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Military Cross-Reference Index There are numerous articles and papers that cover many different aspects of the Napoleonic Campaigns and Battles. There are memoirs, orders-of-battle, doctrine, and battlefield tours among others. There are are so many, we decided to list only those that dealt with specific battles and campaigns in this section. However, so that you can find all related documents, we have developed a Military Cross Reference Index. If you can not find the information you are looking for in the list below, check our Index.
1793Cinti, Maurizio
Goetz, Robert
1795Bois, Mark
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Hadaway, Stuart
Rolica: A Most Important Affair
A detailed look at Wellington's first battle in the Peninsula War.
Howard, Susan
The Bailen Enquiry
A fresh look at the documents relating to the Capitulation of Bailen of 1808 and to the resulting Imperial Enquiry of 1812.
Jones, Colin
Thomas Lord Cochrane: the Defense of Fort Trinity November - December
1808
A little known British operation along the east coast of Spain.
Mahon, Tim (Translator)
Recollections of capitaine de frégate Pierre Baste
Note: This paper won an Honorable Mention in the Best
Publication and/or Translation into English of New Archival Material or Books
Long Out of Print Category of the 2006 Napoleon Series Writing
Contest!
An eyewitness account of the early days of the French invasion of Spain, including a detailed description of Bailen.
McGuigan, R.
The British Army in Portugal and
Spain: Its Order-of-Battle (June 1808 - April 1809)
The British expeditionary force that was sent to the Iberian Peninsula underwent numerous changes in its organization in its first year there. Ron McGuigan has done a superb job tracking all of the changes in the order-of-battle!
Morillon, Paul
Capri, Octobre 1808: Opération
amphibie et "commandos" de l'Empereur
During the Napoleonic Wars, there were numerous raids and attacks by British forces on French held islands in the Mediterranean Sea. This piece, written in French, provides detailed information on the attack on Capri and includes orders-of-battle and numerous black and white illustrations of the uniforms of the participants.
Sandoval, Juan A. Patrón
The
Capitulation of Bailén according to an Eyewitness
of the Battle
La
Capitulación de Bailén Según
un Testigo Presencial de la Batalla (In Spanish)
An eyewitness accountof the battle of Bailén.
Scattolin, Roberto
The Inheritance of History: Ethics, Warfare, and the Bando of
Móstoles in 1808 Spain
A look at some of the factors in the Spanish popular uprising in 1808.
Smith, Richard H. P.
Getting Lost and Finding the Way: the Use, Misuse and Non-use of Maps and Reconnaissance for Route Planning in the Peninsular War (1807 – 1814)
How maps or the lack of maps affected the outcome of campaigns in the Peninsular War.
Sorando Muzás, Luis
Trophies of the Battle
of Bailen (Jaén) (19 July 1808)
Trofeos
de la Batalla de Bailen (Jaén), (19 Julio 1808) (In Spanish)
What happened to trophies captured by the Spanish at Bailen.
Unidades y Uniformes del Ejército Francés en los Sitios de Zaragoza (In Spanish)
French units and uniforms at the siege of Saragosa.
Spatt, Stefan
Four Actions in Finland during the
Russian-Swedish War of 1808-09
Four actions in 1808 in Finland.
A Vicious Combat in the Norwegian Woods: 1808
A look at the little known Swedish invasion of Norway.
1809
Bamford, Andrew
The Corps of Embodied Detachments, 1809
A little known unit of the British Army during the Walcheren Expedition.
Bamford, Andrew
The
The epidemic that devastated the British Army in 1809.
Burnham, Robert
British Battalions of Detachments
in 1809
Examines the role of two little known British units during the battles of Oporto and Talavera
Burnham, Robert
The British Expeditionary Force
to Walcheren: 1809
The organization of the British Force that invaded the Low Countries in 1809.
Centeno, João
Portuguese Army Actions:
1809
Combats, sieges, and battles that the Portuguese Army fought in.
Cueto, Dionisio Álvarez
The Armies at Talavera:
The Artwork of Dionisio Álvarez Cueto
Paintings by a Spanish artist who lives in Madrid.
Douglas, Howard
The French Bridging Operations
across the Danube in 1809
First published in 1832, this article provides technical detail on how the Danube was bridged in two separate operations.
Falls, Cyril
The Battle of La Coruña: Decisive in
a Vital Campaign
Translation of a Spanish article.
Gill, Jack
The
1809 War with Austria: the "Thunder on the Danube"
Archives
Latham, Paul
Battle of Mount Kitta (also called Kitta Mount) 16th May 1809
A little know battle of 1809.
McGuigan, Ron
Seniority of British Commanders
in Spain and Portugal in 1809
There were many British general officers serving in the Iberian Peninsula in 1809. Some had local rank and others permanent rank. Ron McGuigan does an excellent job sorting it all out!
