The Austrian Imperial-Royal Army (Kaiserliche-Königliche
Heer) 1805 – 1809:
THE AUSTRIAN IMPERIAL-ROYAL
ARMY
INFANTRY
Kaiserliche-Königliche
Heer 1805 – 1809
THE REGULAR INFANTRY
Ordered by Recruitment District

Moravia (Czech: Morava; German: Mähren)
is a historical region in central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic,
one of the former Czech lands. It takes its name from the Morava River
which rises in the northwest of the region. Until 1641 Moravia's capital
was the centrally-located Olomouc, but after its capture by the Swedes
it moved to the larger city of Brno (Brünn) which resisted the
invaders successfully. The Moravians are a Slavic ethnic group who
speak various dialects of Czech.
Silesia was the former Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia (German: Herzogtum
Ober- und Niederschlesien) an autonomous region of the Austrian
Empire. It is also known as Austrian Silesia (German: Österreichisch
Schlesien; Czech: Rakouské
Slezsko; Polish: Śląsk Austriacki), and despite
the official name it only included parts of Upper Silesia, while
none of Lower Silesia was within its borders. It is largely coterminous
with - and somehow currently identified as - the region of Czech
Silesia. As part of the Kingdom of Bohemia, Silesia was inherited
by the House of Habsburg in 1526 after the death of the Bohemian
king, Louis II The two main cities were Teschen and Troppau (Opava).
Circles (Districts) see map-image above (datas from
a 1814 gazeteer)
Moravia
Brünn (Czech: Brno). Is the capital city of the
Margravate of Moravia, a land which was administrated by Prague but
having its representatives at Vienna.
It was surrounded with bastions, and with a wide ditch. The most important
building of the city was the parochial Church, dedicated to Saint Jakob,
all covered in brass. The population was around 16000 inh., and it
had 1946 houses in 1814. The town is at the confluence of the rivers
Schwartschawa and Switawa and was protected (westwards) by the strong
fortress of the Spielberg castle.
Iglau (Czech: Jihlava) a Royal
fortified town of 10000 inhabitants (1270 houses) is the main town
of that mountain Circle at the bohemian border. The city's German name,
Iglau, is derived from the German word for hedgehog, Igel (hence the
hedgehog on the coat of arms). An old Slavic settlement upon a ford
was moved on a nearby hill where the mining town was founded (ca. 1240)
by king Václav I, in the Middle Ages inhabited mostly by Germans
(coming mostly from Northern Bavaria and Upper Saxony). Important settlements
were:
Gross-Meseritsch (1100 inh.), Trebitsch (3672 inh.), Slawonitz and
Stannern (a smal town in effects but renowned for an aerolite fall,
the previous year 1808).
Olmütz or Holomauz (Czech: Olomouc) was a fortress
surrounded by a marshy land and the river Morava, and former Moravia
capital city. In 1814 had over 1000 houses and around 11000 inhabitants.
Its Circle had some large towns like Sternberg (3908 inh.), Boskowitz
(3519 inh.), Mährisch-Neustadt or Unitschau (3012 inh.), Kogetin
(2754 inh.), Zwittau (2520 inh.), Littau or Littowle (2162 inh.). This
district periodically split in two parts: the Upper or properly Olmütz
and the Lower named as:
Mährische Schönberg (Czech: Šumperk)
founded by German colonists in 1269. The German name Schönberg
means "beautiful hill", and the name Šumperk is a
Czech garbling of the original German name. The town of Šumperk
became the center of the area. It was located on a trade route, and
the town profited from the copper mines. Its area was close to the
Silesian border.
Kremsier (Czech: Kroměříž) with
the territories of:
Prerau or Prseron (Czech: Prerov) It was one of the
oldest towns in Moravia, withs a Gothic town-hall and an old castle,
once occupied by Matthias Corvinus. The Circle had not a large amount
of inhabitants but some important towns like Bodenstadt or Podstata
(1100 inh.) and, above all, Kremsier (Cremsier or Kromeritz) which
was the summer siege (castle) of the Bishop of Olmütz and the
District siege. Town of Fulnek had around 5000 inhabitants. Then were
also Freyberg (Prsibor) had 261 houses and 3500 inh., Leipnik (3498
inh.), Meseritsch (3357 inh.), Weisskirchen (3272 inh.).
Ungarische Hradische (Czech: Uherské Hradiště)
was the earliest known Jewish community dated from 1592. It
was founded in 1257 by the Czech king Otakar II Important towns of
the Circle were: Bissenz (2477 inh.), Hungarisch Brod (2912 inh.) and
Ostrau. The surname Ungarische (hungarian) here means merely slovakian.
Znaim (Czech: Znoymo) or Znaym, Znogma. A Royal town
settled on the top of a rough hill over the river Thaya. It will be
the final topic of the whole 1809 campaign (battle and armistice).
It had 800 houses and 7000 inhabitants.
Silesia
Teschen (Czech: Tĕšín) also Telling (latin
Tessinum), a former Principality of Albert the duke of Saxony had around
5000 inh. (600 houses). In this Circle there were many Poles and that
language was mostly spoken. Teschen Circle was formed by the Principalities
of Teschen and Bielitz, and the dominions of the families Freystadt,
Friedeck, Deutsch-Leuther, Reichwald, Roy and Halb-Oderberg.
Troppau (Czech: Opava) also Oppain (latin Oppavia or Troppavia)
on the river Opa. It was the capital of the Silesian Principality and
was surrounded by a tall wall. In it was an ancient castle. It had
around 5000 inhabitants and more than 500 houses. Its Circle was formed
by the bohemian mountain lands of Troppau, Jägerndorf and Neisse
and by the dominions of the Freudenthal and Olbersdorf families. Town
of Jägerndorf (Czech: Krnov fron latin Carnovia) had 4650 inh.
January 1809
AUSTRIAN ORDER OF BATTLE IN MORAVIA - SILESIA
Field commander: General der Kavallerie (GdK) Archduke Ferdinand Carl
d’Este
Troppau Division FML marquis Hannibal Sommariva
Troppau Brigade GM Josef von Bieber
Odrau - IR 57 Joseph Colloredo –
(half III Battalion or 2 Comp.)
Troppau – IR 20 Kaunitz - (I and II Battalions on 6 comp.;
half III Battalion or 2 comp.; Grenadier division)
Troppau Brigade GM Fürst Moritz Liechtenstein
Troppau - 3rd Hussars ArchdukeFerdinand – 8 sqns.
Olmütz Division FML count Franz St.Julien-Waldsee
Olmütz Brigade GM Nikolaus von Kayser
Olmütz - IR 12 Manfredini – (I and II Battalions on
6 comp.; half III Battalion or 2 comp.; Grenadier division)
Olmütz - IR 23 Würzburg – (I and II Battalions
on 6 comp.; Grenadier division)
Schönberg - IR 15 Zach – (half III Battalion or 2 comp.)
