, 11.12.1806

Name Variants
also: Matthiasovsky

Promotions
Major: 07.07.1789
Oberstleutnant: 1790
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 04.08.1798 (w.r.f. 03.08.1798)
Retired: 04.08.1798

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
– (?)

Printed Sources
Amon, HR1, pp.90, 106, 494, 496 (wrong first name: "Emil") | MilSchem

Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 
M20
Mauroy de Merville, Franz Freiherr

Personal Information
Born: Löwen (Leuven) / Austrian Netherlands, 1759
Died: 03.04.1816

Name Variants
also: Mouroy

Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant: 1800
Oberst: 1805
Generalmajor: 18.05.1809
Feldmarschalleutnant: 02.09.1813

Field Service (1792-1815)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of Caldiero: 15.11.1813 (–)
Commander of the Reserve Corps of the Army of Italy: 06.-07.1815

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 18.08.1801 / CC: 08.03.1814
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°23: 06.01.1815 – 03.04.1816

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
Russia:
Order of St. Anne 1st cl.

Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Born in 1759 Mauroy de Merville received his promotion to Generalmajor on 18 May 1809. At Wagram and Znaim, he commanded a brigade in D'Aspre's grenadier division, VI Corps.
On 2 September 1813, he was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant. On 15 November 1813, he was in FML Radivojovich's corps, that was defeated by Prince Eugene at Caldiero. On 6 July 1815, he clashed successfully with the French at Nantua and again at Fort L'Ecluse over the next two days. He died on 3 April 1816.

Printed Sources
ADB 20, p.710f. | Bodart, p.465 | Buschek, IR23, II, p.513 | Gatti, IngAk, p.289f. | Hirtenfeld 2, p.1169ff. | Hoen, 1809/IV, p.765, note 3 | MD 8, p.24 | MilSchem | Wrede 1, p.278 | Wurzbach 17, p.153f. | WZ, 09.09.1813 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, p.134

Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 

 M21
Mayer, Georg Joseph von

Personal Information
Born: Vienna, 30.05.17741
Died: (Vienna ?), 19.02.1818

Promotions
Major: 1800
Oberstleutnant: 1805
Oberst: 1806
Generalmajor: 30.05.1809
Retired: 07.10.1815

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)


Printed Sources
Hoen, 1809/IV, p.802, note 1 | MilSchem | Pizzighelli, DR10, p.234, 241, 262, 422 | Svoboda 1, col.204f. (wrong: GM on 25.05.1809) | WZ 11.01.1809

Internet Sources

Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

Notes
1) Svoboda 1, col.204: 30.05.1773 (?)


 

 M22
Mayer, Joseph Georg Ritter von

Personal Information
Born: Moschotz (Mosóc, Mošovce) / Com. Neutra (Nyitra) / Hungary, 1767
Died: Valenti (n.l.) / Galicia, 09.02.1813

Promotions
Major: 04.1800
Oberstleutnant: ~ 1801
Oberst: 04.1804
Generalmajor: 15.08.1808

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 1810
Order of Leopold – KC: 07.01.1809

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
– (?)

Printed Sources
Hirtenfeld 2, p.1031ff. | Leitner 2, p.457 (partly mixed up with M21; wrong: Oberst in 1806 / GM in 1809) | MilSchem | Wurzbach 18, p.147ff. | WZ 03.09.1808, 01.04.1813

Internet Sources

Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 

 M23
Mayer, Karl Ferdinand von

Personal Information
Born: 17??
Died: 24.02.1798

Name Variants
also: Mayr, Meyer

Family Status
Married: 1780 Maria Anna von Bender (17?? – nach 1798)

Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor (a.h.): 31.01.1796

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
– (?)

Printed Sources
MilSchem | Roschach, Julius: Die Genealogie der Patrizierfamilie Bender in Gengenbach. In: Die Ortenau. Veröffentlichungen des Historischen Vereins für Mittelbaden, year 1992, Offenburg 1992, p.174

Internet Sources

Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 

 M24
Mayer, Anton
Mayer von Heldensfeld, Anton
Mayer von Heldensfeld, Anton Freiherr

Personal Information
Born: Prague (Praha) / Bohemia, 09.12.1764
Died: Verona / Venetia, 02.06.1842

Family Status
Brother of M25

Promotions
Major: 1795
Oberstleutnant: 1796
Oberst: 1799
Generalmajor: 01.09.1805 (30.01.1804)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 10.09.1809
Feldzeugmeister (title a.h.): 08.02.1836
Retired: 08.02.1836

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Chief of the Quartermaster General Staff: 01.1806 – 19.02.1809
Fortress Commandant of Brod (Brody ?): 19.02.1809 – 1813
Fortress Commandant of Mantua: 28.04.1814 – 08.02.1836

Field Service (1792-1815)
Chief of the Quartermaster General Staff of the Army of Italy: 03.-04.1797
Chief of the Quartermaster General Staff of the Army of Germany: 09.1805
Chief of the Quartermaster General Staff of the Army of the Tyrol: 11.1805

Elevation of Social Status
plain nobility (by elevation of his father): 23.05.1777 (with predicate: "von Heldensfeld")
Freiherr: 21.05.1816

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 18.08.1801
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°45: 05.11.1816 – 02.06.1842
I.R. Privy Councillor: 1831

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
Russia:
Order of St. Anne 1st cl.

Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Anton Mayer von Heldensfeld was born on 9 December 1764, in Prague. In 1793 he was a captain.
By 1796, he was chief of staff of the Army of the Lower Rhine under Archduke Carl. He fought at Wetzlar (15 June), Malsch (9 July), Neresheim (11 August), Amberg (24 August), Würzburg (2 September), Schliengen (24 October) and at the siege of Kehl (10 November 1796 – 9 January 1797). In 1797, he was again chief-of-staff to Archduke Carl, this time in Italy. In March 1799, he was again with Archduke Carl, this time as chief-of-staff to FML Sztaray's corps on the River Neckar. In March 1800, he was posted to Lemberg, Galicia. On 1 September 1805, he was promoted to Generalmajor and appointed chief-of-staff to Archduke Johann's corps, in Innsbruck, defending the Strub, Scharnitz and Leutasch passes. On 19 February 1809, he fell out with Archduke Carl and was posted to Brod, Croatia as fortress commander. On 10 September 1809, he was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant. Upon his retirement on 8 February 1836, he was promoted to Feldzeugmeister. He died on 2 June 1842.

Printed Sources
ADB 21, p.130ff. (wrong: FML in 1810) | Angeli, Carl 4, p.12 | Dragoni, IR45, p.244ff. | Frank 3, pp.211, 235 | Frank-Döfering, 2678 | Hirtenfeld 1, p.606ff. | Hollins, p.48f. (wrong: b. 1765) | Kneschke 6, p.189 | Leitner 2, p.126ff. | MilSchem | Regele, p.30 | Svoboda 1, col.111f. (wrong: GM in 1801) | Wrede 1, p.435 | Wrede (6), p.41 | Wurzbach 18, p.83ff. | WZ, 25.11.1809 | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.41 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.109, 110

Internet Sources

Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/mayer.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

Notes
1) Leitner 2: 1794 (?)


 
 M25
Mayer von Heldensfeld, Johann

Personal Information
Born: Planitz (Plánice) / Bohemia, 25.05.1768
Died: Vienna, 23.02.1839

Family Status
Brother of M24

Promotions
Major: 04.06.1801
Oberstleutnant: 12.03.1805
Oberst: 1809
Generalmajor: 26.07.1813
Retired: 1832

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Fortress Commandant of Arad: 1826-1832

Elevation of Social Status
plain nobility (by elevation of his father): 23.05.1777 (with predicate: "von Heldensfeld")

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)


Printed Sources
Kneschke 6, p.189 | Leitner 2, p.146 | MilSchem | Svoboda 1, col.145 | (Wurzbach, 18, p.85) | WZ, 31.07.1813, 14.10.1813

Internet Sources

Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 

 M26
Mayersheim von Ehrenreich, Honorius Freiherr

Personal Information
Born: 17??
Died: Peterwardein (Petrovaradin, Pétervarád) / Slavonia, 14.09.17991

Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 27.05.1789 (w.r.f. 15.04.1789)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 21.08.1796 (w.r.f. 14.02.1794)

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Fortress Commandant of Peterwardein: 1st H. 1799 – 14.09.1799

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
– (?)

Printed Sources
MilSchem

Internet Sources

Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

Notes
1) Schmidt-Brentano: 13.09.1799 (?)


 

 M27
Mazzuchelli, Alois Graf

Personal Information
Born: Brescia / Lombardy, 17.09.17761
Died: 05.08.1868

Name Variants
also: Mazzucchelli

Family Status
Married: 1800 Pauline d’Eydery de St. Laurent (1784-1859)

Promotions
Italy (France):
General of Brigade: 1808
General of Division: 1814
Into Austrian service: 1814
Feldmarschalleutnant: 02.07.1814
Feldzeugmeister: 15.09.1834
Retired: 01.04.1844

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Commanding General in Moravia and Silesia: 06.1834 – 08.1839
Fortress Governor of Mantua: 1839 – 01.04.1844

Elevation of Social Status
(österreichischer) Graf (Austrian count): 07.04.1831

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of Leopold – CC: 23.07.1815
Order of the Iron Crown 2nd cl.: 12.02.1816
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°10: 1817 – 05.08.1868
I.R. Privy Councillor: 1834

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
Baden:
Order of Military Merit of Charles Frederick – CC
Italy (France):
Order of the Iron Crown 2nd cl.
Papal State:
Order of St. Gregor – GC/2nd cl.: 1834

Printed Sources
ADB 21, p.150f. | Frank 3, p.218 | Kneschke 6, p.197 | MD 3, p.192 | MilSchem | Wrede 1, p.182 | Wurzbach 17, p.216 | WZ, 07.08.1814, 01.09.1815, 20.02.1816 | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.41 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, p.53

Internet Sources

Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

Notes
1) Schmidt-Brentano: 17.06.1776 (?)
 


