|
By Leopold
Kudrna, with Biographical Essays by Digby Smith.
Austrian
Generals
1792-1815
O
Oberndorf to Otto
| O1 |
Oberndorf,
Johann Friedrich |
Personal Information
Born: 17??
Died: Ofen (Buda) / Hungary, 27.01.1820
Name Variants
also: Oberdorf
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 12.02.18091
Retired: 1814
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
Amon, IR18, pp.343, 360 | MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Amon, IR18, p.360: 11.02.1809 (?)
| O2 |
Ocskay,
Joseph
Ocskay von Ocskó,
Joseph Freiherr |
Personal Information
Born: "Ocska" (Ocsko / Com. Neutra ?) / Hungary,
1740
Died: Dubova / Banat, 08.12.1805
Name Variants
also: Ócskay von Ócska
Promotions
Major: 1782
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 01.01.1794 (w.r.f. 08.11.1791)
Retired: 1797
Elevation of Social Status
Freiherr: 28.07.1790 (with predicate: "von
Ocskó")
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC:
21.12.1789
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Joseph Ocskay (since 1790:) Freiherr von Ocskó was
born in Hungary in 1740. On 1 January 1794, he was promoted to Generalmajor.
In 1796 he served as Infantry Brigadier in the Army of the Upper Rhine and then
in Italy. He was in Wurmser's main column in the first attampt to relieve Mantua.
On 31 July of that year he was beaten at Lonato by André Masséna's
division under Napoleon's command and lost over 500 men. Three days later he
defeated Masséna's rearguard under GdB Jean-Joseph-Magdelaine Pijon on
3 August at Lonato and took three guns off him. Pijon was captured.
Ocscay was then in Davidovich's Corps of the
Tyrol. As part of Alvinczy's third attempt to relieve Mantua, he fought at St.
Michele and Segonzano, on the Etsch, north of Trient, on 4 November, and at Calliano
on 6 and 7 November. Here he took the post at Mori and this forced GdD Vaubois
to retreat south to Rivoli. He also fought in the Austrian victory at Rivoli
on 17 November, and in their defeat there five days later.
He commanded an assault column at Rivoli again
on 14-15 January 1797 in Alvinczy's final attempt to relieve Mantua. His column,
and that of Köblös, was thrown off the plateau of Rivoli by the divisions
of Joubert and Masséna, just after disaster had struck Quosdanovich's
column, and lost 1,000 men captured. In the retreat out of Italy, he was attacked
by Masséna's division at Casa Sola on the Fella river on 20 March and
driven back with the loss of 500 men through Tarvis. Masséna now blocked
the escape route of Erzherzog Carl and the left wing of the Austrian army. Ocskay
retired in 1797 and died on 8 December 1805.
Printed Sources
Frank 4, p.4 | Hirtenfeld
1, p.260f. | MD 8, p.83 | MilSchem | Wurzbach
20, p.476f.
Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| O3 |
O’Donell
von Tyrconell, Karl Graf |
Personal Information
Born: Dublin / Ireland, 17551
Died: KIA Herbrechtingen / Swabia / Württemberg,
16.10.18052
Name Variants
also: O‘Donnell
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 06.03.1800 (w.r.f. 02.04.1800)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
Allmayer-Beck, p.76 | Duffy, p.382 | MilSchem | Schmidhofer,
p.197
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Schmidhofer, p.197: 1754 (?)
2)
Schmidt-Brentano: 17.10.1805 (?)
Personal Information
Born: Dublin / Ireland, 17131
Died: Ireland, 21.12.1793
Name Variants
also: O‘Donnell
Promotions
Major: 1758
Oberstleutnant: 1758
Oberst: 1767
Generalmajor: 23.01.1773 (w.r.f. 10.07.1770)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem | Schmidhofer, p.198
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Schmidhofer, p.198: 1724 (?)
| O5 |
Österreich,
Anton Victor Erzherzog von |
Personal Information
Born: Florence (Firenze) / Tuscany, 31.08.1779
Died: Vienna, 02.04.1835
Family Status
Son of Emperor Leopold II. (1747-1792)
Brother of O6, O8, O11, O13, O14, O15, O17
Nephew of O9
Cousin of O10, O12, O16
Uncle of O7
Unmarried
Promotions
Oberst: 1791
Generalmajor: –
Feldmarschalleutnant: –
Feldzeugmeister: 03.07.1804 (w.r.f. 30.06.1804)
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Viceroy of Lombardo-Venetia: 07.03.1816 – 18171
Chivalric Order
Coadjutor of the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order:
18.10.1803 –
30.06.1804
Grand Master of the Teutonic Order: 30.06.1804 – 02.04.1835
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Golden Fleece: 21.11.1792 – 22.10.18032
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°52:
1791-1804
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°4:
30.06.1804 – 02.04.1835
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
Amon, IR4, p.379 | Hamann, p.60f. | MilSchem | ÖBL
1, p.25 | Täubl, p.191 | Vlies-Orden, p.186, N°833 | Wrede
1, pp.140, 478 | Wurzbach 6, p.154ff. | WZ, 16.03.1816 | Zivkovic,
Generalität, p.37
Internet Sources
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg5.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html)
Notes
1)
Never assumed office.
2)
Had to relinquish the order when joining the Teutonic Order.
| O6 |
Österreich,
Carl Ludwig Johann Erzherzog von
Österreich,
Herzog von Teschen, Carl Ludwig Johann Erzherzog von
|
Personal Information
Born: Florence (Firenze) / Tuscany, 05.09.1771
Died: Vienna, 30.04.1847
Family Status
Son of Emperor Leopold II. (1747-1792)
Adopted Son of S8 (Sachsen-Teschen)
Brother of O5, O8, O11, O13, O14, O15, O17
Nephew of O9
Cousin of O10, O12, O16
Uncle of O7
Married: 1815 Henriette Prinzessin von Nassau-Weilburg
(1797-1829)
Promotions
Oberst: 1780
Generalmajor: 05.09.1792 (w.r.f. 11.06.1791)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 29.12.1793
Feldzeugmeister: 22.04.1794
Feldmarschall: 07.01.1801
Generalissimus: 10.02.1806 – 29.07.1809
Holy
Roman Empire:
Reichs-Generalfeldmarschalleutnant: 08.04.17931
Reichs-Generalfeldmarschall: 05.04.17962
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Governor-General in the Austrian Netherlands: 17.03.1793 – 07.1794
Governor and Captain General in Bohemia: 11.11.1797 –
30.04.18473
President of the Aulic War Council: 09.01.1801 – 03.1805
War and Navy Minister: 12.09.1801 – 02.1809
Fortress Governor of Mainz: 15.03.1815 – 10.1824
Field Service (1792-1815)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
Gutzenhoven: 16.03.1793 (–)
Commander
of the Army of the Lower Rhine: 10.02.1796 – 08.1796
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Wetzlar: 15.06.1796 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Malsch (Ettlingen): 09.07.1796 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Neresheim: 11.08.1796 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Amberg: 24.08.1796 (+)
Commander
of the Army of the Rhine: 08.1796 – 02.1797 / 04.1797 –
11.1797
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Würzburg: 03.09.1796 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Emmendingen: 19.10.1796 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Schliengen: 24.10.1796 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces during the siege
of Kehl: 10.11.1796 –
09.01.1797 (+)
Commander
of the Army of Italy: 03.1797 – 04.1797
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
Valvassone: 16.03.1797 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
Tarvis: 22./23.03.1797 (–)
Commander
of the Army of the Rhine: 04.1797 – 11.1797
Commander
of the Army of Germany: 11.1798 – 17.03.1800
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Ostrach: 21.03.1799 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Stockach: 25./26.03.1799 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Zürich: 04.06.1799 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
Mannheim: 18.09.1799 (+)
Commander
of the Army of Germany: 19.12.1800 – 03.1801
Commander
of the Army of Italy: 01.09.1805 – 12.1805
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Caldiero: 29.-31.10.1805 (+)
Commander
of the main army (= Army of Germany): 20.02.1809 –
30.(31?).07.1809
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
Hausen (Dinzling, Thann): 19.04.1809 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
Schierling: 21.04.1809 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Eckmühl: 22.04.1809 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
Regensburg: 23.04.1809 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Aspern: 21./22.05.1809 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Wagram: 05./06.07.1809 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Znaim: 10./11.07.1809 (–)
Change of Social Status
Herzog von Teschen (by succession to his adoptive father Herzog Albrecht von
Sachsen-Teschen = S8): 10.02.1822
Chivalric Order
Coadjutor of the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order:
03.06.1801 –
27.07.1801
Grand Master of the Teutonic Order: 27.07.1801 – 30.06.1804
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Golden Fleece: 23.11.1790
Military Maria Theresian Order – GC: 01.04.1793
/ w.d.: 02.04.1843
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°3:
23.08.1780 – 30.04.1847
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°4:
05.08.18014 –
30.06.1804
Colonel-Proprietor of the Uhlan Regiment N°3:
23.04.1801 – 30.04.1847
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Bavaria:
Order of St. Hubert
Brasil:
Order of the Southern Cross – GC
France:
Order of the Légion d'Honneur – GC:
28.03.1810
Great
Britain:
Order of the Bath – GC
Naples-Sicily:
Order of St. Januarius
Order of St. Ferdinand and of Merit – GC
Poland
(Russia):
Order of the White Eagle
Prussia:
Order of the Black Eagle
Russia:
Order of St. Andrew
Order of St. Alexander Nevskij
Order of St. Anne 1st cl.
Tuscany:
Order of St. Joseph – GC
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Carl Erzherzog von Österreich, königlicher
Prinz von Ungarn was born in 1771 in Florence as third son of Grossherzog Leopold
von Toskana (the later emperor) and Grossherzogin Maria Ludovica. He suffered
nervous disorders until manhood but always wanted to be a soldier. In 1780 he
became Proprietor of Infantry Regiment N°3. The death of Emperor Joseph II
in 1790 brought him to Vienna, where his father now became emperor (Leopold II).
His military schooling entailed him attending meetings of the Hofkriegsrat.
In 1791 he moved to live in Brussels at the court
of his aunt, Erzherzogin Maria Christine and her husband, Herzog Albert von Sachsen-Teschen,
who had no children of their own and who adopted Carl.
In 1792 his father died and his elder brother became
emperor (Franz II). In this year France declared war on Austria and several other
European monarchies.
