The British Peerage in 1818

The title of duke ranks the highest in the British peerage, preceeding the titles of marquess, earl, viscount and baron. It is the least common title to be created by the monarch; the only non-Royal dukedom created by King George III during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Eras was the dukedom of Wellington (in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and Ireland) on 11.05.1814.

During this period, however, five non-Royal ducal titles became extinct 每 Chandos (29.09.1789), Montagu (23.05.1790), Bolton (25.12.1794), Bridgwater (08.03.1803), and Ancaster and Kesteven (08.02.1809).

The dukedom of Chandos was created by King George I in 1719 in the Peerage of Great Britain. The title was last held by James Brydges, 3^rd Duke of Chandos (16.12.1731-29.09.1789). He inheirited it from his father, Henry Brydges, 2^nd Duke of Chandos (01.08.1708-28.11.1771). The dukedom of Buckingham and Chandos was created by King George IV for James Brydges' son-in-law, Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville (20.03.1776-15.05.1836) in 1822.

Re-created by King George III on 05.11.1766 in the Peerage of Great Britain, the dukedom of Montagu was given to George Brudenell, 4^thEarl of Cardigan (26.07.1712-23.05.1790). Brudenell had married Lady Mary Montagu, the youngest daughter of John Montagu, 2^nd Duke of Montagu, on 07.07.1730. The 2^nd Duke died on 05.07.1749 with no male heirs; Brudenell legally changed his name to George Montagu ten days later. As his only son had died on 11.04.1770, the title created for George Montagu in 1766 became extinct at his death in 1790.

Created by King William III on 09.04.1689, the dukedom of Bolton was last held by Admiral Harry Paulet, 6^th Duke of Bolton (06.11.1720-25.12.1794). He inheirited the title from his unmarried brother, Sir Charles Paulet, 5^th Duke of Bolton (1718-05.07.1765), who committed suicide in London.

The dukedom of Bridgwater was created by King George I on 18.06.1720 in the Peerage of Great Britain. The title was last held by Francis Egerton, 3^rd Duke of Bridgwater (21.05.1736-08.03.1803). He inheirited it from his unmarried brother, John Egerton, 2^nd Duke of Bridgwater (29.04.1727-26.02.1747), who died of fever, aged 20.

The dukedom of Ancaster and Kesteven was created by King George I on 26.07.1715 in the Peerage of Great Britain. The title was last held by Brownlow Bertie, 5^th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven (01.05.1729-08.02.1809). He inheirited the title from his unmarried nephew, Robert Bertie, 4^th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven (17.10.1756-08.07.1779), who had held the title for less than a year before dying of scarlet fever, aged 22.

In 1818, there were 25 non-Royal dukedoms; 11 in the Peerage of England, 7 in the Peerage of Scotland, 6 in the Peerage of Great Britain and Ireland and 1 in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and Ireland.

I. Eleven dukedoms in the Peerage of England (until 1707)

Bernard Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 12^th Duke of Norfolk (21.11.1765-16.03.1842), inheirited his title from his childless third cousin, Charles Howard, 11^th Duke of Norfolk, on 16.12.1815.

Edward Adolphus Seymour, 11^th Duke of Somerset (24.02.1775-15.08.1855), inheirited his title from his father, Webb Seymour, 10^th Duke of Somerset, on 15.12.1793.

3. Richmond (created 09.08.1675; England) and 3. Lennox (created 09.09.1675; Scotland)

Sir Charles Lennox, 4^th Duke of Richmond and Lennox (09.12.1764-28.08.1819) inheirited his title from his uncle, Charles Lennox, 3^rd Duke of Richmond and Lennox, on 29.12.1806.[1]

George Henry Fitzroy, 4^th Duke of Grafton (14.01.1760-28.09.1844), inheirited his title from his father, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3^rd Duke of Grafton, on 14.03.1811.[2]

Sir Henry Charles Somerset, 6^th Duke of Beaufort (22.12.1766-23.11.1835) inheirited his title from his father, Sir Henry Somerset, 5^th Duke of Beaufort, on 11.10.1803.