 M28
Mécsery de Tsoor, Daniel
Mécsery de Tsoor, Daniel Freiherr

Personal Information
Born: Güns (Köszeg) / Com. Eisenburg (Vas) / Hungary, 29.09.1759
Died: Vienna, 30.12.1823

Promotions
Major: 17.12.1796
Oberstleutnant: 31.08.1797
Oberst: 08.05.1798
Generalmajor: 29.10.18001 (w.r.f. 15.01.1801)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 12.02.18092

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Adlatus of the Commanding General in the Banal Military Border: 1808/09
Adlatus of the Commanding General in the Karlstadt-Warasdin Military Border: 02.-11.1809
Commanding General ad interim in the Banat: 1811 – 07.1813
Commanding General ad interim in Moravia and Silesia: 12.1813 – 07.1814

Field Service (1792-1815)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of Lambach: 19.12.1800 (–)

Elevation of Social Status
Freiherr: 29.10.1806 (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 11.05.1796 / CC: 01.03.1808
Golden Civil Honor Cross 1813/14: 16.09.1815
2nd Colonel-Proprietor of the Hussar Regiment N°2: 1809 – 30.12.1823
I.R. Privy Councillor: 1819

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)


Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Daniel Mécsery de Tsoor was born on 29 September 1759, in Güns (Köszeg), in Hungary, just south of the Neusiedler See. In 1792, he was an adjutant to Oberst Graf von Keglevich, commander of Infantry Regiment N°33 "Graf von Sztáray". In 1793/94, he was adjutant to GM Freiherr Ott von Bartokéz. On 11 May 1796, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresian Order. In this year he fought as an officer in Hussar Regiment "Barco" N°35 and was distinguished in the battle of Biberach on 1 October. In 1798, he was promoted to Oberst and given command of his regiment. In the battle of Stockach (25 March 1799) he rescued the mortally wounded GM Karl Christoph von Piaczeck from a mob of French soldiers. On 29 October 1800, he was promoted to Generalmajor and commanded the Avantgarde in the battle of Hohenlinden on 3 December. For the 1805 campaign Mécsery commanded an infantry brigade in Hessen-Homburg's division and was distinguished in the battle of Elchingen on 14 October. For this he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the MMTO on 1 March 1808. In 1809, he commanded an Insurrections cavalry brigade in the left wing at the battle of Raab on 14 June. On 12 February 1809, he was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant. He died on 30 December 1823.

Printed Sources
ADB 21, p.163ff. | Amon, HR10, pp.169, 179, 216ff. (wrong: b. 1760) | Bodart, p.358 | Böhm 1, p.414 | Borus, p.40f. | Hirtenfeld 2, p.813ff. (wrong: b. 1760) | MD 8, p.27 | MilSchem | ÖBL 6, p.180 | Preyer, p.115 | Wrede 3, p.238 | Wurzbach 17, p.231 | WZ, 30.09.1815 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.53, 65, 69

Internet Sources

Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/mecsery.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

Notes
1) Amon, HR10, p.216f.: 28.10.1800 (?)
2) Amon, HR10, p.220: 16.02.1809 (?)


 

 M29
Mécsery de Tsoor, (Karl) Johann
Mécsery de Tsoor, (Karl) Johann Freiherr

Personal Information

Born: Raab (Györ) / Hungary, 24.06.17701
Died: Linz / Upper Austria, 26.12.1832

Family Status

Married: Anna von Zalka (?-1836)

Promotions

Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst: 1809
Generalmajor: 12.05.1813
Feldmarschalleutnant: 15.05.1825
Retired: 31.07.1832

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)

Military Commander in Upper Austria (Linz): 11.1830 – 31.07.1832

Elevation of Social Status

Freiherr: 29.10.1806

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)

Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 14.09.1809
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°51: 02.1822 – 26.12.1832
I.R. Chamberlain

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)

Russia:
Order of St. Anne 1st cl.: 1818

Printed Sources

Hirtenfeld 2, p.985ff. | MD 8, p.27 | MilSchem | Schmedes, IR28, pp.293, 308 | Wrede 1, p.471 | Wurzbach 17, p.235f. | WZ, 01.07.1813 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, p.73

Internet Sources

Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

Notes

1) MD / Schmidt-Brentano: 25.06.1770 (?)


 

 M30
Melas, Michael Friedrich Benedikt Freiherr von

Personal Information

Born: Radeln bei Schäßburg (Rados, Roadas) / Transylvania, 12.05.1729
Died: Elbeteinitz (Týnec nad Labem) / Bohemia, 31.05.1806

Family Status

Married: 1769 Josepha Lok von Netzky

Promotions

Major: 04.1772
Oberstleutnant: 11.1777
Oberst: 11.1781
Generalmajor: 18.06.1789 (w.r.f. 15.06.1789)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 11.06.1794 (w.r.f. 01.05.1794)
General der Kavallerie: 03.02.1799 (w.r.f. 02.02.1799)
Retired: 10.01.1803

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)

Commanding General in Venetia: 04.1799 – 09.1800
Commanding General in Inner Austria and the Tyrol: 09.1800 – 04.1801
Commanding General in Bohemia: 04.1801 – 01.01.1803

Field Command (1792-1815)

Commander of the Army of Italy: 04.1799 – 15.09.1800
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of Savigliano: 18.09.1799 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of Centallo: 31.10.1799 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of Genola: 04.11.1799 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of Mondovi: 13.11.1799 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of Cadibuona: 06.04.1800 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of Sassello: 10.04.1800 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of Voltri: 18.04.1800 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of Marengo: 14.06.1800 (–)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)

Military Maria Theresian Order – CC: 15.05.1799
Colonel-Proprietor of the Cuirassier Regiment N°6 / (since 1802:) Dragoon Regiment N°6: 21.06.1799 – 31.05.1806

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)

– (?)

Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)

Born on 12 May 1720 in radeln near Schässburg (now Sigishoara) in Transylvania Melas joined the Austrian army in 1752, went into the Infantry Regiment "Arenberg" N°21 and fought in the Seven Years War as ADC to FM Leopold Graf von Daun. In 1771 he transferred to Infantry Regiment "Batthyány" N°34, as major; six years later, he was Oberstleutnant, commanding a grenadier battalion. In 1778, he transferred to Carabinier Regiment N°15; in November 1781, he was promoted to Oberst in Cürassier Regiment " Trauttmannsdorff" N°21. He transferred again, in 1788 to Chevauxleger Regiment "Lobkowitz" N°28. From 1787-92 he fought with this regiment against the Turks in Syrmia and in the Banat. He was also in action at Belgrade on 22 July 1788 and in the withdrawal from Karanzebes, later that year.
On 18 June 1789, Melas was promoted to Generalmajor and commanded a brigade in the corps of GdK Graf von Kinsky. He fought in the campaigns of 1793 on the Sambre and 1794 on the Rhine (in Blankenstein's corps), was at the siege of Mainz in 1793, and at that of Mannheim in 1794. In September 1794, he was fighting at Spangen and Oberkail, some 38 km north of Trier. Melas was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant on 11 June of that year. On 1 December 1794, he defeated an attack by a superior French force under GdD Kleber at Zahlbach. In the 1795 campaign, he was effective in the victory at Mainz, the capture of Mannheim and the occupation of the west bank of the River Rhine from the River Nahe to Speyerbach.
In 1796 Melas commanded a division in Italy under FZM Beaulieu. After the battle of Lodi (10 May), he commanded the Reserve of 4,500 men at Olioso. When the Mincio line was broken at Borghetto on 30 May, he withdrew up into the Tyrol. After Beaulieu resigned his command in June Melas took over until Wurmser arrived in mid-July. Melas then commanded Wurmser's left hand column on the east side of Lake Garda in the advance down to Rivoli. On 29 July the Austrians attacked Massena who fell back to Pievetano after losing 2,800 men and 9 guns. Melas was in the second attempt to relieve Mantua in September 1796 and was shut up in the place until its capitulation in early 1797.
On 3 February 1799, he was promoted Feldzeugmeister, made Proprietor of Cuirassier Regiment N°6 and commanded the Austrian army in Italy. In the early part of the campaign he enjoyed much success together with Suvorov against the French at Cassano, on the Trebbia River and at Novi. Following the withdrawal of the Russians he continued to be successful at Savigliano and Fossano against GdD Jean-Etienne Championet. In 1800 he attacked Massena at Voltri and won again. He forced Massena's surrender in the siege of Genoa on 4 June but was then decisively beaten by Napoleon at Marengo ten days later. He had been wounded early in this battle, and when it seemed that the action had been won, he handed over command to General Zach, his Chief-of-Staff, and left the field. Unfortunately, his departure coincided with the arrival of General Dessaix's column on the field. The resultant French counter-attack captured Zach, and the leaderless Austrian army was routed.
Melas knew that he had not the resources to continue the campaign and was forced to conclude an armistice next day. He then signed the Convention of Alessandria giving the French control of Italy up to the Mincio River. As a token of his respect for his conduct, Napoleon presented Melas with a sabre which he had brought as a trophy from Egypt. Melas resigned and handed over his command to Bellegarde. This crushing victory enabled Napoleon to return to Paris and confim his position as political leader of the French. Austria's will to continue the war was broken. Melas retired on 10 January 1803 and died in on 31 May 1806 in Elbeteinitz in Bohemia.

Printed Sources

ADB 21, p.280ff. | Bodart, pp.342, 346-351, 355 | Hirtenfeld 1, p.541ff. | Hollins, p.26ff. | Kreipner, IR34, pp.166, 171, 177 | MilSchem | NDB 17, p.1f. | Strobl, DR12, pp.99, 115 | Victorin, DR7, pp.193 (wrong: b. 1735), 403 | Wrede 3, p.209 | Wrede (6), p.31 | Wurzbach 17, p.322ff. (wrong: b. 1735) | MD 4, p.5 (wrong: b. in Moravia, 1730) | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.37 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.51, 54, 60

Internet Sources

Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/melas.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 