Carl's baptism of fire occurred at the victorious
skirmish of La Grisnelle on 11 June 1792; he fought at the battle of Neerwinden
on 18 March 1793 as major general and commander of the Avantgarde and was awarded
the Grand Cross of the Military Maria Theresian Order, although the real credit
lay with his troops. In June 1796 he was appointed C-in-C of the Army of the
Lower Rhine (from August 1796: Army of the Rhine), when Wurmser was sent to Italy
to take command there. He found the troops to be lacking in confidence, supplies,
motivation and aim. His Aide, Graf Bellegarde, was more of a hindrance than a
help to him.
Carl's victory in the clash at Wetzlar on 15 June,
gave his men a confidence in him which was amply justified by his skilful conduct
of the withdrawal in the face of the armies of Jourdan and Moreau. He managed
to keep his enemies separated until he joined forces with the Army of the Lower
Rhine under FZM Graf von Wartensleben. Following the junction of these two armies,
Carl won the victories of Amberg, Würzburg, Emmendingen and Schliengen and
drove the two French armies back over the Rhine. This successful campaign brought
him the title: "Retter Germaniens" (Saver of Germany)
In 1797, after Alvinczy's defeat at Rivoli on 14-15
January, Carl was forced to take over command from him in Italy. The Austrian
army there was now in very poor condition. Mantua surrendered on 2 February,
and his only option now was to withdraw up into the Tyrol and Carinthia. He fought
rearguard actions at Valvassone on 16 March, and just managed to avoid being
cut off at Tarvis on 23 March.
French General Joubert had invaded the Tyrol on 20
March with 20,000 men in three divisions. Despite initial successes against the
Austrian Generals Kerpen and Laudon, Joubert could not hold on in face of the
general insurrection that broke out against him. By 8 April, he left the province
again and moved to Villach.
Due to Carl's victories in southern Germany, the
French armies there were unable to reopen hostilities to aid Napoleon in Italy.
Napoleon was over-extended; on 31 April he opened negotiations with Carl for
an armistice. There were two more minor clashes at Dirmstein on 2 April, and
at Hundsmarkt next day. The armistice began on 8 April and peace talks started
at Leoben on 17 April. Following the Peace of Campoformio on 17 October, which
ended the unhappy campaign, Carl was removed from command of the army in Italy,
and was appointed governor of Bohemia.
In 1799 Erzherzog Carl was appointed C-in-C of the
army in Germany, but his efforts were severely hampered by the emperor's foreign
minister, the Baron Thugut, who was almost openly hostile to him. Carl's plan
of swift advances and decisive actions was disrupted and slowed down by Thugut's
interference; the Austrian victories of Ostrach and Stockach went unexploited.
After Erzherzog Carl's victory in the 1st battle
of Zürich, Thugut managed to paralyse his army for weeks because of his
suspicions of Suvorov's victories in Italy. The potential fruits of the victory
were squandered. This led to the allied evacuation of Switzerland and Russia's
withdrawal from the coalition. Dispirited and frustrated, Carl resigned his command
in early 1800.
The Holy Roman Empire collapsed after the defeat
of their forces at the battle of Hohenlinden on 3 December 1800. This event caused
Emperor Francis I to recall his younger brother to command. On 9 January 1801,
Carl was appointed president of the Aulic War Council. On 12 September of that
year he also became Minister for War and Minister for the Navy. Thugut was dismissed;
but his successor, Graf Ludwig Cobenzl, was a willing tool of the incompetent
Cabinet Minister Graf Colloredo and lacked any comprehension of the way to grapple
with the problems facing the empire.
Erzherzog Carl did not shy away from war as is sometimes
supposed; he was merely not happy at going to war with inadequate means. He urged
a complete overhaul of the army and of the political machine by which it was
controlled. His opponents in the political establishment succeeded in arousing
the emperor's mistrust of his younger brother and the proposed reforms were blocked.
In 1805 the incompetent FML Mack was given command
of the minor Austrian army on the Danube while Erzherzog Carl was sent off to
Italy with the main force of 150,000 men to the supposed main scene of events,
which turned out to be just a side show. Carl's victory over Massena at Caldiero
on 29-31 October was nullified by the news of Mack's total defeat at Ulm on 15
October.
Carl wanted to use the opportunity of the peace which
followed the war of 1805 to rebuild the army, but his plans were far from complete
when the Austrian foreign minister, Philipp Graf Stadion, managed to antagonise
Napoleon into a new war in 1809, convinced that all the German states would abandon
Napoleon and rush into the combat at Austria's side.
The Austrian corps commanders of 1809 were mostly
too old to comprehend or to manage the new corps system which Carl was trying
to introduce. Despite this, Carl managed to inflict a rare defeat on Napoleon
at Aspern on 20 and 21 May.
The failure of Carl's brother, Johann, to join him
from Hungary to fight at Wagram on 5 and 6 July, sealed the fate of yet another
campaign. After the final battle of the war at Znaim on 10 and 11 July, Carl
again resigned command of the army. His military career was now over. His reforms
had included the abolition of lifelong military service, the introduction of
new regulations for the infantry and the cavalry, new conscription laws, the
introduction of the Landwehr system and the improvement of the education of officers.
In 1815 he married Princess Henriette von Nassau-Weilburg; he died on 30 April
1847.
Printed Sources
ADB 15, p.322ff. | Amon, IR4, p.378f. | Angeli,
Moriz von: Erzherzog Carl von Österreich als Feldherr und Heeresorganisator,
5 vols, Vienna 1896/97 | Bodart, pp.272, 308, 310-312, 315, 317, 320,
321, 328, 329, 336, 367, 397, 399, 400, 405, 409, 410 | Criste, Oscar:
Erzherzog Carl. Ein Lebensbild, 3 vols, Vienna-Leipzig 1912, esp. vol.1, pp.12,
60, 122, 130 and vol 3, p.569 (wrong: FML 11.04.1793) | Hamann, p.219ff. | Hirtenfeld
1, p.356ff. | Hirtenfeld 2, p.1341ff. | HKR-Präs, N°24
(p.37ff.) | Hollins, p.4ff. | Lombroso, p.1ff. | MilSchem | NDB
11, p.242f. | Neuhaus, pp.339, 344 | ÖBL 3, p.239f. | ÖMKL
3, p.463ff. | Riedl, UR3, pp.1ff., 21 | Täubl, p.191 | Vlies-Orden,
p.186, N°818 | Wrede 1, pp.131, 140 | Wrede 3, p.330 | Wrede
(6), pp.20, 29, 30, 31, 32 | Wurzbach 6, p.372ff. | WZ, 14.04.1810 | Zeissberg,
Heinrich von: Erzherzog Carl und Prinz Hohenlohe-Kirchberg. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte
des Feldzuges in die Champagne (1792), Vienna 1888 (= special issue from the
Archiv für österreichische Geschichte 73, 1st half) | Zivkovic,
Generalität, pp.13, 36 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.51, 71
Internet Sources
Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/karl.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg5.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html)
Notes
1)
Date of the Imperial decree of ratification (Ratifikationsdekret)
2)
Date of the Reichsgutachten
3)
Zivkovic: only until 12.1800 (?)
4)
Date of the supreme Imperial resolution
| O7 |
Österreich,
Ferdinand Erzherzog-Kronprinz von
Österreich,
Ferdinand I. Kaiser von |
Personal Information
Born: Vienna, 19.04.1793
Died: Prague (Praha) / Bohemia, 29.06.1875
Family Status
Son of O11
Nephew of O5, O6, O8, O13, O14, O15, O17
Married: 1831 Maria Anna Prinzessin von Sardinien-Piemont
(1803-1884)
Promotions
Oberst: 1798
Generalmajor: 1814
Feldmarschalleutnant: –
Feldzeugmeister / General der Kavallerie: –
Feldmarschall: 18.(28.)09.1830
Elevation of Social Status1
Apostolischer König von Ungarn (Apostolic King
of Hungary): 28.09.1830
Kaiser von Österreich (Emperor of Austria):
02.03.1835 – 02.12.1848 (abdicated)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Golden Fleece: 20.04.17932 /
Grand Master: 02.03.1835
– 02.12.1848
Military Maria Theresian Order – Grand Master:
02.03.1835 – 02.12.1848
Order of St. Stephen – GC: 1830 / Grand Master:
02.03.1835 – 02.12.1848
Order of Leopold – GC: 07.01.1809 / Grand Master:
02.03.1835 – 02.12.1848
Order of the Iron Crown I.Kl.: 12.02.1816 / Grand
Master: 02.03.1835 –
02.12.1848
Colonel-Proprietor of the Dragoon Regiment N°2:
1798-1801/02 (disbanded)
Colonel-Proprietor of the Cuirassier Regiment N°12
/ (since 1802:) N°4: 1801
– 02.03.1835 / 1848 – 29.06.1875
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°1:
02.03.1835 – 02.12.1848
Colonel-Proprietor of the Tyrolian Jäger Regiment:
02.03.1835 –
02.12.1848
Colonel-Proprietor of the Cuirassier Regiment N°1:
02.03.1835 –
02.12.1848
Colonel-Proprietor of the Chevauxleger-Regiment N°1:
02.03.1835 –
02.12.1848
Colonel-Proprietor of the Hussar Regiment N°1:
02.03.1835 – 02.12.1848
Colonel-Proprietor of the Uhlan Regiment N°4:
02.03.1835 – 02.12.1848
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Baden:
Order of Fidelity
Brasil:
Order of the Southern Cross – GC
France:
Order of the Holy Spirit
Orden of the Légion d'Honneur – GC
Hessen-Darmstadt:
Order of Ludwig – GC
Naples-Sicily:
Order of St. Januarius
Order of St. Ferdinand and of Merit – GC
Portugal:
Order of Christ – GC
Prussia:
Order of the Black Eagle
Saxony:
Order of the Rue Crown
Württemberg:
Order of the Golden Eagle – GC
Printed Sources
ADB 6, p.700ff. | Hamann, p.121ff. | Holler,
Gerd: Gerechtigkeit für Ferdinand. Österreichs gütiger Kaiser,
Vienna-Munich 1986 | MilSchem | NDB 5, p.92 | ÖBL 1,
p.299f. | Reifenscheid, Richard: Die Habsburger. Von Rudolf I. bis Karl
I., Vienna 1994, p.300ff. | Vlies-Orden, p.186, N°843 | Wrede
1, p.118 | Wrede 3, pp.128, 145, 232, 333, 339, 682 | Wurzbach
6, p.197ff. | WZ, 11.01.1809, 20.02.1816 | Zivkovic, Generalität,
p.14
Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg5.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Szentváry-Lukács
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html)
Notes
1)
All other titles automatically by succession (i.e. with date of death of his
father = 02.03.1835)
2)
Received the chain on the day of his baptism.