William Beauclerk, 8^th Duke of St. Albans (18.12.1766-17.07.1825), inheirited his title from his 10-month-old nephew, Aubrey Beauclerk, 7^th Duke of St. Albans, on 19.02.1816.[3]

Sir John Russell, 6^th Duke of Bedford (06.07.1766-20.10.1839) inheirited his title from his older brother Francis Russell, 5^th Duke of Bedford, on 02.03.1802. Their father had been killed by a fall from his horse on 22.03.1767, aged 27.

William George Spencer Cavendish, 6^th Duke of Devonshire (21.05.1790-18.01.1858), inheirited his title from his father, William Cavendish, 5^th Duke of Devonshire, on 29.07.1811.

George William Frederick Osborne, 6^th Duke of Leeds (21.07.1775-10.07.1838) inheirited his title from his father, Francis Osborne, 5^th Duke of Leeds, on 31.01.1799.

Sir George Spencer, 4^th Duke of Marlborough (26.01.1739-29.01.1817) inheirited his title from his father, Sir Charles Spencer, 3^rd Duke of Marlborough, on 20.10.1758.

John Henry Manners, 5^th Duke of Rutland (04.01.1778-20.01.1857), inheirited his title from his father, Charles Manners, 4^th Duke of Rutland, on 24.10.1787.

II. Seven dukedoms in the Peerage of Scotland (until 1707)

12. Hamilton (created 12.04.1643; Scotland) and 12. Brandon (10.09.1711; Great Britain)

Archibald Douglas-Hamilton, 9^th Duke of Hamilton and 6^th Duke of Brandon (15.07.1740-16.02.1819) inheirited his titles from his nephew, James George Douglas-Hamilton, 8^th Duke of Hamilton and 5^th Duke of Brandon, on 02.08.1799.[4]

13. Buccleuch (created 20.04.1663; Scotland) and 13. Queensberry (created 1684; Scotland)

Sir Charles William Henry Montagu-Scott, 4^th Duke of Buccleuch and 6^th Duke of Queensberry (24.05.1772-20.04.1819) inheirited his titles from his father, Sir Henry Scott, 3^rd Duke of Buccleuch and 5^th Duke of Queensberry, on 11.01.1812.[5]

Sir Alexander Gordon, 4^th Duke of Gordon (18.06.1743-17.06.1827), inheirited his title from his father, Sir Cosmo George Gordon, 3^rd Duke of Gordon, on 05.08.1752.[6]

Sir George William Campbell, 6^th Duke of Argyll (22.09.1768-22.10.1839) inheirited his title from his father, Field-Marshal Sir John Campbell, 5^th Duke of Argyll, on 24.05.1806.[7]

Sir John Murray, 4^th Duke of Atholl (30.06.1755-29.09.1830) inheirited his title from his father, Sir John Murray, 3^rd Duke of Atholl, on 05.11.1774.

James Graham, 3^rd Duke of Montrose (08.09.1755-30.12.1836) inheirited his title from his father, William Graham, 2^nd Duke of Montrose, on 23.09.1790.

After lying dormant for seven years after the 4^th Duke of Roxburghe's death on 23.10.1805, the title was given to Sir James Innes (10.01.1736-19.07.1823), the great-grandson of a grand-daughter of the 1^st Earl of Roxburghe.[8]

III. Six dukedoms in the Peerage of Great Britain and Ireland (1707-1801)

William Henry Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 4^th Duke of Portland (24.06.1768-27.03.1854) inheirited his title from his father, William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, 3^rd Duke of Portland 每 and former Prime Minister (02.04.1783-18.12.1783 and 31.03.1807-04.10.1809) 每 on 30.10.1809.

William Montagu, 5^th Duke of Manchester (21.10.1771-18.03.1843), inheirited his title from his father, George Montagu, 4^th Duke of Manchester, on 02.09.1788.