Neustadt – 6th Feldjäger battalion
Teschen Brigade GM Georg Croll von Herzberg
Teschen - IR 56 Wenzel Colloredo –
(I and II Battalions on 6 comp.; half III Battalion or 2 comp.;
Grenadier division)
Leipnik – IR 7 Schröder - (I and II Battalions on 6
comp.; half III Battalion or 2 comp.; Grenadier division)
1st Brünn Division FML Guido Lippa von Duba und Kosarczow
Brünn Brigade GM Johann von Prochaska
Prossnitz – IR 1 Kaiser Franz - (I and II Battalions on
6 comp.; half III Battalion or 2 comp.; Grenadier division)
Brünn – IR 29 Lindenau - (I and II Battalions on 6 comp.;
half III Battalion or 2 comp.; Grenadier division)
Tischnowitz - IR 10 Anton Mittrowsky – (half III Battalion
or 2 comp)
2nd Brünn Division FML marquis Franz Lusignan
Brünn Brigade GM Timothäus von Kérékes
Butschowitz – 5th Feldjäger Battalion Brünn -
IR 38 Württemberg – (I and II Battalions on 6 comp.;
Grenadier division)
Znaim Brigade GM Josef von Grill
Iglau - IR 8 Archduke Ludwig - (I and II Battalions on 6 comp.;
half III Battalion or 2 comp.; Grenadier division)
Znaim – IR 22 Coburg - (I and II Battalions on 6 comp.; half
III Battalion or 2 comp.; Grenadier division)
Kremsier Division FML Friedrich Erbprinz zu Hessen-Homburg
Kremsier Brigade GM Josef Rheinwald von Waldegg
Kremsier - IR 40 vacant Josef Mittrowsky – (I and II Battalions
on 6 comp.; half III Battalion or 2 comp.; Grenadier division)
Hradisch Cavalry Brigade GM Armand von Nordmann
Gaya – 3rd Uhlans Archduke Carl –
8 sqns.
Ungarische Brod – 7th Hussars Liechtenstein – 8 sqns.
Olmütz Division FML baron Carl Rouvroy
Olmütz – 3rd artillery regiment Rouvroy – 13 comp.
Olmütz – artillery Handlanger Battalion – 2 comp.
Olmütz – Sappers and Miners – 2 comp.
Olmütz – Pioneers – 5 comp.
January 1809
AUSTRIAN RESIDENT UNITS IN MORAVIA - SILESIA
after beginning of campaign and before commitment of the Landwehr
Battalions
Territorial commander (interim): FZM count Argenteau
Vice-commander and Landwehrinspektor: FML baron Lelio Spannocchi
Teschen Territorial Landwehr Brigade GM
Johann Pietsch von Wollishofen
Teschen – Depot Wenzel Colloredo –
1 company
Silesian Borders –
1st Landwehr Battalion Prerau
Silesian Borders – 1st Landwehr Battalion Teschen
Jablunkau – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Teschen
Friedeck – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Prerau
Olmütz Territorial Landwehr Brigade
GM baron Franz von Bojakowsky-Knurow
Olmütz – Depot Manfredini – 1 company
Olmütz – Depot Kaiser – 1 company
Olmütz – Depot Zach – 1 company
Olmütz – 3rd Landwehr Battalion Prerau
Olmütz – 1st Landwehr Battalion Iglau
Olmütz – 1st Landwehr Battalion Znaim
Olmütz – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Znaim
Olmütz – 3rd Landwehr Battalion Brünn
Olmütz Territorial Landwehr Brigade
GM Baron Johann Joseph Wodniansky von Wildenfeld
Leipnik – Depot Schröder – 1 company
Sternberg – Depot Kaunitz – 1 company
Prerau – Depot Josef Colloredo – 1 company
Olmütz – 1st Landwehr Battalion Olmütz
Schönberg – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Olmütz
Hohenstadt – 3rd Landwehr Battalion Olmütz
Mährische Weisskirchen – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Hradisch
Hradisch Territorial Landwehr Brigade GM count Du
Noyer
Ungarische Hradisch – Depot Josef Mittrowsky – 1 company
Gaya – Reserve Squadrons 3rd Uhlans Archduke Carl
Ungarische Brod – Reserve Squadrons Cuirassiers Archduke Franz
Strassnitz – 1st Landwehr Battalion Hradisch
Ungarische Hradisch – 3rd Landwehr Battalion Hradisch
Brünn Territorial Landwehr Brigade GM baron
Franz Jordan Pöck
Brünn citadel – Depot Lindenau – 1 company
Brünn – Depot Anton Mittrowsky –
1 company
Iglau – Depot Archduke Ludwig – 1 company
Znaim – Depot Coburg – 1 company
Brünn Territorial Landwehr Brigade Oberst count
Chorinsky
Brünn – 1st Landwehr Battalion Brünn
Brünn – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Brünn
Brünn – 4th Landwehr Battalion Brünn
Iglau – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Iglau
Troppau Territorial Landwehr Brigade Oberst von Romberg
Odrau – Depot Company 5th Feldjäger Battalion
Troppau – Depot Company 6th Feldjäger Battallionalion
Troppau – Reserve Squadrons Archduke Ferdinand Hussars
Troppau – 1st Landwehr Battalion Troppau
Freudenthal – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Troppau
Würbenthal - 3rd Landwehr Battalion Troppau
Hof – 4th Landwehr Battalion Olmütz
Kunzendorf – 5th Landwehr Battalion Olmütz
At the Border were 4 Cordon companies.
MORAVIAN-SILESIAN REGIMENTS
Ergänzungsbezirks
Kom. |
|
Werb-bezirk |
Regular
army |
Landwehr |
HQ Recruiting District
|
Czech |
recruitment
area (Kreis) |
IR |
other |
Iglau |
Jihlava |
Iglau |
8 |
|
Znaym |
Znojmo |
Znaym |
22 |
|
Brünn |
Brno |
Brünn
I stadt |
29 |
|
Brünn
II |
10 |
|
Olmütz |
Olomouc |
Olmütz
(upper) |
12 |
3rd Fortress
artillery Rgt. |
Mährische
Schönberg |
Šumperk |
Olmütz
(lower) |
15 |
6th Feldjäger
bn |
Kremsier |
Kroměříž |
Hradisch |
40 - 10 |
|
Werbbezirk
HQ at Olmütz for IR 1
|
Prerau |
1 - 7 |
|
Troppau |
Opava
|
Troppau |
57 - 20 |
|
Teschen |
Tĕšín
|
Teschen |
56 |
|
Numbers in BOLD mean a temporary area of recruitment in
order to help the main District to reach the stated strength.
K.K. IR 1 - Kaiser Franz Joseph I – 3 battalions
Recruitment: Moravia, Galicia. 1 Depot Company BrigadeBojakowski in
Olmütz, Division St.Julien under Argenteau. 1 Depot
Company BrigadeEgermann in Sándomierz, Division Meerveldt under
Hohenlohe- Ingelfingen.
Moravia |
Prerau |
01 |
Galicia |
Sandec |
01 |
Depot Kader: |
Prossnitz
(Olmütz). Sandec |
|
Commander:
oberst |
Johann
von Gredler |
after
Wagram Gustav Prinz Hohenlohe-Langenburg, |
- before Aspern: many sources refer it began the campaign with III
Corps Hohenzollern, Division FML baron Franz von Lusignan,
brig. GM Ludwig Thierry. However the “Ersters” were attached
to the V Corps column marching towards Landshut and Siegenburg.