| O8 |
Österreich,
Ferdinand Joseph Johann Erzherzog von
Österreich,
Großherzog von Toskana,
Ferdinand III. Erzherzog von
Österreich,
Herzog / Kurfürst von Salzburg, Ferdinand Erzherzog
von
Österreich,
Großherzog / Kurfürst von Würzburg, Ferdinand Erzherzog
von
Österreich,
Großherzog von Toskana, Ferdinand
III. Erzherzog von |
Personal Information
Born: Florence (Firenze) / Tuscany, 06.05.1769
Died: Florence (Firenze) / Tuscany, 18.06.1824
Family Status
Son of Emperor Leopold II. (1747-1792)
Brother of O5, O6, O11, O13, O14, O15, O17
Nephew of O9
Cousin of O10, O12, O16
Uncle of O7
Married (1): 1790 Maria Luise Prinzessin von Neapel-Sizilien
(1773-1802)
Married (2): 1821 Maria Anna Prinzessin von Sachsen
(1795-1865)
Promotions
Oberst: 15.12.1779
Generalmajor: –
Feldmarschalleutnant: –
Feldzeugmeister / General der Kavallerie: –
Feldmarschall: 04.06.17921
Elevation of Social Status / Change of Social
Status
Großherzog von Toskana (Grand Duke of Tuscany):
22.02.17912 –
03.1799 / 17.07.1799 – 15.10.1800
Herzog / Kurfürst von Salzburg (Duke / Prince-Elector
of Salzburg): 11.02.18033 – 01.03.18064
Kurfürst von Würzburg (Prince-Elector of
Würzburg): 01.01.1806 –
30.09.1806
Großherzog von Würzburg (Grand Duke of
Würzburg): 30.09.1806 – 03.06.1814
Großherzog von Toskana (Grand Duke of Tuscany):
30.05.1814 – 18.06.1824
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Golden Fleece: 22.04.1771
Order of St. Stephen – GC: before 1805
Order of Leopold – GC
Order of the Iron Crown 1st cl.: 12.02.1816
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°23:
15.12.1779 – 18.11.1809 (08.03.1810) (disbanded)
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°7:
18.11.1809 (08.03.1810) –
16.06.1824
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
France:
Order of the Légion d'Honneur – GC
Naples-Sicily:
Order of St. Januarius
Order of St. Ferdinand and of Merit – GC
Tuscany:
Order of St. Stephen – Grand Master: 02.07.1790
Order of St. Joseph5 – Grand
Master: 19.03.1807
Saxony:
Order of the Rue Crown
Printed Sources
Buschek, IR23, I, pp.517, 783, 800f. | Emmer,
Johannes: Erzherzog Ferdinand III., Großherzog von Toscana, als Kurfürst
von Salzburg, Salzburg 1878 | Hamann, p.119f. (wrong: d. 16.06.1824) | MilSchem | NDB
5, p.96 | Nekrolog 1824/2, p.1158f. | ÖBL 1, p.300 | Schäfer,
Dieter: Ferdinand von Österreich. Großherzog zu Würzburg, Kurfürst
von Salzburg, Großherzog der Toskana, Cologne-Graz-Vienna 1988 | Vlies-Orden,
p.185, N°787 | Wrede 1, p.156 | Wrede 2, p.233 | Wurzbach
6, p.195ff. and 46, p.172ff. | WZ, 20.02.1816 | Zivkovic, Generalität,
p.13
Internet Sources
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg5.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Shamà
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html)
Notes
1)
Buschek, IR23, I, pp.556, 800 / Emmer: 07.06.1792 (?) / Zivkovic: 09.01.1792
(?)
2)
Date of the document of seizure (Imperial deed of renunciation: 21.07.1790)
3)
Date of the document of seizure (provisional entry into possession: 19.08.1802)
4)
Date of the dismissal from subjecthood (Imperial Austrian document of seizure:
12.02.1806)
5)
19.03.1807 – 03.06.1814: Highest order of the Grand Duchy of Würzburg
| O9 |
Österreich-Este,
Ferdinand Carl Anton Erzherzog von |
Personal
Information
Born: Vienna, 01.06.1754
Died: Vienna, 24.12.1806
Family Status
Brother of Emperor Leopold II. (1747-1792)
Brother-in-law of S8 (Albrecht Sachsen-Teschen)
Son-in-law of M58 (Herkules III. Modena-Este)
Father of O10, O12, O16
Uncle of O5, O6, O8, O11, O13, O14, O15,
O17
Married:
1771 Maria Beatrix von Este, Prinzessin von Modena, Massa und Carrara (1750-1829)
Promotions
Oberst: 1756
Generalmajor: –
Feldmarschalleutnant: –
Feldzeugmeister: 20.02.1766
Feldmarschall: 17.05.1772
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Governor-General of the Lombardy: 10.04.1764 – 05.1796
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Golden Fleece: 04.04.1763
Order of St. Stephen – GC:
1765
Colonel-Proprietor of the Cuirassier Regiment "Erzherzog
Ferdinand": 1756-1761
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment
N°2: 1761 – 24.12.1806
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
(?)
Printed Sources
Hamann, p.118f. | MilSchem | Vlies-Orden,
p.184, N°758 | Wrede 1, p.126 | Wrede
3, p.175 | Wrede (6), pp.31, 32 | Zivkovic,
Generalität, pp.12, 33
Internet Sources
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg5.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Szentváry-Lukács
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html)
| O10 |
Österreich-Este,
Ferdinand Carl Joseph Erzherzog von |
Personal Information
Born: Milan (Milano) / Lombardy, 25.04.1781
Died: Ebenzweier / Upper Austria, 05.11.1850
Family Status
Son of O9
Brother of O12, O16
Cousin of O5, O6, O8, O11, O13, O14, O15, O17
Unmarried
Promotions
Oberst: 1793
Generalmajor: 21.02.1800
Feldmarschalleutnant: 04.01.1801 (w.r.f. 22.01.1801)
General der Kavallerie: 01.09.1805
Feldmarschall: 17.09.1836
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Commanding General in Moravia and Silesia: 01.1806 – 10.1813
Commanding General in Hungary: 22.05.1816 – 08.1832
Commanding General in Galicia: 08.1832 – 06.1835
Governor-General in Galicia: 08.1832 – 07.1846
Field Service (1792-1815)
Commander
(nominal)1 of the Army of Germany:
09.1805 –
10.1805
Commander (nominal)1 of
the Austrian forces at the combat of Günzburg: 09.10.1805
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
Eschenau: 20.10.1805 (–)
Commander
of the (autonomous) Corps in Bohemia: 11.-12.1805
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
Stecken: 05.12.1805 (+)
Commander
of the 7th Army Corps: 02.-07.1809
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
Raszyn: 19.04.1809 (+)
Commander
of the Austrian forces during the siege of Sandomierž: 26.05.-18.06.1809
(+)
Commander
of the Army of Bohemia (= Army in Poland): 07.1809 –
12.1809
Commander
of the Reserve Corps of the Army of the Upper Rhine: 04.-10.1815
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Golden Fleece: 06.01.1808
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 18.08.1801
Order of St. Stephen – GC: 1815
Colonel-Proprietor of the Hussar Regiment N°32
/ (since 1798:) N°3: 1793 –
05.11.1850
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Hannover:
Guelphic Order – GC
Naples-Sicily:
Order of St. Ferdinand and of Merit – GC
Poland
(Russia):
Order of the White Eagle
Prussia:
Order of the Black Eagle: 1841
Order of the Red Eagle 1st cl.
Russia:
Order of St. Andrew: 1826
Order of St. Alexander Nevskij
Order of St. Anne 1st cl.
Chef of the Hussar Regiment "Erzherzog Ferdinand
von Österreich": 16.[04.]02.1826 – 05.11.1850
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Born in Milan on 25 April 1781 Erzherzog Ferdinand
Carl von Österreich-Este accompanied his elder brother, Carl, on the campaign
of 1799 and was given command of a light brigade. In 1800 he was Generalmajor and
commanded a division in the Centre at the defeat in the battle of Hohenlinden
on 3 December. From 1793 he was Proprietor of Hussar Regiment N°32.
In 1805 he was titular C-in-C of the subsidiary Austrian
army in the Danube valley, but real power rested in his "advisor", FML Mack.
Ferdinand was defeated by Ney at Günzburg on 9 October. When Mack allowed
himself to be shut up in Ulm despite Ferdinand's protests, Ferdinand broke out
of the tightening grasp of the French corps and fled to Bohemia with twelve squadrons
of cavalry.
He failed to join up with the Russians for the battle
of Austerlitz on 2 December, but was at the successful clash against the Bavarians
at Stecken three days later in his defence of Bohemia.
In 1808 Ferdinand was Commanding General in Moravia
and Bohemia and supervised the raising and equipping of the new Landwehr in these
provinces.
In 1809 he was appointed GOC of the VII Corps in
Galicia. He beat the Polish forces in a series of minor actions, occupied Warsaw
and advanced to Thorn before the failure of the campaign in the Danube valley – and
mounting pressure from Poniatowsky – forced him to withdraw.
In 1815 he was GOC of the Reserve Army which went
into France. From 1816 he was Governor-General in Hungary. He suppressed a rebellion
in Hungary by peaceful means in 1835 and dealt with another in Galicia in 1846,
where he –
since 1832 – was also governor-general. Ferdinand died in Ebenzweier, Upper
Austria, in 1850.