Charles Sackville-Germain, 5^th Duke of Dorset (27.08.1767-29.07.1843), inheirited his title from his cousin's son, George John Frederick Sackville, 4^th Duke of Dorset, on 14.12.1815. Charles Sackville-Germain had succeeded his father as 2^nd Viscount Sackville on 26.08.1785.

Henry Pelham Pelham-Clinton, 4^th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne (30.01.1785-12.01.1851) inheirited his title from his father, Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3^rd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, on 18.05.1795.[9]

Hugh Percy, 3^rd Duke of Northumberland (20.04.1795-11.02.1847) inheirited his title from his father, General Hugh Percy, 2^nd Duke of Northumberland, on 10.07.1817.

Augustus Frederick FitzGerald, 3^rd Duke of Leinster (21.08.1791-10.08.1874) inheirited his title from his father, William Robert FitzGerald, 2^nd Duke of Leinster, on 20.10.1804.

IV. One dukedom in the Peerage of United Kingdom and Ireland (1801-present)

King George III created this dukedom for Field-Marshal Sir Arthur Wellesley, 1^st Marquess of Wellington (01.05.1769-14.09.1852).

[1] Charles Lennox, 1^st Duke of Richmond and Lennox (1672-1723), was the youngest illegitimate son of King Charles II of Great Britain.

[2] Henry Fitzroy, 1^st Duke of Grafton (1663-1690) was the eldest illegitimate son of King Charles II of Great Britain.

[3] Charles Beauclerk, 1^st Duke of St. Albans (1670-1726), was the second illegitimate son of King Charles II of Great Britain.

[4] The dukedom of Brandon was not an inheiritance; Lieutenant-General Sir James Hamilton, 4^th Duke of Hamilton (11.04.1658-15.11.1712) was created 1^st Duke of Brandon on 10.09.1711.

[5] When William Douglas, 4^th Duke of Queensberry (1724-23.12.1810) died without a legitimate heir, Sir Henry Scott inheirited the dukedom through his grand-mother, Lady Jane Douglas (24.05.1701-31.08.1729). The daughter of the 2^nd Duke of Queensberry, Douglas had married Sir Francis Scott, 2^nd Duke of Buccleuch on 05.04.1720.

[6] The 6^th Duke of Richmond and Lennox was created 1^st Duke of Gordon (in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and Ireland) by Queen Victoria in 1876, thus giving the family three ducal titles.

[7] The Campbell family holds two dukedoms named Argyll; Queen Victoria created the second dukedom in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and Ireland on 07.08.1892.

[8] In 1812, Sir James Innes changed his surname to Innes-Ker and became the 5^th Duke of Roxburghe.

[9] The family's other ducal title (Newcastle-upon-Tyne) became extinct on 17.11.1768.