At Teugen it was committed with the Reserve Corps Liechtenstein
(?) [1] forming
a rear guard with the Brigade GM Thierry and 10 companies
and with the Detachment Oberst Hammer, other 6 companies. In effect
it had the task to maintain the link between the III Corps and the
V in a dangerous central position.
With the same deployment it was at Abensberg (see details after,
under IR 29 Lindenau). It was involved in the unlucky Thierry affair
at Offenstetten, where the regiment was almost destroyed (many prisoners).
Remnants remained with III corps and the unit was reorganized shortly
before Aspern. The commander Gredler died, together with 173 men,
other 319 were wounded, the rests were almost all prisoners.[2]
- after Aspern and at Wagram: on June 4, the regiment, now reorganizing
in two Battalions, was commanded by Oberstleutnant prince Hohenzollern.
It had 1726 men, 850 of which were recruits, and it was attached
to BrigadeLilienberg, Division St.Julien, III Corps. The two
battalions were not in the battle, but under heavy bombardment (they
lost 36 dead and 107 wounded).
- after Wagram: during the Znaim battle it was with the BrigadeReinhardt,
Division St.Julien, III Corps Kollowrat.
K.K. IR 7 – GM-FML baron Carl Friedrich Schröder von
Lilienhof – 3 battalions
Recruitment: Moravia, West
Galicia-Poland. 1 Depot Company BrigadeWodniansky in Olmütz, Division
St.Julien under Argenteau. 1 Depot Company BrigadeEgermann in Sándomierz,
Division Meerveldt under Hohenlohe- Ingelfingen.
Moravia |
Prerau |
07 |
Galicia |
Sanok |
07 |
Depot Kader: |
Nikolsburg,
then Leipnik. Sánok |
|
Commander:
Oberst |
Anton
Drechsel |
Johann
Mayer von Heldensfeld |
- before
Aspern: Brigade GM Nikolaus von Kaiser, Division FML baron Franz
von Lusignan, III Corps Hohenzollern . At Teugen it was with the
BrigadeKaiser in the avantguard division Vukassovich, III Corps where
its commander, colonel Drechsel and the Oberstlieutenant Peccaduc
were wounded. Regiment lost 45 dead, 164 wounded, 304 taken prisoner
by the French. Major Stark (from grenadiers) took the command and
the regiment was in the Vukassovich now rear guard, which took position
on the Laaber banks. At Eggmühl it was sent as reinforcement
behind the attacked IV Corps and fought the Bavarians at Schierling
having 21 wounded. During the first operations in order to organize
the retreat towards Ratisbon, the brigade Kaiser was ordered to cover
the right. The regiment was indirectly involved in the French breakthrough
at Alt-Egglofsheim which happened at dusk and was attacked by French
cavalry. 324 men were taken prisoner on April 22 but the Flag was
saved. [3]
On April 23 the regiment was the first unit, together with Archduke
Charles, to cross the Danube bridge and then it was order to cover
the passage. 123 men were left behind with that cover mission; also
they were taken prisoner by French. The day after colonel Drechsel
was promoted to generalmajor and the regiment had a new commander:
colonel Johann Mayer von Heldensfeld from the General Staff.
Part of the battered regiment was attached to the River Inn defense
(Division Dedovich, VI Corps) : two companies (the 427 men of the
training division of the officers Caspary and Siegler) with the Brigade
GM comte Rudolf von Sinzendorff, the rest of the regiment in reorganization.
The detachment was heavily involved during the French attack at castle
Ebelsberg (9 dead and 111 wounded). Captain Heinrich von Siegler
had the “Hero of Ebelsberg” mention and (1810) the Maria
Theresia Cross.
The 2nd Battalion was later with the Détachement oberst Ignaz
von Leuthner (div. Sommariva, III Corps Kollowrat) at Urfahr (May
17), the rest of the Schröder with Division baron Philipp Vukassovich
in the Brigade GM Josef von Mayer. At Linz-Urfahr they lost 7 dead,
71 wounded comprising the hero of the day, major von Marinowsky,
commander of the 1st Battalion , who died the day after, and 159
taken prisoners. In the meanwhile Siegler detachment had reached
Vienna with Dedovich while the rest of the regiment was with Sommariva
division, BrigadeSamuel von Giffling, III corps. The Schröder
units gathered together on the left Danube bank before Aspern. It
did not participated at the battle.
- after Aspern and at Wagram: the regiment re-united with the BrigadeGrill,
Division Vukassovich, III Corps. On June 20 arrived also the Train
transports of the regiment from Leipnik with 498 men. The companies
now were raised to 190 men again. During the French occupation
of Vienna, on May 28, died the regiment’s Owner at the age
of 89 years.
At Wagram the 1st and 2nd Battalions (Colonel Mayer) took place
at Stammersdorf while the 3rd Battalion (now under captain Siegler)
supported the Grenadiers between Breitenlee and Süssenbrunn.
The losses were 11 dead, 38 wounded and 12 missing men.
- after Wagram: at Znaim it took place between Brenditz and Winau
with the Brigade von Giffling, Division FML von Schneller, III Corps.
After the battle they lost 42 men wounded and 60 taken prisoners.
K.K. IR 8 – FZM Archduke Ludwig Joseph – 3
battalions
Recruitment: Moravia, Galicia. 1 Depotcomp. 1 BrigadeRamberg in Znaim,
Div St.Julien under Argenteau. 1 Depot comp BrigadeStarczinsky in Krakow,
Division Meerveldt under Hohenlohe- Ingelfingen.
Moravia |
Iglau |
08 |
Galicia |
Rzeszów |
08 |
Depot Kader: |
Iglau - Krakow |
|
Commander:
Oberst |
Baron Albert Swinburne |
after Wagram baron Carl Fürstenwärther |
- before
Aspern: Division FML prince Ludwig Hohenlohe-Wartenburg-Bartenstein
with the Brigade GM Josef von Grill (IV Corps Rosenberg).On April
10 it crossed the Inn at Schärding being part of the avantgarde
Stutterheim, IV Corps. At Teugen it was with the BrigadeRiese, Division
prince Hohenlohe- Bartenstein and at Abensberg it was in reserve
under Corps direct command, while the 1st Battalion (major baron
Biala) distinguished itself during the combats. The right wing of
the div. Hohenlohe-Bartenstein was formed also by the “Achter” which
engaged a stout resistance among the woods of Ober-Laichling, fighting
as skirmishers. There fell the brave major Biala, substituted by
the 2nd major Bossmann.[4]
After the retreat in Bohemia the regiment was with the Division Dedovich,
BrigadeVon Grill again.
- at Aspern: colonel Swinburne took provisional command of the brigade,
always with Division Dedovich. Regiment losses were: 134 dead and
334 wounded. On May 24 Swinburne was promoted to generalmajor and baron
Carl Fürstenwärther became the new commander.
- between Aspern and Wagram: on June 14 the regiment (now under
Division Rohan, IV Corps) was merged with the 1st Landwehr Battalion
of major Nesselrode. The regiment now had 4 battalions.