 M31
Mensdorff-Pouilly, Emanuel Graf

Personal Information

Born: Pouilly-sur-Meuse / Lorraine / France, 24.01.1777
Died: Vienna, 28.06.1852

Name Variants

(French) Emmanuel Comte de Mensdorff-Pouilly

Family Status

Married: 1804 Sophie Prinzessin von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld (1778-1835)
Brother-in-law of S3 (Ernst I. von Sachsen-Coburg) and S4 (Ferdinand von Sachsen-Coburg-Koháry)

Promotions

Major: 22.02.1808
Oberstleutnant: 17.06.1809
Oberst: 17.08.1810
Quit: 1812
Re-Entry: 1813
Generalmajor: 15.05.18151
Feldmarschalleutnant: 20.08.1829
General der Kavallerie: 23.12.1845
Retired: 16.05.1848

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)

Fortress Commandant of Mainz: 1824-1829
Fortress Vice-Governor of Mainz: 1829-1833
Commanding General in Transylvania: 23.03.1833 – 06.1834
Commanding General in Bohemia: 08.05.1834 – 02.1840
Second Vice-President of the Aulic War Council: 1840 – 16.05.1848

Elevation of Social Status

österreichischer Graf (Austrian count): 29.11.1818 ("Mensdorff-Pouilly")

Chivalric Order

Knight of the Order of Malta

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)

Military Maria Theresian Order – KC. 1810
Order of Leopold – GC: 1843
2nd Colonel-Proprietor of the Hussar Regiment N°1: 26.06.1825 – 28.06.1852
I.R. Privy Councillor: 1834
I.R. Chamberlain: 1804 (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)

Belgium:
Order of Leopold – CC: 13.03.1845
Great Britain:
Order of Bath – GC: 1842
Hessen-Darmstadt:
Order of Ludwig – GC: 1831
Poland (Russia):
Order of the White Eagle: 1835
Prussia:
Order of the Black Eagle: 1847
Order of the Red Eagle 2nd cl.: 1825 / 1st cl.: 1829 / w.d.: 1834
Order Pour-le-Mérite
Russia:
Order of St. Alexander Nevskij: 1838
Order of St. George 4th cl.: 24.[12.]05.1814
Order of St. Vladimir 3rd cl.: 1813
Order of St. Anne 2nd cl.
Saxony:
Military Order of St. Henry – CC
Combined Saxonian Duchies:
Ernestine House Order – GC: 1834

Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)

Emanuel Graf Mensdorff-Pouilly was born on 24 January 1777 in Poilly-sur-Meuse in Lorraine; in 1792 he joined the Émigré movement and in the next year joined the Austrian army, in the cavalry. On 21 July 1796 he was badly wounded in the clash at Cannstadt on the River Neckar. In 1805 he was Rittmeister and active in leading the breakout of Jellachich's cavalry at Dornbirn on 13 November.
In the 1809 campaign Mensdorff was major in the Uhlan Regiment Merveldt N°1; he was distinguished and wounded in the victorious skirmish at Amberg on 13 April and again in the Austrian defeat at Regensburg on 23 April. For Amberg the Emperor awarded him the Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresian Order. He now became Oberstleutnant in the Fränkische Legion and raided French lines of communication in Franconia.
In 1813, as Oberst, he was appointed to command a Streifkorps in the Army of Bohemia, once again raiding the French communications. He harried the retreating French army after their defeat at the battle of Leipzig, and crossed the Rhine into France at Gernsheim, between Mainz and Worms. After the Napoleonic Wars Mensdorff reached the the rank of General der Kavallerie (1845) and was appointed to highest positions of the Austrian army. He died in Vienna on 28 June 1852.

Printed Sources

ADB 21, p.366ff. | Amon, HR1, p.383, 406ff. (wrong: b. in Nancy), 490 | Frank 4, p.102 | Frank-Döfering, 3480 | Hirtenfeld 2, p.906ff. | MD 4, p.8 | Petiot, p.371f. | MilSchem | Riedl, UR3, pp.290, 335 (wrong: d. in Prague, 1848) | Tassigny, Eddie de: Les Mensdorff-Pouilly. Le destin d'une famille émigrée en 1790, Bihorel 1998, pp.31ff., 36 (with several wrong dates) | Wrede 3, p.232 | Wurzbach 17, p.368ff. | WZ, 23.12.1809 | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.42 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.51, 58

Internet Sources

Jewison/Steiner
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/bohemia/mensdorff.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/mensdorff.html)
Vederman

Notes

1) Petiot: 25.05.1815 (?)


 
 M32
Mercandin, (Ignaz) Karl Graf

Personal Information

Born: 17??
Died: WIA Magnano / Venetia, 05.04.1799 à Verona / Venetia, 13.04.1799

Name Variants

also: Mercantin

Promotions

Major:
Oberstleutnant: 01.02.1777
Oberst: 20.07.1785
Generalmajor: 21.11.1792
Feldmarschalleutnant: 04.03.1796 (w.r.f. 12.10.1795)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)

– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)

– (?)

Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)

Ignaz Karl Graf von Mercandin was promoted to Generalmajor on 21 November 1792. In 1795, he commanded a cavary brigade in the garrison of Mainz. He was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant on 4 March 1796. In that year, he served in Erzherzog Carl's Army of the Lower Rhine as a divisional commander. Early in 1797, his division was sent down to reinforce the battered remnants of Alvinczy's Italian army. They reached Klagenfurth on 29 March. Erzherzog Carl, who had taken over from Alvinczy, now had about 30,000 troops left after the disasters of Rivoli and Tarvis. Mercandin was driven out of the town by Napoleon on 30 March and followed Erzherzog Carl to St Veith, east of Klagenfurt. In 1799 he was in Italy as commander of a division. At the outbreak of hostilities this division was at Bevilaqua, southeast of Verona, east of the River Adige. Mercandin was wounded at Magnano on 5 April 1799 and died on 13 April that same year.

Printed Sources

Allmayer-Beck, p.75 | MD 8, p.33 (w/o date of birth) | MilSchem | Wurzbach 17, p.383

Internet Sources

Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/mercantin.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 

 M33
Mercandin de Ruffin, Johann Baptist Graf

Personal Information

Born: 1748
Died: Vienna, 12.11.18131

Name Variants

also: Mercantin

Promotions

Major: 19.07.1788 (1789 ?)
Oberstleutnant: 1790
Oberst: 1796
Generalmajor: 06.03.1800 (w.r.f. 01.03.1800)
Retired: 1805

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)

Decoration of the Elisabeth Theresian Military Foundation: 1806

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)

– (?)

Printed Sources

Auer, N°179 | MD 8, p.33 | MilSchem | Victorin, DR7, pp.204 (Mjr on 19.07.1788 ?), 403, 405f. (Mjr in 1789 ?), 431 | Wurzbach 17, p.382

Internet Sources

Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

Notes

1) Schmidt-Brentano: 13.11.1813 (?)
 


 M34
Mercy d’Argenteau, Eugen Gillis Wilhelm Graf

Personal Information

Born: Huy (Hoei) / Austrian Netherlands, 30.12.1743
Died: Brünn (Brno) / Moravia, 04.05.1819

Name Variants

(French) Eugéne-Guillaume-Alexis Comte de Mercy d’Argenteau

Promotions

Major: 01.12.1773
Oberstleutnant: 1781
Oberst: 01.05.1784
Generalmajor: 09.10.17891 (w.r.f. 03.10.1789)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 04.03.1796 (w.r.f. 06.05.1795)
Feldzeugmeister: 06.09.1808

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)

Adlatus of the Commanding General in Moravia and Silesia: 1802/03 – 1809
City Commandant of Brünn: 1804-1808

Field Service (1792-1815)

Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of Montenotte: 11./12.04.1796 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of Dego: 14./15.04.1796 (–)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)

Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 11.05.1796
2nd Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°35: 1804 – 01.05.1809
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°35: 01.05.1809 – 04.05.1819
I.R. Chamberlain

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)



Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)

Eugen Gillis Wilhelm Graf Mercy d'Argenteau was born in 1743 in Huy, southwest of Liege. In 1760 he joined Infantry Regiment "Mercy d'Argentau" N°56. He was distinguished in the battle of Torgau on 3 November 1760 and at the storm of Schweidnitz in October 1761. In 1773 he transferred to Infantry Regiment N°16, then moved to Infantry Regiment "Loudon" N°29 on promotion to Major. In the Turkish wars (1787-1789) he was an Oberst and commanded his regiment. He was distinguished in the battle of Belgrade in the autumn of 1789.
In 1794 Mercy d'Argenteau was Generalmajor under FZM De Vins in the left wing of the army in Italy. On 24 March he was thrown out of the Mont Cenis post by GdB Henry-Amamble Sarret. On 19 September 1795 D'Argenteau launched an assault on the heights of Sucarello near Borghetto, which failed, and on 23 November he was pushed back by Massena and cut off from the army of Savoy under Colli. He then fell back over the Bormida River. On 11 May 1796, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresian Order. Early this same year, he was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant. In 1796 he was Division Commander in the army in Italy under Beaulieu and commanded the brigades of Lipthay, Rukavina, Pittoni and Sullich. He fought at Voltri on 10 April, but was beaten by Napoleon at Montenotte on the next two days. Due to a misunderstanding of a confused order from Beaulieu's staff, he suffered heavy losses at Dego on 14 April. In 1805 D'Argenteau commanded the centre of the army (five divisions) in Italy and fought at Caldiero. On 6 September 1808 he was promoted to Feldzeugmeister upon retirement. In 1809 he was appointed Full Proprietor of Infantry Regiment N°35. He died on 4 May 1819 in Vienna.

Printed Sources

ADB 1, p.524 | Bodart, p.306, 307 | Hirtenfeld 1, p.490f. | Hödl, IR29, pp.157f., 170, 580 (wrong: b. 1745) | May, IR35, pp.141, 146, 167 | MilSchem | ÖBL 1, p.28 | ÖMKL 1, p.125 | Sturm 1, p.25 (wrong: b. 1741) | Wrede 1, p.367 | Wurzbach 1, p.64 | WZ, 21.09.1808 | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.38 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, p.53

Internet Sources

Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/argenteau.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

Notes

1) Hödl, IR29, p.170: "mit Generalbefehl vom 14. Oktober [1789]"
 


 M35
Mercy d’Argenteau, Ludwig Oktavius Graf

Personal Information

Born: 13.10.1710
Died: Münster / Münster (prince-bishopric), 01.04.1802

Name Variants

(French) Louis-Octave-Denis Comte de Mercy d’Argenteau

Promotions

Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 18.03.1756
Feldmarschalleutnant: 18.04.1758 (w.r.f. 31.12.1756)
General der Kavallerie: 03.04.1784 (w.r.f. 30.08.1770)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)

– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)

– (?)