Peerage of England Peerage of Scotland Peerage of Great Britain and Ireland Peerage of United Kingdom and Ireland Sources Notes	The British Peerage in 1818: the Dukedoms By Stephen Millar The title of duke ranks the highest in the British peerage, preceeding the titles of marquess, earl, viscount and baron. It is the least common title to be created by the monarch; the only non-Royal dukedom created by King George III during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Eras was the dukedom of Wellington (in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and Ireland) on 11.05.1814. During this period, however, five non-Royal ducal titles became extinct 每 Chandos (29.09.1789), Montagu (23.05.1790), Bolton (25.12.1794), Bridgwater (08.03.1803), and Ancaster and Kesteven (08.02.1809). The dukedom of Chandos was created by King George I in 1719 in the Peerage of Great Britain. The title was last held by James Brydges, 3^rd Duke of Chandos (16.12.1731-29.09.1789). He inheirited it from his father, Henry Brydges, 2^nd Duke of Chandos (01.08.1708-28.11.1771). The dukedom of Buckingham and Chandos was created by King George IV for James Brydges' son-in-law, Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville (20.03.1776-15.05.1836) in 1822. Re-created by King George III on 05.11.1766 in the Peerage of Great Britain, the dukedom of Montagu was given to George Brudenell, 4^thEarl of Cardigan (26.07.1712-23.05.1790). Brudenell had married Lady Mary Montagu, the youngest daughter of John Montagu, 2^nd Duke of Montagu, on 07.07.1730. The 2^nd Duke died on 05.07.1749 with no male heirs; Brudenell legally changed his name to George Montagu ten days later. As his only son had died on 11.04.1770, the title created for George Montagu in 1766 became extinct at his death in 1790. Created by King William III on 09.04.1689, the dukedom of Bolton was last held by Admiral Harry Paulet, 6^th Duke of Bolton (06.11.1720-25.12.1794). He inheirited the title from his unmarried brother, Sir Charles Paulet, 5^th Duke of Bolton (1718-05.07.1765), who committed suicide in London. The dukedom of Bridgwater was created by King George I on 18.06.1720 in the Peerage of Great Britain. The title was last held by Francis Egerton, 3^rd Duke of Bridgwater (21.05.1736-08.03.1803). He inheirited it from his unmarried brother, John Egerton, 2^nd Duke of Bridgwater (29.04.1727-26.02.1747), who died of fever, aged 20. The dukedom of Ancaster and Kesteven was created by King George I on 26.07.1715 in the Peerage of Great Britain. The title was last held by Brownlow Bertie, 5^th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven (01.05.1729-08.02.1809). He inheirited the title from his unmarried nephew, Robert Bertie, 4^th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven (17.10.1756-08.07.1779), who had held the title for less than a year before dying of scarlet fever, aged 22. In 1818, there were 25 non-Royal dukedoms; 11 in the Peerage of England, 7 in the Peerage of Scotland, 6 in the Peerage of Great Britain and Ireland and 1 in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and Ireland. I. Eleven dukedoms in the Peerage of England (until 1707) 1. Norfolk (created 1483; England) Bernard Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 12^th Duke of Norfolk (21.11.1765-16.03.1842), inheirited his title from his childless third cousin, Charles Howard, 11^th Duke of Norfolk, on 16.12.1815. 2. Somerset (created 1547; England) Edward Adolphus Seymour, 11^th Duke of Somerset (24.02.1775-15.08.1855), inheirited his title from his father, Webb Seymour, 10^th Duke of Somerset, on 15.12.1793. 3. Richmond (created 09.08.1675; England) and 3. Lennox (created 09.09.1675; Scotland) Sir Charles Lennox, 4^th Duke of Richmond and Lennox (09.12.1764-28.08.1819) inheirited his title from his uncle, Charles Lennox, 3^rd Duke of Richmond and Lennox, on 29.12.1806.[1] 4. Grafton (created 1675; England) George Henry Fitzroy, 4^th Duke of Grafton (14.01.1760-28.09.1844), inheirited his title from his father, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3^rd Duke of Grafton, on 14.03.1811.