- at Wagram: with Division FML prince Victor de Rohan and Brigade
GM Earl Swimburne, baron von Fürstenwärther led his 3 battalions
and the 1st Landwehr Battalion Iglau (major count Nesselrode), IV
Corps. It had tasks of supporting and covering the retreat, which
it made in the column of IV Corps directed towards Brünn.
K.K. IR 10 – FML baron Anton Mittrowsky – 3 battalions [5]
Recruitment:
Moravia, Galicia. 1 Depot Company 1 Brig, Pöck (Boeck?) in Brünn,
Division St.Julien under Argenteau. 1 Depot Company BrigadeStarczinsky
in Krakau, Division Meerveldt under Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen.
Moravia |
Hradisch |
10 |
Brünn
II |
Galicia |
Tarnów |
10 |
Depot Kader: |
Neuhaus then
Kremsier. Tarnów |
|
Commander:
Oberst |
Domitian
De Vaux |
Josef
Weigl von Löwenwarth |
- before Aspern: it began the campaign with the I Corps GdK count
Heinrich Bellegarde first with BrigadeWacquant, div. Ulm then in the
reserve corps or Brigade GM count Johann Nostitz. In March the third
Battalion was sent at Lobositz with the Am Ende special corps. So the
regiment remained with 1st and 2nd Battalion only. Till Aspern they
did not fight.
In May it was with the division FML Ludwig Vogelsang, Brigade GM baron
Ferdinand Wintzingerode-Ohmfeld (later Division Fresnel) I Corps .
- at Aspern: the I Corps Bellegarde formed the 2nd column. The regiment
was in the Brigade Wintzingerode (under GM count Ferdinand
von Wartensleben), division FML count Johann Fresnel von Hennequin
in the second line. They attacked Aspern in the afternoon. Losses:
55 dead, 611 wounded with the commander De Vaux, 70 taken prisoners.
Being a regiment of only two battalions they lost around 50% of their
strength. Colonel Domitian De Vaux was promoted and the regiment
commander became Josef Weigl von Löwenwarth. The regiment
camper at Deutsch-Wagram now deployed with the brigade baron Greth
(from June 1 BrigadeClary), Division Fresnel, I Corps. There arrived
the 1st Hradischer Landwehr Battalion, which was attached to the
regiment. On July 2 the regiment was deployed with the brigade Henneberg.
- at Wagram: the BrigadeClary, Division Fresnel, I Corps was in
the right wing of the second line formations. [6] Oberst
Weigl led the regiment while the battalions were under Oberstlieutenant
O’Daly (1st) and Hauptmann Mazzetti then Hauptmann Koss (2nd).
The regiment began to fight in the second battle day near Aderklaa.
It lost 50 men dead, 105 wounded, 201 taken prisoners with the commander
Weigl himself.
- after Wagram: the regiment was always in the second line of the
I Corps deployed from Leschna till Kukrowitz. At the Znaim battle
it lost 16 men dead, 919 wounded (taking account also of the wounded
at Wagram, who were trasported till Znaim) and 79 prisoners.
(note the III Battalion was always with BrigadeAm Ende in Saxony).
K.K. IR 12 – GM-FML Marquis Friedrich (Federico) Manfredini
– 3 battalions
Recruitment:
Moravia, Galicia. 1 Depot Company BrigadeBojakowski in Olmütz,
Division St.Julien under Argenteau. 1 Depot Company Statczinsky in
Krakow under Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen.
Moravia |
Olmütz
(upper) |
12 |
Galicia |
Tarnów |
12 |
Bochnia |
Depot
Kader: |
Olmütz.
Bochnia (Krakow) |
|
Commander:
Oberst |
Timotheus von Winzian |
Oberstlieutenant
Lass |
- before Aspern: Brigadeprince Alois Liechtenstein,
Division St.Julien, III Corps Hohenzollern with 2678 men. At Teugen-Hausen
the division was sent on the left wing of the Lusignan division, which
had orders to advance. The two Liechtenstein brothers (Alois and Moritz
with the Würzburg unit) led the battle among the woods. There
the regiment lost 1/3 of its strength (25 officers and 850 men). The
heavy wounded prince was carried to Vienna, leaving the battlefields.
The regiment was attached to the BrigadePfanzelter, Division St.Julien,
III Corps, participating at Abensberg. At Eggmühl the regiment
was in reserve with the twin unit Würzburg (a brigade which continued
to be called as Alois Liechtenstein). After the battle they (47
officer and 1757 men) withdrew towards Bohemia with the rear guard
division Vukassovich, III Corps. [7]
Manfredini regiment remained in the ranks of the III Corps, now under
Kollowrat. The third Battalion in the former Brigade GM Josef von Pfanzelter,
Division baron Philipp Vukassovich, then in the avant-garde column
(Avant-garde brigade GM count Carl Crenneville), the 1st and the 2nd battalions detached with their
colonel brigade Timotheus von Winzian (taken prisoner by a württemberg’s
chasseur à cheval, after the Urfahr battle). After the battle
of Linz-Urfahr (May 17) the two battalions had the task to cover the
retreat till Gallneukirchen. There the regiment lost three companies
of the III Battalion , taken prisoner with the two colonels Winzian
and Diemar.
- at Aspern: the regiment did not take part at the battle, it was
reorganizing under the provisional commander Oberstlieutenant Lass.
- at Wagram: was with the BrigadeLilienberg, Division St.Julien,
III Corps. The regiment defended itself in mass formation against
French cavalry, losing 313 dead or wounded, 171 missing. After the
battle the regiment was the reserve of the VI Corps.
- after Wagram: it fought at Znaim detached to the BrigadeRheinhardt,
Division St.Julien, III Corps Kollowrat between Brenditz, Kukrowitz
and Winau.
K.K. IR 15 – FML-FZM baron Anton Zach – 3 battalions [8]
Recruitment:
Bohemia (?), Silesia - Moravia – Galicia. 1 Depot Company BrigadeBojakowski,
Division St.Julien under Argenteau. 1 Depot Company BrigadeStarczinsky
in Krakow, Division Meerveldt under Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen.
Moravia |
Olmütz
(unter) |
15 |
Galicia |
Myslenice |
15 |
Depot
Kader: |
Myslenice
and Hohenstadt |
Mährische
Schönberg, Chrudim (?) - Bohemia [9] |
Commander:
Oberst |
Ludwig Carpé von Carpenstein |
|
- before Aspern: the regiment had these Staff officers – Carpé,
colonel commander, Oschée Oberstleutnant, majors Mohr, Niessel
and Bourguignon. The two additional companies of the 3rd Battalion
were raised at Hohenstadt in Moravia and at Calvaria, near Wadowice
in Myslenice province. There were also raised the two Kader. The regiment
was assigned to the division FML baron Thomas von Brady in the Brigade
GM Wenzel Buresch von Greifenbach, II Corps. On April 1 the regiment
gathered all its companies for a total strength of 3719 men in
18 companies. After the battle of Eggmühl the regiment was ordered
to watch the right Danube bank and to cover the evacuation of Ratisbon.