Miley, Caroline (Translator)
The Spanish at Talavera (28-7-1809)
The role the Spanish blatted in the battle of Talavera.
Millar, Stephen
Austrian Order-of-Battle
at Wagram: 5 - 6 July 1809
A comprehensive order-of-battle down to the regimental level.
The French Army at Talavera de la Reyna: 27 - 28 July 1809
A detailed order-of-battle.
Remy, Nicolas
Denis
La
campagne de Sävar et Ratan (août 1809)
The 1809 Campaign in Sweden (in French)
Scattolin, Roberto
Castel Cerino 1809: Battle Events and Strategic Survey in Zanoli’s Memoirs
The battle seen through the eyes of a commissary officer in the Italian Royal Guards.
May 1809 – On Conduct and Leadership: a French view at Essling
Were Napoleon's methods of motivating his troops justified?
Bravery at the Brenta River: Ambrogio Uboldo and Stories of Valour
A look at an all but forgotten hero of the 1809 Campaign in Italy.
Piave River 1809: British Navy and Royal Marines Assault the Fort at Cortellazzo
A little known action in Italy.
South Tyrol 1809: When Faith Sustained Honour
A vicious combat in northern Italy.
Tennant, Richard
The German and Dutch Troops in Spain
A look at what troops were sent by the minor German States and the Kingdom of Holland to support Napoleon's invasion of Spain.
Vital-Durand, Gabriel
Eté 1809 – Le désastre de l’île de
Walcheren (Zélande)
An overview of the British expedition to Walcheren in 1809. (In French)
Wöber, Ferdi Irmfried
The Girl of Kismegyer at the Battle of Raab
A forgotten heroine of the 1809 Franco-Austrian War
1810
Bamford, Andrew
British
Forces at Cadiz 1810-1814: Organisation, Strength, and Losses
A detailed examination of the defense of Cadiz.
Boue, Gilles
Battin: l'Austerlitz russe 7 septembre
1810
A look at the battle that ended the Russo-Turk War. (In French)
Burnham, Robert
General Robert Craufurd's Letter to
General Wellington Reporting the Results of the Action on the River
Coa
The River Coa, Spain; 24 July 1810. The famous Light Division of the British Army is nearly cut-off and destroyed by a surprise attack by French forces under Marshal Ney.
Centeno, João
Portuguese Army Actions:
1810
Combats, sieges, and battles that the Portuguese Army fought in.
Howard, Susan
Military Discipline in Catalonia 1810-11
How Marshal MacDonald attempted to impose discipline on his army and prevent needless deaths by insurgents.
North, Jonathan
Attack along the Danube: The
Russo-Turkish War of 1810
This paper examines the Russian campaign of 1810 against the Ottoman Empire and how it set the stage for Russian embroilment in the region.
The Polish Victory at Fuengirola 14 October 1810
An account of the battle of Fuengirola, where a small Polish detachment beats a much larger British force.
Roberto A. Scattolin
Fallen Eagles:
a Story of French Military dissent in Iberia
The story of Marshal Stockpot!
Thompson, Mark S.
The Lines of Torres Vedras – 1809-14
An overiew of the famous defensive lines outside of Lisbon, Portugal.
1811
Centeno, João
Portuguese Army Actions:
1811
Combats, sieges, and battles that the Portuguese Army fought in.
Centeno, João and Donald E. Graves (Translators)
"At dawn, great firing
was heard:" A Spanish Eyewitness to the Sieges of Badajoz, 1811
A rare eyewitness account of the siege of Badajoz from a civilian inside the city.
Dempsey, Guy (Editor)
The Albuera Electronic Archives
Primary source relating to the battle.
A Polish Aide-de-Camp at Albuera 16 May 1811
Beresford’s Edited Dispatch to Wellington
The Bravery of Ensign Thomas 3rd Foot
Details of British and Portuguese Casualties at Albuera
Images of Allied Units
Images of French Units
Images of the Battle
Panorama of the Battlefield which is a panorama sketch of the battlefield done shortly after the battle
Portraits
The Ordeal of Lt. Matthew LathamGraves, Donald E.
Soult's Report on the Battle of Albuera, 16 May 1811
Marshal Soult's after-action-report
Major General Stewart's after-action-report
"Three times the French was take the bridge:" A King's German Legion Officer at Albuera, May 1811
A letter written shortly after the battle by a junior officer.
“We drove them back with charged bayonets:” A King’s German Legion Rifleman at Albuera
The battle, as seen from a private's viewpoint.
A German Officer on the Spanish Staff at Albuera, 1811
The battle, from the Spanish perspective.