[2] 5. Beaufort (created 02.12.1682; England) Sir Henry Charles Somerset, 6^th Duke of Beaufort (22.12.1766-23.11.1835) inheirited his title from his father, Sir Henry Somerset, 5^th Duke of Beaufort, on 11.10.1803. 6. St. Albans (created 1684; England) William Beauclerk, 8^th Duke of St. Albans (18.12.1766-17.07.1825), inheirited his title from his 10-month-old nephew, Aubrey Beauclerk, 7^th Duke of St. Albans, on 19.02.1816.[3] 7. Bedford (created 11.05.1694; England) Sir John Russell, 6^th Duke of Bedford (06.07.1766-20.10.1839) inheirited his title from his older brother Francis Russell, 5^th Duke of Bedford, on 02.03.1802. Their father had been killed by a fall from his horse on 22.03.1767, aged 27. 8. Devonshire (created 1694; England) William George Spencer Cavendish, 6^th Duke of Devonshire (21.05.1790-18.01.1858), inheirited his title from his father, William Cavendish, 5^th Duke of Devonshire, on 29.07.1811. 9. Leeds (created 04.05.1694; England) George William Frederick Osborne, 6^th Duke of Leeds (21.07.1775-10.07.1838) inheirited his title from his father, Francis Osborne, 5^th Duke of Leeds, on 31.01.1799. 10. Marlborough (created 14.12.1702; England) Sir George Spencer, 4^th Duke of Marlborough (26.01.1739-29.01.1817) inheirited his title from his father, Sir Charles Spencer, 3^rd Duke of Marlborough, on 20.10.1758. 11. Rutland (created 1703; England) John Henry Manners, 5^th Duke of Rutland (04.01.1778-20.01.1857), inheirited his title from his father, Charles Manners, 4^th Duke of Rutland, on 24.10.1787. II. Seven dukedoms in the Peerage of Scotland (until 1707) 12. Hamilton (created 12.04.1643; Scotland) and 12. Brandon (10.09.1711; Great Britain) Archibald Douglas-Hamilton, 9^th Duke of Hamilton and 6^th Duke of Brandon (15.07.1740-16.02.1819) inheirited his titles from his nephew, James George Douglas-Hamilton, 8^th Duke of Hamilton and 5^th Duke of Brandon, on 02.08.1799.[4] 13. Buccleuch (created 20.04.1663; Scotland) and 13. Queensberry (created 1684; Scotland) Sir Charles William Henry Montagu-Scott, 4^th Duke of Buccleuch and 6^th Duke of Queensberry (24.05.1772-20.04.1819) inheirited his titles from his father, Sir Henry Scott, 3^rd Duke of Buccleuch and 5^th Duke of Queensberry, on 11.01.1812.[5] 14. Gordon (created 1684; Scotland) Sir Alexander Gordon, 4^th Duke of Gordon (18.06.1743-17.06.1827), inheirited his title from his father, Sir Cosmo George Gordon, 3^rd Duke of Gordon, on 05.08.1752.[6] 15. Argyll (created 23.06.1701; Scotland) Sir George William Campbell, 6^th Duke of Argyll (22.09.1768-22.10.1839) inheirited his title from his father, Field-Marshal Sir John Campbell, 5^th Duke of Argyll, on 24.05.1806.[7] 16. Atholl (created 30.06.1703; Scotland) Sir John Murray, 4^th Duke of Atholl (30.06.1755-29.09.1830) inheirited his title from his father, Sir John Murray, 3^rd Duke of Atholl, on 05.11.1774. 17. Montrose (created 1707; Scotland) James Graham, 3^rd Duke of Montrose (08.09.1755-30.12.1836) inheirited his title from his father, William Graham, 2^nd Duke of Montrose, on 23.09.1790. 18. Roxburghe (created 1707; Scotland) After lying dormant for seven years after the 4^th Duke of Roxburghe's death on 23.10.1805, the title was given to Sir James Innes (10.01.1736-19.07.1823), the great-grandson of a grand-daughter of the 1^st Earl of Roxburghe.[8] III. Six dukedoms in the Peerage of Great Britain and Ireland (1707-1801) Brandon[see 'Hamilton and Brandon' above] 19. Portland (created 1716; Great Britain) William Henry Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 4^th Duke of Portland (24.06.1768-27.03.1854) inheirited his title from his father, William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, 3^rd Duke of Portland 每 and former Prime Minister (02.04.1783-18.12.1783 and 31.03.1807-04.10.1809) 每 on 30.10.1809. 20. Manchester (created 28.04.1719; Great Britain) William Montagu, 5^th Duke of Manchester (21.10.1771-18.03.1843), inheirited his title from his father, George Montagu, 4^th Duke of Manchester, on 02.09.1788. 