It was with Brigade GM Carl von Fölseis (Division FML Franz Weber
von Treuenfels) in the western part of the city together with Zettwitz
regiment. The two regiments organized a firm defense between the houses
and blocking the bridge but the losses were vey heavy: 34 officers
and 1980 men.
After the retreat it returned in the ranks of the BrigadeBuresch,
II Corps but for the heavy losses practically disappeared the third
Battalion .
- at Aspern: still with the BrigadeBuresch, Division Brady, II Corps.
After the hard battle the regiment lost 90 dead and 378 wounded.
During the month of June the regiment restored its strength up to
2777 men.
- at Wagram: still with the BrigadeBuresch, Division Brady, II Corps
Hohenzollern. It was detached with other 3 battalions to Pillichsdorf,
losing the contact with the Corps and linking only with the IV Corps.
During the two days battle the regiment lost 65 men dead and 282
wounded.
- after Wagram: still in the BrigadeBuresch, interim Division Buresch,
II Corps with a strength of 1454 men (while other 773 men were ill
in hospitals). During the battle of Znaim the regiment was deployed
behind the cavalry and did not take part to the fights (two companies
apart).
K.K. IR 20 – FML-FZM count Wenzel Kaunitz Rietberg – 3
battalions
Recruitment:
Moravia, Silesia and Galicia. At beginning of war: 1 Depot Company
BrigadeWodniansky in Olmütz, Division St.Julien under Argenteau.
1 Depot Company BrigadeEgermann in Sándomierz, Division Meerveldt
under Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen. Before Aspern: 2. Depot Company with the
VII Corps in Saxony.
Silesia |
Troppau |
20 |
Galicia |
Tarnów |
20 |
Sandec |
Jaslo |
Depot
Kader: |
Neustadt
(Moravia) then Troppau. |
Commander:
Oberst |
count Albert Murray de Melgum |
Joseph
Bresslern von Sternau [10] Jakob von Luxem |
- before Aspern: it was in the Brigade GM Josef von Bieber, Division
count Franz Saint Julien-Waldsee, III Corps. The regiment was at
Teugen deployed in the village of Hausen.
Losses at: Teugen-Hausen (19 dead, 12 prisoners, 173 missing), On
April 21 it was in brigade with IR 38 Württemberg, under Bieber.
On the late afternoon the regiment was overrun by a French cavalry
charge; its losses at Eggmühl (6 dead, 14 wounded, 74 prisoners,
860 missing). After the retreat in Bohemia the regiment followed
St.Julien division the third column (left wing) in the area Neumarkt-Mauthausen
of the Urfahr battle, but it had no clashes there. It did not take
part at the Aspern battle.[11]
- at Wagram: The regiment took parte at the defense organized by
III Corps and suffered heavy losses: lost at Wagram (328 dead or
wounded, 6 prisoners, 2 missing) .
- after Wagram: the regiment was with the III Corps deployed from
Brenditz till Winau without taking any part in the battle.
Note: the 2nd Depot company distinguished itself during the defence
of Sandomierz in Galicia under commando of capitän-lieutenant
Laux.
K.K.
IR 22 – FM Prince Friedrich Josias Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld
(Coburg Rgt.) 3 battalions
Recruitment: Moravia, Galicia. 1 Depot Company BrigadeRamberg in Znaim,
Division St.Julien under Argenteau. 1 Depot Company BrigadeEgermann
in Sándomierz, Division Meerveldt under Hohenlohe- Ingelfingen.
Moravia |
Znaim |
22 |
Galicia |
Sanok |
22 |
Depot
Kader: |
Znaim.
Sanok |
Commander:
Oberst |
baron
Wenzel Vettel von Lilienberg |
Josef
von Watzel |
|
|
|
|
- before Aspern: they left Znaim with a force of 4792 m. (3 battalions)
with the BrigadeRiese, Division Hohenlohe Bartenstein, IV Corps Rosenberg.
On April 21 the regiment was on the Schneidart Hills when the French
began the advance. Being shot by enemy artillery the regiment changed
its position and General Staff Lieut. Col. Quosdanovich ordered to
the II Battalion (major Nennel) a counterattack. The bad news from
Landshut forced the regiment to withdraw till Laichling. At Thann
it was under its colonel Vettel von Lilienberg (as new brigadier
under Division Sommariva, IV Corps). At Abensberg it returned under
BrigadeRiese, Division Hohenlohe Bartenstein, IV Corps Rosenberg
and fought at Eggmühl at the right austrian wing, under direct
command of prince Ludwig Hohenlohe-Wartenburg-Bartenstein. [12] Then
the Coburger followed the Archduke Charles retreat in Bohemia meeting
the Hiller’s units at Korneuburg, by May 16. There the regiment
was deployed with the BrigadeGrill, Division Dedovich, VI Corps.
- at Aspern: the same baron Martin von Dedovich led the 4th column
during the battle of Aspern. The avantgarde of the column was the
III Battalion (Oberstleutnant von Kornritter). The first Battalion
(major Kolb) defended itself in square formations during the
French cuirassier charge. Kornritter took the command as Vettel was
wounded and during the 2nd day the command passed to major von Nennel.
The regiment at Aspern lost: (423 men dead, 388 wounded, 143 prisoners,
155 missing for a total of 1109 men.) [13] Oberstlieutenant
Kornitter von Ehrenhalm died after his severe wounds.
- between Aspern and Wagram: On June 4, the Coburg was reached by
4 Moravian Landwehr Battalions, of which the 1st Znaim Battalion
(major Haugwitz) was attached to the regiment. On June 7 colonel
Vettel von Lilienberg became a major general. The regiments command
was taken by Oberst Josef von Watzel (of IR 3) and the regiment was
brigaded with GM Earl of Swinburne brigade, Division FML prince Viktor
Rohan, IV Corps.
- at Wagram: it was in the BrigadeSwinburne, Division Rohan, IV
Corps. The regiment after the battle lost 34 dead and 165 wounded;
the side 1st Moravian Battalion (Znaimer) lost 28 dead, 82 wounded
and 440 taken prisoners.
- after Wagram: the regiment was attached to the Division FML Radetzky
of VI Corps (prince Rohan had been wounded) and withdrew toward Olmütz.
K.K. IR 29 – FML-FZM
Karl von Lindenau – 3 battalions [14]
Recruitment: Moravia, Galicia. 1 Depot Company BrigadePöck in
Brünn, Division St.Julien under Argenteau. 1 Depot Company BrigadeBicking
in Lemberg, Division Meerveldt under Hohenlohe- Ingelfingen.
Moravia |
Brünn
I |
29 |
Galicia |
Rzeszów |
29 |
Depot
Kader: |
Brünn.
Rzeszów |
Commander:
Oberst |
Anton
von Hammer |
Philipp
Pflüger von Lilienfels |
- before Aspern:
Before the opening of the hostilities the Lindenau waited for the
two companies of the third Battalion which were completed in Galicia.
In their place were organized two new companies so-called “Augmentierungskompagnien”.
The regiment Depotdivision (other two companies) were at Brünn
in Moravia. The battalions of the Lindenau were in the Division FML Emmanuel von Schustekh (V Corps under Archduke Ludwig), and then
with Division FML. prince Reuss-Plauen. The regiment’s commander,
Oberst von Hammer, became generalmajor and the new colonel commander
was the former Oberstleutnant Philipp Pflüger von Lindenfels.