Printed Sources

MilSchem | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.34

Internet Sources

Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 

 M36
Mersics, Joseph (Franz) (Freiherr ?) von

Personal Information

Born: Dörgicse / Com. Zala / Hungary, 1721
Died: 30.03.18011

Promotions

Major: 01.09.1771
Oberstleutnant: 01.12.1780
Oberst: 01.05.1784
Generalmajor: 10.11.1788 (w.r.f. 21.11.1788)
Retired: 1788

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)

– (?)

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)

– (?)

Printed Sources

Blažekovič, IR31, I, p.112 / II, p.377f. | MilSchem

Internet Sources

Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

Notes

1) Blažekovič, IR31, II, p.378: 20.03.1801 (?)


 

 M37
Merveldt, Maximilian Graf von

Personal Information

Born: (Münster / Münster [prince-bishopric] ?), 29.07.1764
Died: London / England, 05.07.1815

Name Variants

also: Me(e)rfeld(t), Me(e)rveld, Me(e)rvelt

Family Status

Married: 1807 Maria Theresia Gräfin von Dietrichstein, the divorced Gräfin Kinsky (1768-1822) (see: K33)

Promotions

Major: 14.02.1790
Oberstleutnant: 03.04.1793
Oberst: 26.04.1794
Generalmajor: 08.09.1796 (w.r.f. 10.09.1796)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 04.09.1800 (w.r.f. 05.09.1800)
General der Kavallerie: 22.07.1813

Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)

Ambassador in St. Petersburg (Russia): 01.02.18061 – 19.06.1808 2
Fortress Governor of Theresienstadt: 22.07.- E.08.18133
Commanding General in Moravia and Silesia: 11.1813 – 05.07.1815
Envoy extraordinary in London (Great Britain): 07.03.1814 – 05.07.1815

Field Service (1792-1815)

Commander of the (autonomous) Reserve Corps of the Army of Germany: 15.10.1805 – 12.1805
Chief of the Quartermaster General Staff ad interim of the allied army: 10.-11.1805
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of Mariazell: 08.11.1805 (–)
Commander of the 2nd Army Detachment (= Army Corps): 09.-10.1813

Chivalric Order

Knight of the Teutonic Order (Bailiwick Franconia): 20.02.1792 – 18.03.1807 (resignation)
Commander of Mainz and Kloppenheim

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)

Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 07.07.1794
Order of Leopold – GC: 1814
Colonel-Proprietor of the Uhlan Regiment "Merveldt" / (since 1798:) N°1: 05.11.1797 – 05.07.1815
I.R. Privy Councillor: 25.10.1806
I.R. Chamberlain: 1797

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)

Russia:
Order of St. Alexander Nevskij: 02.11.1813
Sardinia-Piedmont:
Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus: 06.01.18074

Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)

Born on 29 June 1764 into an old Westfalian family which was ennobled in 1726 Count Merveldt entered Austrian military service in 1780 as a cadet and fought in the Turkish wars 1787-1789 as Captain and Flügel-Adjutant to FM Graf Lacy. Merveldt fought in the second Turkish war in the Freicorps Grün-Loudon. 1790 – Major on the staff of FM Loudon in Moravia; 1791 – spent a year as a novice in the Teutonic Order in Bonn.
In 1793 he fought at Neerwinden as major and Flügel Adjutant to the Prinz von Sachsen-Coburg, and was distinguished when he led two grenadier battalions to repel a French assault on the right wing. He was sent to Vienna with the news of the victory and was then attached to the Duke of York's staff. Merveldt distinguished himself at Famars and at Valenciennes and – in 1794 – again at Landrecy on 22 April, where he commanded the right wing. He was promoted on the field to Oberst; again distinguished at Tournay, he then he went on sick leave.
In 1796 he transferred to Chevauxleger Regiment "Karaczay" N°18; distinguished again at Wetzlar and Uckerath where he saved the Austrian artillery. He was promoted Generalmajor on 8 September of that year and commanded a cavalry brigade in Werneck's Reserve of the Army of the Lower Rhine.
In 1799 Merveldt was distinguished at Offenburg, for which he was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant on 4 September 1800. He signed the armistice of Kremsmünster with Moreau. At the defeat in the battle of Hohenlinden on 3 December Merveldt commanded a division in the left wing.
In 1805 he was initally in Berlin, but then travelled back to the Danube valley where he fought a series of rearguard actions with his corps being scattered at Gross-Ramig (Mariazell) by Marshal Davout on 8 November.
After this war, he acted as ambassador to St. Petersburg for over two years and was appointet Prive Councillor. In 1808 he was given command of a cavalry division in Lemberg. In the 1809 campaign, Merveldt covered the Bukowina and part of Galicia. He then spent three years in Moravia. On 22 July 1813 he was appointed governor of the fortress of Theresienstadt and shortly after that Commanding General in Moravia and Silesia. He then became commander of II Corps. He distinguished himself at Nollendorf (Kulm) on 29-30 August 1813. At Leipzig on 16 October Merveldt was wounded and captured, but released by Napoleon after a meeting, to take peace proposals to the allied monarchs. These were rejected out of hand. In January 1814 he was sent as extraordinary ambassador to London, where he died on 5 July 1815.