21. Dorset (created 1720; Great Britain) Charles Sackville-Germain, 5^th Duke of Dorset (27.08.1767-29.07.1843), inheirited his title from his cousin's son, George John Frederick Sackville, 4^th Duke of Dorset, on 14.12.1815. Charles Sackville-Germain had succeeded his father as 2^nd Viscount Sackville on 26.08.1785. 22. Newcastle-under-Lyne (created 1757; Great Britain) Henry Pelham Pelham-Clinton, 4^th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne (30.01.1785-12.01.1851) inheirited his title from his father, Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3^rd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, on 18.05.1795.[9] 23. Northumberland (created 1766; Great Britain) Hugh Percy, 3^rd Duke of Northumberland (20.04.1795-11.02.1847) inheirited his title from his father, General Hugh Percy, 2^nd Duke of Northumberland, on 10.07.1817. 24. Leinster (created 1766; Ireland) Augustus Frederick FitzGerald, 3^rd Duke of Leinster (21.08.1791-10.08.1874) inheirited his title from his father, William Robert FitzGerald, 2^nd Duke of Leinster, on 20.10.1804. IV. One dukedom in the Peerage of United Kingdom and Ireland (1801-present) 25. Wellington (created 11.05.1814; United Kingdom) King George III created this dukedom for Field-Marshal Sir Arthur Wellesley, 1^st Marquess of Wellington (01.05.1769-14.09.1852). Sources: http://www.thepeerage.com/p1741.htm#i17410 http://www.freewebs.com/peerage/ http://www.stirnet.com/HTML/genie/british/bb4fz/brydges02.htm http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Bios/WilliamPaulet(1MWinchester).htm http://library.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTL039920.html http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/families/johnstones.htm http://www.chinet.com/~laura/html/titles02.html http://worldroots.com/foundation/britain/williamdouglasdesc1634.htm http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp03685 http://www.boughtonhouse.org.uk/htm/others/houses.htm http://www.victorianweb.org/history/pms/portland.html http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/st_albans.html http://www.hq69.dial.pipex.com/Pages/h_earl.html http://www.catholicity.com/encyclopedia/n/norfolk,catholic_dukes_of.html http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/gedx.html Notes [1] Charles Lennox, 1^st Duke of Richmond and Lennox (1672-1723), was the youngest illegitimate son of King Charles II of Great Britain. [2] Henry Fitzroy, 1^st Duke of Grafton (1663-1690) was the eldest illegitimate son of King Charles II of Great Britain. [3] Charles Beauclerk, 1^st Duke of St. Albans (1670-1726), was the second illegitimate son of King Charles II of Great Britain. [4] The dukedom of Brandon was not an inheiritance; Lieutenant-General Sir James Hamilton, 4^th Duke of Hamilton (11.04.1658-15.11.1712) was created 1^st Duke of Brandon on 10.09.1711. [5] When William Douglas, 4^th Duke of Queensberry (1724-23.12.1810) died without a legitimate heir, Sir Henry Scott inheirited the dukedom through his grand-mother, Lady Jane Douglas (24.05.1701-31.08.1729). The daughter of the 2^nd Duke of Queensberry, Douglas had married Sir Francis Scott, 2^nd Duke of Buccleuch on 05.04.1720. [6] The 6^th Duke of Richmond and Lennox was created 1^st Duke of Gordon (in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and Ireland) by Queen Victoria in 1876, thus giving the family three ducal titles. [7] The Campbell family holds two dukedoms named Argyll; Queen Victoria created the second dukedom in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and Ireland on 07.08.1892. [8] In 1812, Sir James Innes changed his surname to Innes-Ker and became the 5^th Duke of Roxburghe. [9] The family's other ducal title (Newcastle-upon-Tyne) became extinct on 17.11.1768. Placed on the Napoleon Series: May 2006 [ Miscellaneous Index \| More on the British Peerage ]

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The British Peerage in 1818: the Dukedoms

I. Eleven dukedoms in the Peerage of England (until 1707)

II. Seven dukedoms in the Peerage of Scotland (until 1707)

III. Six dukedoms in the Peerage of Great Britain and Ireland (1707-1801)

IV. One dukedom in the Peerage of United Kingdom and Ireland (1801-present)