Originally the Lindenau was assigned to the bohemian III Corps, but
before the invasion of Bavaria it went with the V. Marched towards
Landshut arriving near Siegenburg (April 19). During the Abensberg
battle the corps commander Archduke Ludwig disposed the division
of FML Schustekh to the “control of the withdrawing troops”.
At Abensberg the regiment lost 6 men dead, 206 wounded then prisoners
and 312 prisoners.
On April 21 it was at the Landshut battle without fighting an reached,
retreating, the river Inn at Mühldorf on April 23. During the
retreat it lost other 2 men dead and 212 taken prisoners. This is
was the regiment’s history tells. But the whole story was rather
different. [15]
The column march order (V Corps) was the following:
the Avant-garde brigade GM Ludwig Thierry with the regiments
IR 1 Kaiser Franz – 10 companies, IR 29 FML Carl von
Lindenau – 6 companies, Dragoons n. 4 baron Franz von Levenehr – 4 ¾ sqns., ½
brigade battery (4 pieces - 6 pdr);
the Détachement oberst Anton von Hammer with
IR 1 Kaiser Franz – 6 companies, IR 29 FML Carl von
Lindenau – 10 companies, Dragoons n°4 baron Franz von Levenehr – 1 ¼ sqns., ½ brigade
battery (4 pieces - 6 pdr).
The two units (brigades) took position linking the V Corps column
and the III Corps, a delicate location for a direct strong hit there
could have compromised the front splitting in two the Austrian army.
Thierry was in front of Offenstetten and Hammer on the Kirchdorf
hill. The command of the sector was taken by FML Schustekh and FML
Lusignan of the III Corps. There Thierry was overrun by a joint attack
of Bavarian and Württemberg troops, which surrounded him giving
an awful defeat and surrounding also GM Hammer detachment
at Kirchdorf. The remnants two battalions remained in the avant-garde
Division Reuss Plauen, V Corps.
On April 24 the column pointed towards Neumarkt clashing with the
French vanguards. Lindenau took part to that battle losing 2 men
dead and 36 wounded and taken prisoners. During the following retreat
the Division Schustekh was ordered to act as the rear guard of the
march to Vienna. At May 3, three companies of the 2nd Battalion took
position in the Ebelsberg castle (detachment Pflüger) with the
troops of the VI Corps, while the rest of the 2nd and the 1st Battalion
were with the BrigadeHammer, Division and Corps Reuss-Plauen (V).
The regiment lost 15 dead, 242 wounded and then prisoners and 9 missing.
A renewed 3rd Battalion was attached to the autonomous Brigade (left
Danube bank) oberst count Johann Ignaz Franz von Hardegg while the
rest of the Schustekh division stopped its march at Krems, watching
the bridge on Danube (BrigadeHammer then Rheinwaldt).
- at Aspern and after: the regiment, which had now again 3 Battalions
controlled the Danube area called Schwarze Laken near Nußdorf.
- at Wagram: was in the BrigadePflüger, autonomous, then BrigadePflüger,
Division Weissenwolf, V Corps watching the northern Danube banks.
- after Wagram: The regiment fought in the Znaim battle with the
Brigade Pflüger von Lindenfels, V Corps deployed between the
two Thaya bridges, from the Klosterbruck till Alt-Shallersdorf (the
so called Chausséebruck) together with the 5th Battalion volunteers
of Vienna. The 1st Battalion under Hauptmann baron Hauer was at Brenditz,
two divisions of the 2nd Battalion were in the Weingärten in
front of Znaim, while the 6th division was on the right, on the road
to the Weingärten. [16] The
third Battalion was split between the bridges. The regiment’s
losses were all from 2nd and 3rd battalions: 22 dead, 206 wounded,
181 taken prisoners.
K.K. IR 40 – FZM
count Joseph Mittrowsky (vacant)[17] – 3
battalions
Recruitment: Moravia, Galicia. 1 Depot Company BrigadeDu Noyer in
Ung. Hradisch, Division St.Julien under Argenteau . 1 Depot Company
BrigadeStarczinsky in Crakow, Division Meerveldt under Hohenlohe- Ingelfingen.
Moravia |
Ungarische
Hradisch |
40 |
Galicia |
Jaslo |
40 |
Depot
Kader: |
Kremsier.
Jaslo. |
Commander:
Oberst |
Chevalier
Thomas Rheinbach |
then
Count Joseph Lamezan-Salins |
- before Aspern: it was with the Brigade GM ritter Adrian Joseph
Rheinwaldt von Waldegg, Division Hohenlohe-Bartenstein, IV Corps
Rosenberg. Marched with the VI Corps not taking part at the Landshut
clash. Participated at the clashes of Dinzling (April 19), Oberleuchling,
and marginally at Eggmühl (was practically attached to the V
Corps of Archduke Ludwig).
After the retreat it was attached to the Division FML Henry XV prince
Reuss-Plauen (interim commander of the V Corps) with its BrigadeRheinwaldt.
In the battle of Ebelsberg the third Battalion (Oberstleutenant count
Lamezan-Salins) distinguished itself when supported the defense at
the castle. Then the first Battalion (major count Anton Kinsky) covered
the retreat fighting at Asten.
Having organized a so called “System of protection for the
upper – Linz - and lower – Vienna –
Austria” the brigade Rheinwaldt was again attached to IV Corps,
with Division Dedovich and, for few time, with the rear guard of
Radetzky. Its train was at the complete disposition of the BrigadeHardegg
on the right Danube bank. The regiment took position at the centre
(Schwanenstadt) of the left Danube bank defense and had the task
to watch the Danube from Linz till Neu-Aigen, a front of 20 miles
(always with the BrigadeRheinwaldt, now Division Emmanuel von Schustekh,
IV Corps). During this period the regiment was split in divisions
or single companies.
- between Aspern and Wagram: On May 31 one company made a fake-attack
against Mautern.
- at Wagram: two companies (Oberlieutenant baron Scheibler) made
a Streif-Kommando with some Vincent Chevaulégers and tried
a night attack (4-5 July) against the Tabor island near Mauthausen.
K.K. IR 56 – FML-FM count Wenzel Colloredo-Waldsee – 3
battalions [18]
Recruitment:
Moravia, Silesia, Galicia. 1 Depot Company BrigadePietsch in Troppau,
Division St.Julien under Argenteau - 1 Depot Company BrigadeStarczinsky
in Krakow, Division Meerveldt under Hohenlohe- Ingelfingen.
Silesia |
Teschen |
56 |
Galicia |
Myslenice |
56 |
Depot
Kader: |
Teschen,
Myslenice |
Commander:
Oberst |
Benedikt
von Giffing |
|
- before Aspern: during mid March the three battalions (3060 men)
gathered themselves under the Brigade GM Nikolaus von Kaiser, Division
FML baron Franz von Lusignan, III Corps Hohenzollern. It fought
at Teugen-Hausen and then (on April 20) retreated covering the Division
Vukassovich beyond the Laaber on the hills of Dietenhofen. After
the Abensberg battle the regiment (autonomous BrigadeKaiser) was
sent behind the retreating IV Corps with orders to cover their movements.