Millar, Stephen
The French Army at Albuera:
16 May 1811
The French order-of-battle
Muzás, Luis Sorando
Trophies of
Albuera (May 16, 1811)
Trofeos de la
Albeura (16 de mayo de 1811) (In Spanish)
A look at the colours lost by the combattants at the battle of Albuera.
Scattolin, Roberto
Multiethnic Military
Dissent and Armed Resistance in 1811 Portugal: Controlling Conflict, Chaudron’s
Attested Choice and The Formation of the Independents
Desertion in the French Army in Portugal. . .
Tennant, Richard
Why the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro Was Wellington’s ‘Worse Scrape’ in 1811
How vulnerable was Wellington's position at Fuentes de Oñoro on 3 - 5 May 1811?
1812
Burnham, Robert
A Devil of an Affair:
the Combat at Majahalonda 11 August 1812
A little known, but vicious cavalry fight during the Peninsula War.
Centeno, João
Portuguese Army Actions:
1812
Combats, sieges, and battles that the Portuguese Army fought in.
Dawson, Paul
1812 Campaign Preparations and Logisitics
How Napoleon found horses to expand his cavalry for the invasion of Russia.
de Groot, Bas
The 124eme Regiment Infanterie de Ligne in Russia in 1812: Maps
Highly detailed maps of the 124th Regiment in the 1812 Campaign
Dominique Contant, Robert Ouvrard, and Jonathan Cooper
Marshal Suchet and the Siege
of Valencia
This paper won "Best Military Paper: Honorable Mention" in the 2003 Napoleon Series Writing Contest!
A look at how the French treated the Spanish who surrendered at Valencia.
Grodzinski, John R.
“Universally Esteemed by His Brothers
in Arms:” Lieutenant Edward de Salaberry, R.E. at
The story of a Canadian officer at the Siege of Badajoz
Kuhn, Anthony
Rivers and the Destruction
of Napoleon’s Grand
Army
The impact of rivers on the French Army in the 1812 Campaign.
Legrand, Thierry
1812. Russian Campaign on the Left Wing of the Grande Armée
An in-depth study of what was going on in the north during the Russian Campaign.
Leouard, François
1812: The Second Polish Campaign
An alternate view of the reason why Napoleon invaded Russia.
How Many Troops Did Napoleon Have on the Niemen in 1812?
A look at how accurate are the accepted strength figures are.
McGuigan, Ron
The British Army Stationed
in British North America 1812-1815
A listing of British regiments serving in North America
Mikaberidze, Alexander
The Mutiny of Generals:
Peter Bagration and Barclay de Tolly at Smolensk August, 1812
A major paper on the internal divisions in the Russian high command during the early days of the 1812 Campaign.
Orders-of-Battle, primary source documents, and articles about the battle.
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Muzás, Luis Sorando
Trophies Taken by the
British from the Napoleonic Army during the War of Spanish Independence
(Peninsular War) 1808 - 1814
Trofeos Tomados Por Los Británicos
Al Ejercito Napoleónico Durante La Guerra De La Independencia Española
( Peninsular War) 1808 – 1814
This paper won an Honorable Mention in Best Military Paper Category in the 2005 Napoleon Series Writing Contest!
What the British captured in six years of fighting.
Ortiz, Fernando
Civilian Casualties
during the Sack of Badajoz 1812
At look at how many civlians were killed or injured by British looters during the sack of Badajoz
Vovsi, Eman M.
French Numbered Infantry
Regiments At Borodino: 5 - 7 September 1812
A look at the French infantry order-of-battle at Borodino and the officers who led them.
1813
Burnham, Robert
British Artillery at
Vitoria: 21 June 1813
Order-of-Battle of the Anglo-Allied Artillery at this key battle of the Peninsula War.
Celle, J.Y.
Hanau 1813
An account of the Battle of Hanau. Article only available in French.
Centeno, João
Portuguese Army Actions:
1813
Combats, sieges, and battles that the Portuguese Army fought in.
de Groot, Bas
Russian Cossacks in Holland: 1813
Contemporary prints of the Cossacks in Holland in 1813!
Millar, Stephen
Allied Order-of-Battle at
Dresden: 26 - 27 August 1813
A detailed listing of the Allied units.
Allied Order-of-Battle at Leipzig: 16-18 October 1813
A huge order-of-battle that covers all of the Allied forces!
French Order-of-Battle at Leipzig: 16-18 October 1813
A massive order-of-battle that covers all of the French and their Allies!
Marc Geerdink-Schaftenaar
A Memoir of the Cossacks in the Netherlands, 22-24 November 1813
A Dutch merchant's encounter with Cossacks in Holland.
1814
Bamford, Andrew
Battalions of Detachments in 1814 – the Duke of York Responds to
Britain’s Manpower Shortfall
How the British assembled their force that would move into Holland. . .