Printed Sources
Bodart, pp.363, 366, 370, 397, 408 | Hamann,
p.120f. | Hirtenfeld 1, p.681ff. | MilSchem (wrong: d. 06.11.1850) | ÖBL
1, p.300 | ÖMKL 2, p.350ff. | Soldatenfreund, year 1850, N°141
(from 23.11.1850), p.627f. | Vlies-Orden, p.187, N°875 | Wrede
3, p.243 | Wurzbach 4, p.86f. | WZ, 09.01.1808, 09.06.1816 | Zivkovic,
Generalität, pp.14, 37 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.53, 56, 64,
129, 130, 133
Internet Sources
Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/ferdinand.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg5.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Szentváry-Lukács
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html)
Notes
1)
See: M2 (Mack)
| O11 |
Österreich,
Franz Joseph Carl Erzherzog von
Heiligen Römischen
Reiches Deutscher Nation, Franz
II. Kaiser des
Österreich,
Franz I. Kaiser von |
Personal Information
Born: Florence (Firenze) / Tuscany, 12.02.1768
Died: Vienna, 02.03.1835
Family Status
Son of Emperor Leopold II. (1747-1792)
Brother of O5, O6, O8, O13, O14, O15, O17
Nephew of O9
Cousin of O10, O12, O16
Father of O7
Married (1): 1788 Elisabeth Wilhelmine Prinzessin
von Württemberg (1767-1790)
Married (2): 1790 Maria Theresia Prinzessin beider
Sizilien (1772-1807)
Married (3): 1808 Maria Ludovika Erzherzogin von Österreich-Este
(1787-1816)
Married (4): 1816 Karoline Auguste Charlotte Prinzessin
von Bayern (1792-1873)
Promotions
Oberst: 1770
Generalmajor: –
Feldmarschalleutnant: –
Feldzeugmeister / General der Kavallerie: –
Feldmarschall: –
Elevation of Social Status
Apostolischer König von Ungarn (Apostolic King
of Hungary): 06.06.1792
Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches Deutscher
Nation (Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation): 14.07.1792 – 06.08.1806
König von Böhmen (King of Bohemia): 09.08.1792
Kaiser von Österreich (Emperor of Austria):
11.08.1804
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Golden Fleece: 26.02.1768 / Grand Master:
14.07.1792
Military Maria Theresian Order – Grand Master:
14.07.1792
Order of St. Stephen – Grand Master: 14.07.1792
Order of Leopold – Grand Master: 08.01.1808
Order of the Iron Crown – Grand Master: 01.01.1816
Military Honor Cross 1813/14 (Army Cross 1813/14):
~ 1814
Colonel-Proprietor of the 2nd Carabinier Regiment
N°15 / (since 1798:) Cuirassier Regiment N°1: 1770 – 02.03.1835
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°1:
01.03.1792 – 02.03.1835
Colonel-Proprietor of the Chevauxleger Regiment N°1
/ (since 1798:) Dragoon Regiment N°1 / (since 1802:) Chevauxleger Regiment
N°1: 01.03.1792 - 02.03.1835
Colonel-Proprietor of the Hussar Regiment N°1:
01.03.1792 – 02.03.1835
Colonel-Proprietor of the Uhlan Regiment N°4:
1813 – 02.03.1835
Colonel-Proprietor of the Tyrolian Jäger Regiment:
1816 –
02.03.1835
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Great
Britain:
Order of the Garter: 08.1814
Russia:
Chef of the Grenadier Regiment "Emperor of Austria":
07.[19.]10.1814
Printed Sources
Bibl, Viktor: Kaiser Franz. Der letzte Römisch-deutsche
Kaiser, Leipzig-Vienna 1937 | Drimmel, Heinrich: Kaiser Franz. Ein Wiener
übersteht Napoleon, Vienna-Munich 1981 | Drimmel, Heinrich: Franz
von
Österreich. Kaiser des Biedermeier, Vienna-Munich 1982 | MilSchem | Reifenscheid,
Richard: Die Habsburger. Von Rudolf I. bis Karl I., Vienna 1994, p.274ff. | Sapper,
Christian: General der Kavallerie Maximilian Graf Merveldt 1764-1815, Diss. Univ.
Vienna 1974, p.404 | Vlies-Orden, p.185, N°784
Internet Sources
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg5.html)
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html)
| O12 |
Österreich-Este,
Franz Joseph Erzherzog von
Österreich-Este, Herzog
von Modena, Massa und Carrara,
Franz IV. Erzherzog von |
Personal Information
Born: Milan (Milano) / Lombardy, 06.10.1779
Died: Modena, 21.01.1846
Family Status
Son of O9
Brother of O10, O16
Cousin of O5, O6, O8, O11, O13, O14, O15, O17
Married: 1812 Marie Beatrix Prinzessin von Sardinien-Piemont
(1792-1840)
Promotions
Oberst: 1789
Generalmajor: –
Feldmarschalleutnant: –
General der Kavallerie: 05.01.1808
Change of Social Status
Herzog von Modena, Massa und Carrara (Duke of Modena,
Massa and Carrara): (1806) / 16.07.1814 – 21.01.1846
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Golden Fleece: 23.11.1790
Order of St. Stephen – GC: 1821
Colonel-Proprietor of the Cuirassier Regiment N°29
/ (since 1798:) N°2: 1789
– 21.01.1846
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Bavaria:
Order of St. Hubert
Naples-Sicily:
Order of St. Ferdinand and of Merit – GC
Poland
(Russia):
Order of the White Eagle
Russia:
Order of St. Andrew
Order of St. Alexander Nevskij
Order of St. Anne 1st cl.
Printed Sources
Hamann, p.135f. | MilSchem | ÖBL
1, p.349f. | Vlies-Orden, p.186, N°821 | Wurzbach 6, p.225ff. | WZ,
23.01.1808 | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.38
Internet Sources
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg5.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Szentváry-Lukács
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html)
| O13 |
Österreich,
Johann Baptist Joseph Erzherzog von |
Personal Information
Born: Florence (Firenze) / Tuscany, 20.01.1782
Died: Graz / Styria, 10.05.1859
Family Status
Son of Emperor Leopold II. (1747-1792)
Brother of O5, O6, O8, O11, O14, O15, O17
Nephew of O9
Cousin of O10, O12, O16
Uncle of O7
Married (morganatic): 1823 Anna Plochl, (since 1834:)
Freiin von Brandhof(en), (since 1844:) Gräfin Meran (1804-1885)
Promotions
Oberst: 1795
Generalmajor: 22.07.1795 (w.r.f. 21.07.1795)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 30.03.1801
General der Kavallerie: 01.09.1805 (w.r.f. 05.09.1805)
Feldmarschall: 17.09.1836
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Director-General of Engineering and Fortifications:
12.02.1801 –
04.12.1849
Director1 of the Academy
of Engineers: 12.02.1801 – 04.12.1849
Director1 of the Wiener
Neustadt Military Academy: 20.06.1805 –
04.12.1849
Adlatus of the War and Navy Minister: 1805-1809
Regent of the German Realm (Deutscher Reichsverweser):
29.06.1848 –
20.12.1849
Field Command (1792-1815)
Commander
(nominal)2 of
the Army of Germany: 08.1800 – 12.1800
Commander (nominal) of the Austrian forces
at the combat of Ampfing (Haun): 01.12.1800 (+)
Commander (nominal) of the Austrian forces
at the battle of Hohenlinden: 03.12.1800 (–)
Commander (nominal) of the Austrian forces
at the combat of Salzburg: 14.12.1800: (+/–)
Commander
of the Corps in the Northern Tyrol: 10.-11.1805
Commander
of the Army of the Tyrol: 11.1805
Commander ad
interim of the Army of Italy: 12.1805 –
01.1806
Commander
of the Army of Inner Austria: 02.1809 – 12.1809
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
Pordenone: 15.04.1809 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Sacile: 16.04.1809 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
Caldiero (Soave, San Bonifacio): 29./30.04.1809 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Ponte della Priula (at the Piave): 08.05.1809 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
San Daniele: 11.05.1809 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Raab: 14.06.1809 (–)
Commander
of the Blockade Corps of the Army of the Upper Rhine: 06.-09.1815
Commander of the Austrian forces during the siege
of Hüningen: 25.06.-26.08.1815 (+)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Golden Fleece: 21.11.1792
Military Maria Theresian Order – CC: 22.01.1806
/ GC: 05.1809
Order of Leopold – GC: 07.01.1809
Colonel-Proprietor of the Dragoon Regiment N°26
/ (since 1798:) N°3 / (since 1802:) N°1: 1795 – 10.05.1859
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Baden:
Order of Fidelity: 1842
Bavaria:
Order of St. Hubert
Belgium:
Order of Leopold – GC: 1845
Greece:
Order of the Redeemer – GC
Hessen-Darmstadt:
Order of Ludwig – GC: 1842
Netherlands:
Civil Merit Order of the Netherland Lion – GC:
1842
Oldenburg:
House Order of Merit of Duke Peter Frederick Ludwig – GC
Poland
(Russia):
Order of the White Eagle
Prussia:
Order of the Black Eagle: 1835
Order of the Red Eagle 1st cl.
Chef of the Infantry Regiment N°16: 1842 – 10.05.1859
Russia:
Order of St. Andreas
Order of St. Alexander Nevskij
Order of St. Anne 1st cl.
Chef of the Genie Sappeur Battalion: ? – 10.05.1859
Saxony:
Order of the Rue Crown
Combined
Saxonian Duchies:
Ernestine House Order – GC
Württemberg:
Order of Military Merit – GC
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Born on 20 January 1782 in Florence as the 9th son
of the later Emperor Leopold II. the archduke was made Colonel-Proprietor of
Dragoon Regiment N°26 in 1795.
In 1800 he entered Austrian military service and
was appointed titular C-in-C of the Austrian army in southern Germany, his Aide
(FML Lauer) exercised the real power. After the disastrous defeat at Hohenlinden
on 3 December of that year, he resigned his command.
In 1801 prince Johann was appointed General Director
of Engineering and Fortifications; in 1805 he organized the Tyrolean Landwehr
and was C-in-C there briefly before the end of the campaign. Johann assisted
Erzherzog Carl with his military reforms, fortified Komorn and drew up plans
to fortify the Alps. For the 1809 campaign, Johann was C-in-C of the VIII and
IX Corps in their advance into northern Italy. He defeated Prince Eugene at Pordenone
and Sacile, but was then forced to withdraw to Carinthia due to the defeats suffered
by the main Austrian army in the Danube valley. His much-reduced army (the IX
Corps had been detached to cover Slovenia) was "bolstered" by thousands of half-trained
Landwehr troops, whose combat value was extremely low. This army was decisively
beaten at Raab on 14 June. Johann fell back to the east on Komorn. On the morning
of 5 July he received orders from Erzherzog Carl to join him at Wagram for that
fateful battle. These orders had been delayed, as the courier tried to cross
a river where the vital bridge had been destroyed. Johann reached the field only
at 6 pm on 6 July after the Austrian army had already begun its withdrawal.