The regiment stopped at Schierling where it was attacked by the Bavarians.
That battle lasted till night. During the days of the Eggmühl
battle the Daun had only defensive orders and retreated with the
corps to Ratisbon and then to Bohemia. In May the regiment was in
the BrigadeGiffing (its commander) under the division FML Vukassovich.
On May 17 the III Corps now under FML count Carl Kollowrath-Krakowsky
formed several attack columns in oder to seize Linz. The 1st Column,
Division marquis Hannibal Sommariva, marched from Neu-Helmonsödt
till the Pöstlingberg and had ½ 2nd Battalion IR
56 with the Staff, while the 1st and the other ½ 2nd Battalion
were with the Détachement Oberstlieutenant baron Georg von
Süden(on Pöstlingberg).
The 3rd Battalion was with the Avant-garde brigade GM count Carl
Crenneville of the II Column Vukassovich (centre) marching from Gallneukirchen.
The losses at the Linz-Urfahr battle were 3 men dead, 51 wounded,
112 wounded and made prisoners, 80 prisoners and 17 missing.
In June the regiment had reinforcements reaching a force of
2140 men and was assigned to the BrigadeGrill, Division Vukassovich,
III Corps
- at Wagram: during the first day of battle the regiment was with
the III Corps at Hagenbrunn with the BrigadeGrill. In the second
day the Daun occupied Breitenlee. It resisted to the last French
counterattacks and retreated during the incoming night. Its losses
were: 26 men dead, 95 wounded, prisoners and missing 195 men.
- after Wagram: after the death of Vukassovich the regiment was
assigned to the BrigadeGiffing, Division Schneller, III Corps and
went not in battle at Znaim.
K.K. IR 57 – GM-FM count Joseph Colloredo-Waldsee – 3
battalions
Recruitment:
Moravia, Galicia. Also Bohemia (Leitomishl till 1808). 1 Depot Company
BrigadeWodniansky in Olmütz, Division St.Julien under Argenteau.
1 Depot Company BrigadeStarczinsky in Krakow, Division Meerveldt under
Hohenlohe- Ingelfingen .
Silesia |
Troppau |
57 |
Galicia |
Bochnia |
57 |
Depot
Kader: |
Olmütz,
Leitomischl, Bochnia (Krakow) |
Commander:
Oberst |
Carl
Heinrich Ellger |
|
- before Aspern: the first two battalions were organized in Moravia,
while the third in Galicia.
1st and 2nd Battalions with Brigade GM Wenzel Buresch von Greifenbach,
Division FML baron Thomas von Brady, II Corps Kollowrath. They began
the campaign with 44 officers, 162 NCOs, 23 Musikanten, 24 Zimmerleuten
and 2019 men. [19]
The third Battalion remained under the bohemian general HQ. The
regiment was in the main column of the II Corps when it seized Ratisbon.
It took part at the Eggmühl battle but without strong committment.
After the retreat in Bohemia the 3rd Battalion was attached to the
Brigade GM Andreas von Schneller, Division comte Franz Saint Julien-Waldsee
(III Corps now Kollowrat) while the other two battalions remained
with Buresch under the II Corps (now Hohenzollern).
- at Aspern: the Josef Colloredo Rgt. was in the 3rd Column Hohenzollern
with BrigadeBuresch, Division Brady. The regiment lost 422 men in
the battle (92 dead, 305 wounded and 25 missing). On June 26 the
3rd Battalion merged with the regiment.
- at Wagram: Colloredo had finally 3 Battalions and 3146 men. The
regiment lost 37 dead, 183 wounded, 85 taken prisoner, 247 missing.
The regiment was also at Znaim with Hohenzollern.
AUSTRIAN RESIDENT UNITS IN MORAVIA-SILESIA
after Landwehr committment
Territorial commander (interim): FMZ Count Argenteau
Vice-commander and Landwehrinspektor: FML baron Lelio Spannocchi
Moravian Territorial Division FML count Franz St. Julien Waldsee
Troppau Territorial Landwehr Brigade GM
von Pietsch
Odrau – Depot Company 5th Feldjäger Battalions
Troppau – Depot Company 6th Feldjäger Battallion
Teschen – Depot Wenzel Colloredo –
1 company
Troppau – Reserve Squadrons ArchdukeFerdinand Hussars
Silesian Borders – 1st Landwehr Battalion Teschen
Jablunkau – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Teschen
Troppau – 1st Landwehr Battalion Troppau
Freudenthal – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Troppau
Würbenthal - 3rd Landwehr Battalion Troppau
Olmütz Territorial Landwehr Brigade
GM baron von Bojakowsky
Olmütz – Depot Manfredini – 1 company
Olmütz – Depot Kaiser – 1 company
Olmütz – Depot Zach – 1 company
Olmütz – 1st Landwehr Battalion Olmütz
Olmütz – 1st Moravian Volunteers
Olmütz – 1st Landwehr Battalion Prerau
Olmütz – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Prerau
Olmütz – 3rd Landwehr Battalion Prerau
Olmütz Territorial Landwehr Brigade
GM Baron von Wodniansky
Olmütz – Depot Schröder – 1 company
Olmütz – Depot Kaunitz – 1 company
Olmütz – Depot Josef Colloredo – 1 company
Olmütz – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Olmütz
Olmütz – 3rd Landwehr Battalion Olmütz
Olmütz – 4th Landwehr Battalion Olmütz
Olmütz – 3rd Landwehr Battalion Brünn
Hradisch Territorial Landwehr Brigade GM count Du
Noyer
Ungarische Hradisch – Depot Josef Mittrowsky – 1 company
Gaya – Reserve Squadrons 3rd Uhlans ArchdukeCarl
Ungarische Brod – Reserve Squadrons Cuirassiers ArchdukeFranz
Strassnitz – 1st Landwehr Battalion Hradisch
Mährische Weisskirchen – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Hradisch
Ungarische Hradisch – 3rd Landwehr Battalion Hradisch
Brünn Territorial Landwehr Brigade GM baron
Franz Jordan Pöck
Brünn citadel – Depot Lindenau – 1 company
Brünn – Depot Anton Mittrowsky – 1 company
Brünn – 2nd Moravian Volunteers
Brünn Territorial Landwehr Brigade Oberst Count
Chorinsky
Brünn – 1st Landwehr Battalion Brünn
Brünn – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Brünn
Brünn – 4th Landwehr Battalion Brünn
Znaim Territorial Landwehr Brigade Oberst von Romberg
Iglau – Depot Archduke Ludwig – 1 company
Znaim – Depot Coburg – 1 company
Znaim – 1st Landwehr Battalion Znaim
Znaim
– 2nd Landwehr Battalion Znaim
Iglau – 1st Landwehr Battalion Iglau
Iglau – 2nd Landwehr Battalion Iglau
THE MORAVIAN-SILESIAN LANDWEHR INFANTRY
ordered by recruitment district
Mährische Landwehr- Moravia
Commander Archduke Ferdinand and Burggraf Wallis
Organization:
1. Brünner Kreis (4 Battalions)
2. Hradischer Kreis (3 Battalions)
3. Iglauer Kreis (3 Battalions)
4. Olmützer Kreis (5 Battalions)
5. Prerauer Kreis (3 Battalions),
6. Teschener Kreis (2 Battalions)
7. Troppauer Kreis (3 Battalions)
8. Znaymer Kreis (2 Battalions)
- before Wagram: 9 Battalions
The Czechs and the Slavic People
Moravians (Moravané or colloquially Moraváci in Czech)
were (and are) the West Slavic inhabitants of Moravia, the easternmost
part of Bohemia, also in Moravian Slovakia. They speak Moravian dialect
of the Czech language and standard Czech.