Printed Sources

ADB 21, p.476ff. | Bodart, p.368 | Erneuerte Vaterländische Blätter für den österreichischen Kaiserstaat, year 1815, N°79, p.499ff. | Hirtenfeld 1, p.419f. | Matsch, pp.114, 122 | MD 8, p.35 (wrong: b. 29.06.1764) | MilSchem | Repertorium 3, pp.89, 276, 280 | Ritter, p.179 (wrong: b. 29.06.1764) | Sapper, Christian: General der Kavallerie Maximilian Graf Merveldt 1764-1815, Ph.D. thesis, Vienna 1974 | Wrede 3, p.319 | Wurzbach 17, p.413ff. (wrong: b. 29.06.1764) | WZ, 14.10.1813, 27.01.1814, 19.02.1814, 25.08.1815 | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.39 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.53, 110, 129, 132

Internet Sources

Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/merveldt.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale

Notes

1) Until 24.08.1806 only provisional ambassador
2) Matsch, p.122: 14.08.1806 – 02.05.1808 (?)
3) Assumption on 10.08.1813
4) Date of the imperial permission to accept the order
 


 M38
Mesko de Felsö-Kubiny, Joseph Freiherr

Personal Information

Born: Erdö-Tarcsá / Com. Neograd (Nógrád) / Hungary, 28.01.1762
Died: Güns (Köszeg) / Com. Eisenburg (Vas) / Hungary, 29.08.1815

Promotions

Major: 31.08.1797
Oberstleutnant: 15.09.1800
Oberst: 26.11.1800
Generalmajor: 23.06.1808 (w.r.f. 13.08.1805)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 07.04.1813
Retired: 1814

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)

Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 18.08.1801 / CC: 25.08.1809

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)

– (?)

Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)

Joseph de Mesko Freiherr von Felsö-Kubiny was born on 28 January 1762 in Erdö-Tarcsá, northeast of Budapest, Hungary. In 1799, he fought as a Major in Italy and was distinguished at Verona, the capture of Casale, the capture of Turin, the relief of Ceva fortress and at Cuneo. In September 1800 he was promoted to Oberstleutnant and in the next month to Oberst. The following year Mesko was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresian Order. In the war of 1805, he commanded a garrison in upper Styria. He was promoted to Generalmajor in 1808 and in 1809, Mesko commanded a brigade of the Hungarian Insurrection Army. After the battle of Raab, on 14 June, he was completely cut off, with 5,000 men and 10 guns, in the redoubts between the Raab and the Raabnitz Rivers. In the following two days, he repelled repeated French attacks and even managed to take 7 officers and 300 men prisoner. On 16 June, he also managed to free a convoy of 36 Austrian officers and 500 men, which he ambushed at Kis-Szél. On 25 August 1809, he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the MMTO.
In 1813, as Feldmarschalleutnant, he commanded a division in GdK Graf von Klenau's IV Corps on the Army of Bohemia. At the battle of Dresden, 26 August, his division was cut off on the left wing, attacked by Latour-Maubourg's entire cavalry corps and forced to surrender after a hard fight. Mesko was wounded. He retired in September 1814 and died in Güns, in Hungary, southwest of the Neusiedler See, on 29 August 1815.

Printed Sources

ADB 21, p.485ff. | Amon, HR10, pp.177, 180ff. (wrong: b. 1757) | Erneuerte Vaterländische Blätter für den österreichischen Kaiserstaat, year 1815, N°86, p.542 | Hirtenfeld 2, p.880ff. | MD 8, p.35 | MilSchem | Ridler, J.W.: Der Rückzug des Generals Mesko nach der Schlacht bey Raab. In: Hormayer, Joseph von (Ed.): Taschenbuch für die vaterländische Geschichte, year 1813, Vienna 1813, p.247ff. | Wurzbach 17, p.424ff. | WZ, 09.07.1808, 11.05.1813, 08.06.1813

Internet Sources

Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/mesko.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale


 

 M39
Mészáros de Szoboszló, Johann

Personal Information

Born: Kún-Hegyes / Com. Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok / Hungary, 1737
Died: Csomaköz / Com. Szatmár / Hungary, 17.11.18011

Family Status

Married: Maria Diószeghi

Promotions

Major: 10.01.1774
Oberstleutnant: 01.11.1778
Oberst: 01.05.1784
Generalmajor: 14.08.17892 (w.r.f. 10.08.1789)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 04.03.1796 (w.r.f. 02.06.1794)
Retired: 28.02.1797

Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)