In 1815 Johann commanded the successful siege of
Hüningen fortress on the upper Rhine. He morganatically married the daughter
of the Postmaster in Aussee, Anna Postl. Their descendants received name and
title "Counts of Meran". The prince died in Graz on 10 May 1859.
Printed Sources
ADB 14, p.281ff. | Amon, DR9, pp.187, 327ff.,
385 | Blasek/Rieger 1, p.78f., 342f. | Bodart, pp.357, 396, 397,
401, 402, 407, 490 | Gatti, IngAk, p.407f. | Hamann, p.175ff. | Hirtenfeld
2, p.839ff. | Leitner 1, p.307ff. | Leitner, Wilhelm: Erzherzog
Johann. Generaldirektor des Genie- und Fortifikationswesens 1801-1849, Ph.D.
thesis, Graz 1949 | Liwa, Margot: Erzherzog Johann als Oberdirektor der
Wiener Neustädter Militärakademie 1805-1849, Phil.D. thesis, Vienna
1984 | MilSchem | NDB 10, p.505ff. | ÖBL 3, p.122f. | ÖMKL
3, p.356ff. | Schlossar, Anton: Erzherzog Johann von Österreich.
Sein edles Leben und segensreiches Wirken. Mit Benutzung des handschriftlichen
und künstlerischen Nachlasses des Erzherzogs (= Illustrierte Geschichtsbibliothek
für jung und alt), Graz-Vienna 1908 | Stolzer-Steeb, p.138f. | Vlies-Orden,
p.186, N°834 | Wrede 3, p.183 | Wrede (6), p.32 | Wurzbach
6, p.280ff. | WZ, 09.01.1808 | Zivkovic, Generalität, pp.14,
38 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.13, 35, 129, 134
Internet Sources
Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/johann.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg5.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html)
Notes
1)
Both titles also combined as: Director General of the Wiener Neustadt Military
Academy and the Academy of Engineers ("General-Direktor der Wiener Neustädter
Militär-Akademie und der Ingenieur-Akademie")
2)
See: L16 (Lauer)
| O14 |
Österreich,
Joseph Anton Erzherzog von
Österreich,
Palatin von Ungarn, Joseph Anton Erzherzog von |
Personal Information
Born: Florence (Firenze) / Tuscany, 09.03.1776
Died: Ofen (Buda) / Hungary, 13.01.1847
Family Status
Son of Emperor Leopold II. (1747-1792)
Brother of O5, O6, O8, O11, O13, O15, O17
Nephew of O9
Cousin of O10, O12, O16
Uncle of O7
Married (1): 1799 Alexandra Pavlovna Großfürstin
von Rußland (1783-1801)
Married (2): 1815 Hermine Prinzessin von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
(1797-1817)
Promotions
Oberst: – (?)
Generalmajor: –
Feldmarschalleutnant: 23.05.1785
General der Kavallerie: 09.03.1801
Feldmarschall: 12.02.1808
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Palatin (= Viceroy) and Captain General of Hungary:
05.09. / 12.11.17951 – 13.01.1847
Field Command (1792-1815)
Commander of the Hungarian Insurrection Army: 04.1797 – 11.1797
Commander of the Hungarian Insurrection Army: 09.1800 – 03.1801
Commander of the Hungarian Insurrection Army: 10.1805 – 01.1806
Commander of the Hungarian Insurrection Army: 04.1809 – 11.1809
Commander of the 2nd Reserve Corps: 08.-11.1809
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Golden Fleece: 23.11.1790
Order of St. Stephen – GC: 1795 / w.d.: 1845
Golden Civil Honor Cross 1813/14: 26.05.1815
Colonel-Proprietor of the Dragoon Regiment N°26:
25.05.1785 – 1795
Colonel-Proprietor of the Hussar Regiment N°17
/ (since 1798:) N°2: 1795 –
13.01.1847
Colonel-Proprietor of the Hussar Regiment "Palatinal" /
(since 1802:)
"Palatinal" N°12: 1800 – 13.01.1847
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Brasil:
Order of the Southern Cross – GC
Prussia:
Order of the Black Eagle: 1844
Printed Sources
ADB 50, p.703ff. | Amon, DR9, pp.160f., 187,
385 | Hamann, p.190ff. | Megerle, p.185 | MilSchem | NDB
10, p.623 | ÖBL 3, p.134f. | ÖMKL 3, p.370f. | Vlies-Orden,
p.186, N°820 | Wrede 3, pp.183, 238, 297 | Wrede (6), pp.30,
31, 32 | Wurzbach 6, p.328ff. | WZ, 09.03.1808, 28.05.1815 | Zivkovic,
Generalität, pp.13, 37 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, p.131
Internet Sources
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg5.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Szentváry-Lukács
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html)
Notes
1)
Date of the appointment by the King of Hungary / Date of the confirmation by
the Hungarian Diet
| O15 |
Österreich,
Ludwig Joseph Anton Erzherzog von |
Personal Information
Born: Florence (Firenze) / Tuscany, 13.12.1784
Died: Vienna, 21.12.1864
Family Status
Son of Emperor Leopold II. (1747-1792)
Brother of O5, O6, O8, O11, O13, O14, O17
Nephew of O9
Cousin of O10, O12, O16
Uncle of O7
Unmarried
Promotions
Oberst: 1801
Generalmajor: 01.09.1805 (w.r.f. 03.10.1805)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 02.04.1807
Feldzeugmeister: 18.11.1818
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Director-General of the Military Border: 2nd H. 18021 –
08.18092
Director-General of the Artillery: 11.1818 – 12.1849
Member of the State Council: ~ 1822
Head of the State Council: 04.03.1835 – 1848/49
(?)
Field Command (1792-1815)
Commander of the 5th Army Corps: 02.-05.1809
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Golden Fleece: 31.03.1805
Order of St. Stephen – GC: 1823
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°8:
1801 – 21.12.1864
Colonel-Proprietor of the Artillery Regiment N°2:
1854 – 21.12.1864
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Bavaria:
Order of St. Hubert: 1852/53
Hessen:
Order of Ludwig – GC
Poland
(Russia):
Order of the White Eagle
Prussia:
Order of the Black Eagle: 1844
Order of the Red Eagle – GC
Russia:
Order of St. Andrew
Order of St. Alexander Nevskij
Order of St. Anne 1st cl.
Printed Sources
ADB 19, p.568f. | Hamann, p.266ff. | MilSchem | NDB
15, p.405f. | ÖBL 5, p.349 | Rothenberg, Militärgrenze,
p.149 and p.268, note 18 (= Rothenberg, Military Border, p.89f., note 43) | Vlies-Orden,
p.187, N°855 | Wrede 1, p.165 | Wrede 5, p.231 (wrong: Director
General of Miltary Border in 1805) | Wurzbach 6, p.447ff. | Zivkovic,
Generalität, p.40 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.12 (wrong: Director
General of Miltary Border in 02.1806), 14, 130
Internet Sources
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg5.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Szentváry-Lukács
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html)
Notes
1)
According to Rothenberg, Militärgrenze, p.149 and p.268, note 43:
"Wrede, Bd.V, S.231, erwähnt, daß Ludwig 1805 ernannt wurde. Viele
frühere Dokumente bezeichnen ihn jedoch schon als General-Direkteur." (Wrede,
V, 231, maintains that Ludwig was appointed in 1805. Many of the documents before
this date, however, refer to him as Director General).
2)
Date uncertain
| O16 |
Österreich-Este,
Maximilian Joseph Johann Erzherzog von |
Personal Information
Born: Milan (Milano) / Lombardy, 14.07.1782
Died: Ebenzweier / Upper Austria, 01.06.1863
Family Status
Son of O9
Brother of O10, O12
Cousin of O5, O6, O8, O11, O13, O14, O15, O17
Unmarried
Promotions
Oberst: 1803
Generalmajor: 01.09.1805 (w.r.f. 05.10.1805)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 02.04.1807
Feldzeugmeister: 18.11.1818
Chivalric Order
Knight of the Teutonic Order: 07.03.1803
Coadjutor of the Grand Master of the Teutonic
Order: 22.12.1803
Province Commander (Landkomtur)
of the Bailiwick Franken: 1805-1806
Grand
Master of the Teutonic Order: 22.04.1835
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment
N°35: 1803 – (01.04.)1807
Colonel-Proprietor of the Artillery Regiment
N°2: 1807-1835
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment
N°4: 22.04.1835 – 01.06.1863
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
ADB 52, p.270f. | Hamann,
p.370ff. | May, IR35, pp.141, 144 | MilSchem | MZ,
year 1863, N°42 (from 03.06.1863), p.519 and N°44 (from 10.06.1863),
p.534 | ÖBL 6, p.168f. | Täubl,
pp.74, 82, 190 | Wrede 1, pp.140, 367 | (Wrede)
4, p.471 | Wurzbach 4, p.88f. | Zivkovic,
Generalität, p.40
Internet Sources
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg5.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html)
| O17 |
Österreich,
Rainer Joseph Erzherzog von
Österreich,
Vizekönig von Lombardo-Venetien, Rainer Joseph Erzherzog
von
Österreich,
Rainer Joseph Erzherzog von |
Personal Information
Born: Pisa / Tuscany, 30.09.1783
Died: Bozen / Tyrol, 16.01.1853
Family Status
Son of Emperor Leopold II. (1747-1792)
Brother of O5, O6, O8, O11, O13, O14, O15
Nephew of O9
Cousin of O10, O12, O16
Uncle of O7
Married: 1820 Elisabeth Prinzessin von Savoyen-Carignan
(1800-1856)
Promotions
Oberst: 1801
Generalmajor: –
Feldmarschalleutnant: –
Feldzeugmeister: 05.01.1808
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Viceroy of Lombardo-Venetia: 03.01.1818 –
1848
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Golden Fleece: 31.03.1805
Order of St. Stephen – GC: 1817
Order of Leopold – GC: 07.01.1809
Order of the Iron Crown 1st cl. (w.d.): 1838
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°11:
1801 – 16.01.1853
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Poland
(Russia):
Order of the White Eagle
Prussia:
Order of the Black Eagle: 1847
Order of the Red Eagle 1st cl.