The British Army in the Low Countries, 1813-1814
The British expedition in support of the Allies move against France.
Brito, Manuel Antonio
Le 4e Régiment de Dragons
à Nangis 1814
A look at a little known cavalry action in 1814. In French.
Centeno, João
Portuguese Army Actions:
1814
Combats, sieges, and battles that the Portuguese Army fought in.
Lasson, Ludovic. Translated by Yves Martin
The Russian Occupation of Nogent-sur-Seine,
February 1814
One of the on-going debates is why the French people still supported Napoleon in 1814 and then welcomed him back in 1815. Three contemporary testimonials were written by French civilians about the occupation of their town, Nogent-sur-Seine, by Russian Cossacks in February 1814. Are they eyewitness accounts at their best or is it propaganda?
Sandbekken, Martin
The Norwegian-Swedish War of 1814
Rather than accepting a union with Sweden, the Norwegians fought for their independence.
Weil, Maurice
The
Campaign of 1814, Volume I
The Campaign
of 1814, Volume II
The Campaign
of 1814, Volume III
The Campaign
of 1814, Volume IV
Translated by Greg Gorsuch
Maurice Weil's famous study of the 1814 Campaign in eastern France.
1815
British Army Theatre Returns: Flanders and France 1815
Copies of the Theatre Returns submitted on the 25th of each month.
General Miguel de Alava’s Account of Waterloo
The Spanish liaison officer to Wellington's Headquarters Account of the battle that was published by the Madrid Gazette on 13 July 1815.
List of Officers, Killed, Wounded, and Missing at the Battle of Quatre Bras: 16 June 1815
As published in the London Gazette.
List of Officers, Killed, Wounded, and Missing during the Retreat to Waterloo: 17 June 1815
As published in the London Gazette.
List of Officers, Killed, Wounded, and Missing at Waterloo: 18 June 1815
As published in the London Gazette.
Boersma, Hans
The Crossroads: Netherlands Forces
at Les Quatre Bras 15 - 16 June 1815
The Netherlands contribution to this key battle of the 1815 Campaign.
Quatre Bras: The Maps Use in Battleground Prelude to Waterloo Computer Wargame
A look at the historical maps that were used in the wargame.
A Very Pretty Little Battalion” The 3/14th Regiment of Foot in the Waterloo Campaign by Steve Brown
Contant, Dominique
French Orders and Reports
from the Waterloo Campaign
Original orders and reports written by senior French officers during the opening days of theWaterloo Campaign -- mostly from 16 June 1815.
Elmer, Bob
The Defense of Hougoumont
The importance of the walled farm of Hougoumont, lying in front of the western end of the Allied lines was emphasized by the elite troops that Wellington assigned to its defence...
Hanley, Wayne
“. . . Not so bad as some say”: Ney at Quatre Bras
A re-look at Marshal Ney's performance at Quatre Bras.
Glover, Gareth
Mercer's Troop at Waterloo
How accurate are his memoirs?
de Groot, Bas
Chassé's Division
at Waterloo: Two Eye-witness Accounts
Rare accounts of the battle from two Dutch soldiers and the role of the Dutch in defeating the Imperial Guard.
Libert, Fons
The Hundred Days
This is the story of Napoleon's last campaign, culminating in his final defeat at Waterloo.
McGuigan, Ron
Anglo-Allied Army in Flanders
and France - 1815
The definitive order-of-battle for the Allies!! Units and commanders are listed down to battalion and battery level!!!
McManus, Mark
The Capture of a French General
at Waterloo
A 19th Century account of a capture of an unknown French general.
Millar, Stephen
‘Too soon by an hour’: The failure of the French Reserve Cavalry at Waterloo
The massive charge by the French cavalry. . .
Millar, Stephen
The
Key to Victory: General d’Erlon’s I Corps,
16 June 1815
Was d'Erlon responsible for the fiasco on 16 June?
Millar, Stephen
French Order-of-Battle
at Waterloo: 18 June 1815
The definitive order-of-battle for Waterloo!
French Order-of-Battle at Wavre: 18 June 1815
The definitive order-of-battle for Wavre!
Prussian Army of the Lower Rhine: the Waterloo Campaign 1815
The Prussians!
‘My duty is to execute the Emperor’s orders’: Grouchy at Walhain, 18 June 1815
Where Grouchy went wrong.
‘A Desperate Combat’: The French Defence of Plancenoit
A little studied part of Waterloo.
Ney, Michel
Letter of the Prince
of Moskowa to His Excellency the Duke of Otranto about Waterloo
Transcribed by Susan Howard
Ney's perspective of Waterloo.
Brown, Steve
Raise the Colours High!
A series of articles on minor battles between 1794 and 1815. This group of articles is ideal for wargamers looking for detailed orders-of-battle.
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