Russia:
Order of St. Andrew: 1845
Order of St. Alexander Nevskij
Order of St. Anne 1st cl.
Sardinia-Piedmont:
Order of the Annunziata: 1842
Printed Sources
ADB 27, p.181ff. | Hamann, p.398ff. | MilSchem | ÖBL
8, p.396 | Stolzer-Steeb, p.138f. | Vlies-Orden, p.187, N°854 | Wrede
1, p.189 | Wurzbach 7, p.125ff. | WZ, 09.01.1808, 23.01.1808, 11.01.1809 | Zivkovic,
Generalität, p.38
Internet Sources
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg5.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Szentváry-Lukács
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/austria.html)
| O18 |
O’Ferrall,
Jakob Ritter |
Personal Information
Born: Dublin / Ireland, 23.12.1753
Died: (Bath / England ?), 04.12.1828
Name Variants
also: O‘Ferral
Promotions
Major: 1798
Oberstleutnant: 1799
Oberst: 01.01.1807
Generalmajor: 15.02.1809
Retired: 15.02.1809
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
Duffy, p.385 | MilSchem | Schmidhofer,
p.199 | Tomaschek, DR8, pp.291, 686,
718
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| O19 |
Ollenhausen,
(Johann) Wenzel Freiherr von |
Personal Information
Born: Kanitz (Kounice) / Moravia, 19.02.1765
Died: Ofen (Buda) / Hungary, 22.12.1810
Name Variants
also: Olnhausen, Ollnhausen, Olenhausen, Ohlenhausen
Promotions
Major: 21.03.1797
Oberstleutnant: 01.06.18011
Oberst: 01.09.1805
Generalmajor: 09.02.18102
Retired: 09.02.1810
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
I.R. Chamberlain: 1806
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
Dedekind, DR11, p.372, 323, 664, 756 | Leitner
2, p.130 | MilSchem | Svoboda 1, col.129
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Svoboda: 02.02.1800 (?)
2)
Dedekind, DR11, pp.756, 372 / Svoboda: 28.02.1810 "mit General-Majors-Charakter
pensionirt" (retired with rank of major general)
(?)
| O20 |
Oppeln,
Kaspar Christian Freiherr von |
Personal Information
Born: 17.01.1739
Died: 31.12.1798
Name Variants
also: Oppell
Promotions
Major: 1787
Oberstleutnant: 07.1790
Oberst: 06.03.17931
Generalmajor: 01.03.1797 (w.r.f. 20.01.1797)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem | Tomaschek, DR8, pp.251, 255, 270
(wrong: GM on 10.03.1797), 686, 692, 709 (wrong: GM on 28.04.1797) [sic]
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Tomaschek, DR8, p.709: 17.03.1793 (?)
| O21 |
Oranien-Nassau,
(Wilhelm Georg) Friedrich Prinz von |
Personal Information
Born: Den Haag / Netherlands, 15.02.1774
Died: Padua / Venetia, 06.01.1799
Family Status
Brother of O22
Unmarried
Promotions
Netherlands:
Captain General:
Into
Austrian service: 01.04.1796
Generalmajor: 17.04.1796 (w.r.f. 19.05.1796)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 30.10.1797 (w.r.f. 29.10.1797)
Feldzeugmeister: 15.11.1798 (w.r.f. 14.11.1798)
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Commanding General in Venetia: 11.1798 – 06.01.1799
Field Command (1792-1815)
Commander of the Netherlands forces at the battle
of Werwick: 13.09.1793 (–)
Commander of the allied forces at the battle of Landrécies:
19.04.1794 (+)
Commander of the allied forces during the siege of
Landrécies: 21.04. –
30.04.1794 (+)
Commander of the allied forces at the battle of Charleroi
(Gosselies): 03.06.1794 (+)
Commander of the allied forces at the battle of Lambusart
(Fleurus): 16.06.1794 (+)
Commander of the Army of Italy: 11.1798 – 06.01.1799
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 20.01.1797
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°15:
1797 – 06.01.1799
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Prussia:
Order of the Black Eagle: before 1796
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Prinz von Oranien was born
in Den Haag on 15 February 1774 as youngest son of the Governor, William V. After
the loss of his homeland to the Revolution in 1795, he initially fled to his
family in England, then on to Nienberg, in Hannover. Here, he tried to form a
corps of loyalist ex-Dutch soldiers in that area. The Peace of Basle in 1795
put an end to this scheme. The prince then approached the Austrian ambassador,
Graf Ludwig Starhemberg, to try to obtain a commission as a colonel in the Austrian
army. On 17 April 1796, he was commissioned as a major general and joined FZM
von Wartensleben's Army of the Lower Rhine, in central Germany, as a brigade
commander. He fought at Würzburg (2 September), Emmendingen (19 October)
and Schliengen (24 October) before the end of the year. On 5 January 1797, he
won distinction at the storming of the Swabian Redoubt at the siege of Kehl.
On 20 January, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresian
Order. He was given command of a division in April 1797 and sent down to Italy.
On 30 October of that year, he was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant. Only
one year later (15 November 1798) he received his promotion to Feldzeugmeister and – at
the age of 24 – was given command of the Austrian army in Italy. His career
was cut short by sickness; he died on 6 January 1799.
Printed Sources
Bodart, pp.279, 286, 288, 291, 293 | Hirtenfeld
1, p.508ff. | Hollins, p.11f. | Megerle, p.302f. | MilSchem | Oranien.
500 Jahre Bildnisse einer Dynastie. Ed. by the Austrian National Library and
the Ambassy of Netherlands in Vienna, Vienna 2002, p.105 | Wrede 1, p.218 | Wrede
(6), p.31 | Wurzbach 21, p.80ff. | Zivkovic, Generalität,
p.37 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, p.60
Internet Sources
Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/oranien.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/nassau/nassau11.html)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/netherlands.html)
| O22 |
Oranien-Nassau,
Wilhelm Friedrich Prinz von
Niederlande,
Großherzog von Luxemburg, Wilhelm I. König der
Nassau,
Wilhelm Friedrich Graf von |
Personal Information
Born: Den Haag / Netherlands, 24.08.1772
Died: Berlin / Prussia, 12.12.1843
Family Status
Brother of O21
Married (1): 1791 (Friederike Luise) Wilhelmine Prinzessin
von Preußen (1774-1837)
Married (2): 1841 (morganatic) Henriette Gräfin
d’Oultremont de Wegimont (1792-1864)
Promotions
Netherlands:
General of Infantry: 1792
Prussia:
Generalleutnant: 03.01.1798
Austria:
Feldmarschalleutnant: 01.06.1809
Feldzeugmeister: 02.11.18091
Feldmarschall: 15.12.1814
Change of Social Status
Sovereign of the Netherlands: 01.12.1813
King of the Netherlands: 16.03.1815 – 07.10.1840
(abdication)
Grand Duke of Luxemburg: 09.06.1815 – 07.10.1840
(abdication)
Count of Nassau: 1840
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of St. Stephen – GC: 1837
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°26:
1814 – 12.12.1843
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Netherlands:
Military Order of William – Grand Master: 30.04.1815
Great
Britain:
Order of the Garter: 10.08.1814
(Order of the Bath – GC: 1814 ?)
Spain:
Order of the Golden Fleece: 23.11.1816
Printed Sources
ADB 43, p.163ff. | ADB 55, p.894 (corrections) | MilSchem | Oranien.
500 Jahre Bildnisse einer Dynastie. Ed. by the Austrian National Library and
the Ambassy of Netherlands in Vienna, Vienna 2002, p.106f. | Townsend,
pp.140, 170 | Wrede 1, p.300 | WZ, 25.11.1809, 13.12.1816 | Zivkovic,
Generalität, pp.14, 39
Internet Sources
Boettger (http://www.antiquesatoz.com/sgfleece/knights6.htm)
Marek (http://genealogy.euweb.cz/nassau/nassau11.html)
Rayment
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Szentváry-Lukács
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/netherlands.html)
Uythoven
Notes
1)
Zivkovic, p.14: 29.10.1810 (?)
| O23 |
O’Reilly
von Ballinlough, Andreas
O’Reilly
von Ballinlough, Andreas Graf |
Personal Information
Born: Ballinlough / Ireland, 03.08.1742
Died: Vienna-Penzing, 05.07.1832
Family Status
Married: 1784 (Maria) Barbara Gräfin von Sweerts
und Sporck (1760-1834)
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant: 1784
Oberst: 1790
Generalmajor: 22.07.1794 (w.r.f. 16.04.1794)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 06.03.1800 (w.r.f. 08.09.1799)
General der Kavallerie: 07.01.1810
Retired: 07.01.1810
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Adlatus of the Commanding General in East Galicia:
before 1801 – 1804/05
Adlatus of the Commanding General in Upper and Lower
Austria and Salzburg: 02.-05.1809
Elevation of Social Status
Graf: 08.10.1787
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 18.08.1801
/ CC: 28.05.1806
Colonel-Proprietor of the Chevauxleger-Regiment N°3:
1803 – 05.07.1832
I.R. Chamberlain
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Born on 3 August 1742 Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough
entered the Austrian army as a volunteer in 1756 and fought in the Seven Years
War. In 1784, he married into Bohemian aristocracy and became count. In the War
of the Bavarian Succession, he rose to the rank of major and in the wars against
the Turks (1787-92), to Oberstleutnant. In 1790, O'Reilly was promoted
to Oberst and given command of Chevauxleger Regiment "Modena" N°13.
He commanded the regiment at the successful siege of Belgrade in late 1789.
In 1794, he was promoted to Generalmajor.
In the campaign of 1796, on 24 August, he was distinguished in action at Amberg.
He was again distinguished in the 1st battle of Zürich on 4 June 1799.
In 1800 O'Reilly commanded an infantry column in
Melas' army. He was then promoted Feldmarschalleutnant on 6 March 1800
and commanded the Right Column at Marengo on 14 June. For bravery in this battle,
he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresian Order on 18
August 1800.
In 1803, he was appointed Proprietor of the newly-raised
Chevauxleger Regiment N°3. In 1805, he again served in Italy commanding a
cavalry division in Bellegarde's right wing. He was distinguished at the battle
of Caldiero (29-31 October) for which he received the Commander's Cross of the
MMTO on 28 May 1806. In 1809, O'Reilly was commander of the garrison of Vienna;
he surrendered the city to the French on 13 May. On 7 January 1810, he was promoted
to General der Kavallerie upon retirement. He died one month before his
90th birthday on 5 July 1832.
Printed Sources
ADB 24, p.409ff. | Doerr, p.264 | Duffy,
p.389 | Hirtenfeld 2, p.765ff. | MD 8, p.87 | MilSchem | Schmidhofer,
p.202f. (wrong: GM in 1790) | Wenzlik-Ebert p.23f. | Wrede 3, p.353 | Wurzbach
21, p.86ff. | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.39 | Zivkovic, Heerführer,
p.49
Internet Sources
Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/oreilly.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| O24 |
Oreskovics,
Daniel von |
Personal Information
Born: Pereusič (n.l.)
/ Croatia, 1747
Died: 20.02.1806
Name Variants
also: Oreskovich
Promotions
Major: 1788
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor (title a.h.): 06.08.1805 (w.r.f. 31.12.1802)
Retired: 06.08.1805
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
Gatti, IngAk, p.216f. | MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| O25 |
Orosz
de Balázsfalva, Paul Freiherr von |
Personal Information
Born: around 1723
Died: Preßburg (Pozsony, Bratislava) / Hungary,
10.02.1804
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 10.04.1783 (w.r.f. 05.04.1783)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 16.01.1790 (w.r.f. 25.01.1790)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| O26 |
Orosz
de Csicsér-Balázsfalva, Joseph Freiherr |
Personal Information
Born: Raab (Györ) / Hungary, around 1713
Died: Kaschau (Košice, Kassa) / Com. Abaúj-Torna
/ Hungary, 11.05.1792
Promotions
Major: 1757
Oberstleutnant: 1758
Oberst: ~ 1760
Generalmajor: 19.11.1771 (w.r.f. 12.04.1764)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 09.04.17831 (w.r.f.
28.03.1783)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°31:
20.09.1780 – 11.05.1792
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
Blažekovič,
IR31, I, pp.111f., 146 | MilSchem | Wrede
1, p.338
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Blažekovič, IR31, I, p.112: 03.04.1783 (?)
| O27 |
Orsini
und Rosenberg, Franz Seraph Vincenz Ferrer Graf von
Orsini und Rosenberg,
Franz Seraph Vincenz Ferrer Fürst von |
Personal Information
Born: Graz / Styria, 18.10.1761
Died: Vienna, 04.08.1832
Name Variants
also: Rosenberg-Orsini
Family Status
Married: 1786 Marie Caroline Gräfin von Khevenhüller-Metsch
(1767-1811)
Promotions
Major: 14.07.1789
Oberstleutnant: 28.07.1790
Oberst: 14.(27.?)05.1794
Generalmajor: 18.09.1796 (w.r.f. 28.09.1796)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 03.01.1801 (w.r.f. 07.01.1801)
General der Kavallerie: 29.04.1814
Retired: 30.08.1830
Field Command (1792-1815)
Commander of the 4th Army Corps: 02.-11.1809
Elevation of Social Status
Fürst (by succession): 28.11.1796
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Golden Fleece: 06.01.1808
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 19.12.1790
/ CC: 18.08.1801
Colonel-Proprietor of the Dragoon Regiment N°13
/ (since 1802:) Chevauxleger Regiment N°6: 04.1801 – 04.08.1832
I.R. Privy Councillor: 1813
I.R. Chamberlain: 1778
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Born on 18 October 1761, in Graz, Franz Seraph Graf
von Orsini-Rosenberg (since 1796) came from an old Bohemian-Italian family. In
1780 he entered the Carabinier Regiment "Toscana" as a lieutenant. By 1785 he
was a captain. In 1787, at the start of the wars against the Turks, he transferred
to Chevauxleger Regiment "Kinsky" N°7. At this time, a squadron of the regiment
was equipped with lances (like those carried by the Turkish Spahis), as an experiment;
Orsini commanded this squadron. On 22 July 1788, they received their baptism
of fire at the Bazanja dam on the River Save. Here, on Orsini's initiative, they
charged to the aid of the hard-pressed Infantry Regiment "Pellegrini" N°49.
There was an intense melee, but the Austrians, although heavily outnumbered,
won the day. For this, he was promoted to Oberstleutnant in Cuirassier
Regiment "Mack"
N°20 and awarded the Military Maria Theresian Order (KC) on 19 December 1790.
In 1792, his regiment was sent to the upper Rhine,
where it was distinguished in the clash at Bergzabern in 1793. By 1794, Orsini
was Oberst and commander of his regiment. In 1795, he served in the Army
of the Upper Rhine, under GdK Graf von Wurmser; he was distinguished in the victory
in the siege of Mannheim (19 October-22 November) and in the clash at Frankenthal
on 12 November. In 1796 he fought in the battle of Malsch (9 July), in FZM Graf
Baillet de Latour's column against Desaix's corps. After the battle of Neresheim
(11 August), he moved north, with Erzherzog Carl's army, to go to the aid of
FZM Graf von Wartensleben's army in the Oberpfalz. In the clash at Amberg (24
August), he destroyed a square of three battalions in Jourdan's rearguard (23e
Demi-Brigade ?) and took two colours. He was again distinguished in the battle
of Würzburg on 2 September. On 18 September 1796, Orsini was promoted to Generalmajor and
put in command of a cavalry brigade in Hotze's division in Latour's Right Wing
of Wurmser's Army of the Upper Rhine.
In 1799, he commanded part of Erzherzog Carl's advance
guard in Swabia and fought at Ostrach (21 March), Stockach (25 March) and at
Frauenfeld (Switzerland) on 25 May, where he was wounded by a sabre cut to the
head. He also fought in the 1st battle of Zürich on 4 June. The army now
returned to Swabia; on 18 September, Orsini was again distinguished at the storming
of the Neckarau redoubts at Mannheim, where he took seveal hundred prisoners
and opened the way to the capture of the city.
The next year, he again served in Swabia, under FML
Graf von Nauendorf; he fought at Engen (3 May), Mösskirch (5 May) and Biberach
on 9 May. Shortly after this, he was sacked for being "too critical of his superiors
and colleagues". He was soon reinstated however, and on 3 January 1801, he was
promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant and made Proprietor of the newly-raised
Dragoon Regiment N°13. On 18 August of that year, he was awarded the Commander's
Cross of the MMTO.
In 1805 the prince commanded a division in Davidovich's
corps on the left wing of the army in Italy but did not fight at Caldiero on
29-31 October, being sent to Colognola Alta, to act as right flank guard for
the army. In 1808 he became a knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece.
During the campaign of 1809 he commanded the IV Army
Corps. He fought at Teugn-Hausen on 19 April, Eggmühl (22 April), at Aspern
(21-22 April) and at Wagram (5-6 May), where his corps held the left wing key
position of Markgrafneusiedel, on which point Napoleon forced the Austrians to
retreat. Following this campaign, he seems to have fallen into disfavour. He
was appointed General Inspector of Cavalry in Austria and in 1811 was appointed
a member of the Aulic War Council. Two years later Orsini was made Privy Councillor
followed by his promotion to General der Kavallerie the next year. He
retired on 30 August 1830 and he died on 4 August 1832 in Vienna.
Printed Sources
Hirtenfeld 1, p.583ff. | MilSchem | ÖBL
7, p.252 | Ogris, Irmtraut: Franz Seraphin Fürst Orsini-Rosenberg.
1761-1832, Ph.D. thesis, Vienna 1941 | Vlies-Orden, p.187, N°871 | Wrede,
DR6, pp.648f. (wrong: b. 1765), 669 (wrong: Oberstleutnant in 1789), 928f. | Wrede
3, p.312 | Wurzbach 27, p.1ff. | WZ, 09.(/13.)01.1808, 11.05.1814,
25.07.1814 | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.39 | Zivkovic, Heerführer,
p.130
Internet Sources
Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/rosenberg.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Orsini-Rosenberg, Helge: Die Familie Orsini-Rosenberg
(http://orsini-rosenberg.at)
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Theroff (http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/orsini.html)
| O28 |
Ott,
Peter Karl von
Ott von Bátorkés,
Peter Karl Freiherr |
Personal Information
Born: Gran (Esztergom) / Hungary, 1738
Died: Ofen (Buda) / Hungary, 10.05.1809
Name Variants
also: Bátorkéz
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst: 1789
Generalmajor: 01.01.1794 (w.r.f. 20.12.1791)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 01.03.1797 (w.r.f. 04.02.1797)
Retired: 1805
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Adlatus of the Commanding General in Hungary: 1800/01 – 1805
Field Command (1792-1815)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
Monte Fascia: 07.04.1800 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat of
San Martino d’Albaro: 30.04.1800 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces during the siege
of Genua: 19.04.-04.06.1800 (+)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle of
Montebello (Casteggio): 09.06.1800 (–)
Elevation of Social Status
Freiherr: 16.05.1791 (with predicate: "von Bátorkés")
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 19.12.1790
/ CC: 13.10.1799
Colonel-Proprietor of the Hussar Regiment N°5:
1801 – 10.05.1809
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Born in 1738 in Gran (Esztergom) Peter Karl von Ott
(Freiherr von Bátorkés since 1791) entered a military engineering
academy and graduated as Fähnrich, into Infantry Regiment "Andlau" N°57,
in August 1757. He fought in the Seven Years War and was several times distinguished,
particulary at Landshut (23 June 1760) and at Liegnitz (15 August 1760), where
he received a head wound. As a reward for his conduct, he was promoted to Lieutenant
in Hussar Regiment "Pálffy" N°7. In the War of the Bavarian Succession,
he was a major in Hussar Regiment "Kálnoky" N°17, and served with
his regiment. In the wars against the Turks (1787-92) he was Oberstleutnant,
still in this regiment. On 19 June 1788, he was at Valje Muliere, near the castle
of Törzburg in Rumania (seat of the notorious Graf Vlad Dracula). His post
was attacked by over 2,000 Turkish soldiers, but he held it against all their
efforts. Shortly after this, he was promoted to Oberst and given command
of his regiment. In 1789, he fought at Kimpolung, Rimnik and Porceny. On 26 June,
he stormed the defences of Calafat. For this, he was awarded the Knight's Cross
of the Military Maria Theresian Order on 19 December 1790.
In 1793, he served in the Army of the Upper Rhine
and was distinguished at Offenbach on 17 May, where he took 4 guns and several
ammunition wagons. He later came to prominence in the defence of Schaid (18-19
September), the assault on Brumath (18 October) and in various other actions.
On 1 January 1794, he was promoted to Generalmajor. In the years 1794-95,
he again fought on the upper Rhine.
In 1796 Ott served under Wurmser, and accompanied
him down to Italy, in the attempted relief of Mantua. On 12 September, he and
GM Funk were involved in an ambush on the 12e Demi-Briagde Léger under
GdB Charles-François Charton at Castellaro, near Mantua. General Charton
was killed, Chef-de-Brigade Dugoulot, 8 officers and 400 men were captured. Wurmser
was informed of these events as he was advancing down the Brenta valley on Bassano;
he decided to continue in the hope of causing Napoleon to chase him down onto
the Italian plains. Napoleon concurred, and sent Augereau's division from Trient
down the Brenta towards Bassano. On 7 September, Augereau crushed three battalions
of Grenzers (Wurmser's rearguard) at Primolano, causing 1,500 casualties and
taking five guns. Napoleon's speed was such that he caught up with Wurmser's
main body at Bassano on 8 September and won a convincing victory. The Austrians
lost 2,600 casualties, 30 guns and much of their baggage including two pontoon
trains. Wurmser withdrew south down the left bank of the River Brenta via Fontaniva
to Vicenza, but Quosdanovich's division was cut off and fell back east into the
Friaul. Sebottendorf joined Wurmser in Vicenza on 8 September; Wurmser now had
16,000 men together. He decided to run for Mantua and next day picked up Meszaros'
division at Montebello on the River Alpone. As soon as Napoleon heard this, he
rushed after him, hoping to catch the Austrians in the open; he sent Augereau
south to Padua to ensure that his prey did not double back into the Friaul. Masséna
chased after Wurmser at great speed, crossing the Etsch at Ronco on 10 September.
Wurmser crossed that river at Legnano, to the south of Ronco, on the same day.
He left a rearguard brigade there and on 11 September went on for Mantua. That
day, GM Ott, commanding his Avantgarde, collided with Murat and Pijon (Massena's
Avantgarde) at Ceria, where, after a hard fight, the French were defeated with
a loss of 1,200 men and 6 guns. Wurmser marched on through the night; next day
he clashed with some of GdD Jean-Joseph-François Sahuguet's men at Villa
Impenta, brushed them aside and entered Mantua on 12 September. Ott's brigade
was with them, and fought at La Favorita on 15 September against GdD Sahuguet's
superior force, to cover Wurmser's entry into Mantua. The whole force was shut
up in the place until it surrendered in February 1797. On 1 March 1797, Ott was
promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant.
In the campaign of 1799, Ott again served in Italy;
on 21 April he took Brescia and commanded in the battle of Cassano on 27-78 April.
During the Austrian siege of Mantua, he commanded the covering force against
Parma and Piacenza. His division decided the outcome of the three-day battle
of the Trebbia River (17-20 June). On 9 July, he took Fort Urban and again was
distinguished in the battle of Novi on 15 August 1799. On 18 September, he was
involved in a sharp clash with GdD Grenier's division at Savigliano. Despite
being sick this day, he won the action and pushed Grenier back to Fort Domont,
in the Val de Grana, causing him 2,000 casualties and taking two guns. On 13
October, he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the MMTO.
In early 1800, FML Ott commanded a division in northwestern
Italy. He took part in the siege of Genoa and on 6 April fought at Mont Fascio,
just outside the city, where he was defeated by Soult. Ott counter-attacked on
9 April at La Bochetta and avenged this defeat. On 13 May, he again defeated
Soult at Monte Creto; Soult was wounded and taken prisoner. Massena capitulated
on 4 June. Ott then raced to support Melas at Alessandria, where Napoleon was
concentrating his army. On 9 June, Ott clashed with Bonaparte at Casteggio, was
defeated and withdrew westwards on Alessandria. On 14 June, he commanded the
Left Column at Marengo. In 1801 he was made Proprietor of Hussar Regiment N°5,
and was posted to Budapest. He retired in 1805 and died in that city on 10 May
1809.
Printed Sources
ADB 24, p.553ff. | Bodart, pp.350, 352, 354,
355 | Borus, p.40f. | Frank 4, p.21 | Gatti, IngAk, p.197f. | Hirtenfeld
1, p.552f. | MD 8, p.89 | MilSchem | Wrede 3, p.255 | Wurzbach
21, p.125ff.
Internet Sources
Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/ott.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| O29 |
Otto,
Rudolf Ritter von |
Personal Information
Born: St. Georgenberg near Weissenfels / Saxony,
28.05.1735
Died: St. Johannisberg (near Königgrätz)
/ Bohemia, 07.08.1811
Promotions
Major: 1777
Oberstleutnant: 1783
Oberst: 1784
Generalmajor: 03.11.1788 (w.r.f. 28.10.1788)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 01.01.1794 (w.r.f. 23.12.1793)
General der Kavallerie (a.h.): 28.02.1803
Retired: 1803
Field Service (1792-1815)
Commander of the allied forces at the combat of Villers-en-Cauchie:
24.04.1794 (+)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 25.05.1794
2nd Colonel-Proprietor of the Hussar Regiment N°32
/ (since 1798:) N°3: 1794
– 07.08.1811
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Rudolf Ritter von Otto – born in 1735, near
Weissenfels in Saxony – entered the Saxon army as Fähnrich in
1753, in the Chevauxleger Regiment "Prinz Carl". In the Seven Years War, he fought
in the battle of Kolin (18 June 1757), Breslau (22 November of that year and
at Kuttenberg, Mosberg, Lissa and at the siege of Schweidnitz. In 1758 he was
involved in the raid on the Prussian Dragoon Regiment N°5 at Hollitsch and
the capture of the Prussian supply train at Domstadtl. In 1759 he fought at the
siege of Neisse. His brother, Oberst Wilhelm Ludwig von Otto, was already in
Austrian service; he had raised a Freikorps and now called for his brother to
join him. The young Otto transferred into Austrian service as an Unterleutnant and
was given command of 100 mounted Jägers. In the winter of 1760, he ambushed
a detail of Prussian hussars at Havelbrücke in the Voigtland, commanded
the advanced guard in the raid on Langensalza, Weissensee, Merseburg and Halle.
In 1761, he was promoted to Oberleutnant. He then raised his own Chevauxleger
squadron, with which, in 1762, he ambushed a Prussian Cuirassier regiment in
Arnstadt, taking an officer and 80 troopers prisoner. At the end of the Seven
Years War, he entered Austrian service as Oberleutnant in Dragoon Regiment "Hessen-Darmstadt"
N°19 in Hungary. In 1769 he was promoted to captain and became famous for
producing new cavalry training regulations. In 1777, he was promoted to Major,
in Hussar Regiment "Graeven" N°34. In 1783, due to his success in improving
this regiment's efficiency, the emperor promoted him to Oberstleutnant and
regimental commander, and in 1784 to Oberst. In the wars against the Turks,
Colonel Otto shone, particularly in 1788, where he fought in the Banat. He led
his hussars through the mountains to attack the Turks in Csernetz, in Wallachia
and saved the Austrian rearguard at Cornia. On 3 November 1788, he was promoted
to Generalmajor. The next year, during the siege of Belgrade, FM Graf
von Loudon ordered him to throw a bridge over the Danube between Pancsowa and
Belgrade, to protect it and to patrol aggressively in the area. Otto accomplished
not only these tasks, but also took the fort at Semendria, and forced the Sereskia,
Abdi Pascha, at Csupria to withdraw, leaving 28 guns and three horse-tail banners
in Otto's hands. At the end of the war, Otto was stationed in Ofen and Galicia.
In 1793, GM Otto was posted to the Austrian army
of FM Prinz Friedrich Josias von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld in Flanders. He was
given command of half the Avantgarde under Erzherzog Carl and fought at the sieges
of Condé and Valenciennes; on 23 May he distinguished himself in the battle
of Famars, where he took seven guns. On 7 August he was again distinguished at
the battle of Caesar's Camp, the plan for which, he had drafted. On 12 September
1793, he commanded in the brilliant cavalry success at Avesnes-le-Sec and on
30 October, led the attack, which re-took the lost post of Marchiennes. On 1
January 1794, Otto was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant and appointed
2nd Proprietor of Hussar Regiment N°32. He was then given command of the
Austrian troops, attached to the Duke of York's British corps. He fought at the
siege of Landrecies (21-30 April 1794). On 24 April of that year, FML Otto commanded
the allied cavalry in the stunning victory of Villers-en-Cauchie. He was again
victorious at Le Cateau two days later. After the allied defeat at Tourcoing
on 17-18 May, Otto commanded the rearguard. On 25 May 1794, he was awarded the
Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresian Order. His involvement with the
British now ended and he was given command of the Austrian Avantgarde. The tide
of the war turned against the allies; after the battle of Fleurus (26 June 1794)
he was ordered to withdraw. In 1795, Otto requested to be allowed to retire on
grounds of health; this was not granted. In 1796, he was posted to Bohemia and
in the next year, he was given command of a corps in Italy, which he had to decline,
on health grounds. He received a post in Vienna, in the Aulic War Council. On
1 February 1803, Otto was promoted to General der Kavallerie upon retirement.
He retired to Bohemia and died on 7 August 1811, on his estate of St. Johannisberg,
near Königgrätz.
Printed Sources
ADB 24, p.761ff. | Bodart, p.287 | Hirtenfeld
1, p.397f. | MilSchem | ÖMZ, year 1842, vol.4, p.227ff.: Biographie
des k.k. Generals der Kavallerie Rudolph von Otto. Nach einer von ihm hinterlassenen,
im Jahre 1804 verfaßten biographischen Skizze | Wenzlik-Ebert, p.24ff. | Wrede
3, p.243 | Wurzbach 21, p.136ff. | Zivkovic, Generalität,
p.37
Internet Sources
Ebert (http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/otto.html)
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| O30 |
Otto
von Le Grand, Franz |
Personal Information
Born: around 1724
Died: 26.02.1812
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 01.05.1803 (w.r.f. 09.12.1802)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
|
Placed on the Napoleon Series: July 2008
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