The state has been a state of present-day Moravians and Slovaks. The
western part of Great Moravia's core (=present-day Moravia) was finally
conquered by Bohemia in early 11th century and its population was “czechicized” in
the 19th century. The eastern part of the core (=present-day Slovakia)
was finally conquered by the Magyars (Hungarians) in the 11th-14th
century and its population developed into present-day Slovaks in the
10th century.
The inhabitants of the core of the state were designed as "Slovieni"
(which is an old Slavic word basically meaning "Slavs" and
was also used by (future) Slovenians and Slavonians at that time) or "Moravian
peoples" by Slavic texts, and as "Sclavi" (i.e. Slavs),
"Winidi" (i.e. Slavs), "Moravian Slavs" or
"Moravians" by Latin texts. The present-day terms "Slovaks"
/ "Slovakia" (in Slovak: Sloveci / Slovensko) and
"Slovenes" / "Slovenia" (in Slovene: Slovenci /
Slovenija ) arose later from the above "Slovieni".
As for Slovaks they can be divided into:
1) Hungarian Slovaks dwelling the northern hungarian counties of
Nyitra, Trentschin, Türok, Arva, Liptau, Söhl, Bars, Hont,
Gömör, Neograd etc.
2) Moravian Slovaks also called Charvatians dwelling the Moravian
lowlands and hills. They were mostly in the areas of Hradisch (were
they were called Ungarische – Hungarians) and partially around
Brünn, Gaya, Ostrau, Lundenburg and on both banks of the river
Morava (March in German – Marchland = Morava land).
Mountain people who inhabited the highlands of the Prerau and
Hradisch districts were also called Walachians (like the rumenians)
but they were people similar to Hungarians in dress, language and
costumes. [20]
3) Silesian Slovaks dwelling the northern part of Moravia being
the lesser part of the Slovak gender.
The Olmütz District was also inhabited by Hannaques, a people
of farmers with dress, customs different from Slovaks. Their principal
wealth consisted in their cattle and flocks. They probably were
the most ancient slavic Moravian tribe. They lived, at the time,
in an area between Olmütz, Wischau, Kremsier and Prossenitz,
around 20000 square meter wide. Three small rivers (Hannah, Trzebowka
and Blata) granted and extreme fecundity to the ground.
The Poles
Frederick II the Great of Prussia seized Silesia from the Habsburg
heiress Maria Teresa in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48).
After Prussia's victory, Austria retained only the Silesian districts
of Krnov (Jägerndorf ), Opava (Troppau), and Cieszyn (Teschen),
which constituted extreme south-southeastern Silesia. Austria’s
Silesians (Silesian: in Polish Ślązacy; in German
Schläsinger) were considered as being Poles. While the Lower Silesian
language was considered a German dialect, spoken in Lower Silesia (Prussia),
mainly in southwestern Poland, but as well as in northeastern Bohemia
they spoke a slavic (rather polish) Silesian idiom.[21]
In every case they were considered to be part of Moravia. These districts
were united to Moravia until 1849.
Silesians apart, the Poles were of other two types:
1) the true Poles, of Galician origins, with the two people of Gorales
(from Hora or Gora = mountain; a mountain people of ancient Sarmatian
origin) and Masuraques (dwellers of the lowlands near Lublin, Oswiecim
till Tarnow, heirs of the ancient Polish noblemen);
2) the Rusnjaks (Rusyn) (who were called also Ruthenians and came
from Bielorussia) dwellers of the southern mountains (Carpathian)
till the northern Hungary counties. A group among them were the Pokutiens,
confined in the Carpathian mountains.
All these people dwelled mainly in the Galician lands.
Brünner Kreis (Brno)

1 Battalion of the BrigadeWodniansky in Olmütz, 3 Battalions
of the BrigadeChorinsky under Argenteau
1st Battalion Brünn - Oberstleutnant Count Franz Chorinsky
then major Count Johann Taafe.
- before Wagram: BrigadeBuresch, Division Brady, II Corps
- after Wagram: with remnants of III Battalion became the I Comb.
Brünner Landwehr Battalion.
2nd Battalion Cernahora - major Count Leopold Bukowsky
- after Wagram: for the main part was merged in the III combined
Moravian volunteers Battalion (Boxberg)
3rd Battalion Austerlitz - major Count Richard Longueval, then
major Count de Ségur
- before Wagram: BrigadeBuresch, Division Brady, II Corps
- after Wagram: with remnants of the I Battalion became the I Comb.
Brünner Landwehr Battalion.
4th Battalion Seelowitz major Friedrich Hoffmann von Mondsfeld
- before Wagram: in the BrigadeNeustädter, autonomous, V
Corps while (for others) in BrigadeNeustädter, Division Weissenwolf,
V Corps
- after Wagram: BrigadeNeustädter, autonomous, V Corps. In
August with 2 comp. of I Battalion became the II Comb. Brünner
Landwehr Battalion.
Hradischer Kreis
3 Battalions of the BrigadeDunoyer in Ung. Hradisch, Division St.Julien
under Argenteau
1st Battalion Strassnitz Oberstleutnant Count Franz Anton Magnis
(Magny) then Hauptmann Johann Schindler
- before Aspern: in Olmütz
- before Wagram: BrigadeClary, Division Fresnel, I Corps,
- after Wagram: in Olmütz (merged with the III Battalion)
2nd Battalion Holleschau major Johann Wurmb
- before Aspern till after Wagram: in Cracow
3rd Battalion Buschlowitz - major Count Leopold Berchtold then
major Joseph Höger (after Wagram)
- before Wagram: BrigadePaar, Division Brady, II Corps
then in the IV Corps
- after Wagram: BrigadeQuallenberg, Division Buresch, II Corps
later merged in the I Battalion Combined Hradischer Landwehr Battalions
Iglauer Kreis
1st Battalion Iglau - major Joseph Crehan
- before Wagram: BrigadeNeustädter, autonomous,
V Corps then of the VI Corps
- after Wagram: BrigadeNeustädter, autonomous, V Corps
2nd Battalion Iglau - major Baron Ernst von Boxberg
- no available data

Olmützer Kreis
2 Battalions (IV and V) of the brig. Pietsch in Troppau, Division
St.Julien under Argenteau. 3 battalions in Olmütz (brig. Wodniansky)
1st Battalion Olmütz district Hauptmann Fichtl (ad
interim) later major Franz Count Silva-Taroucca
- Olmütz town, Brigadebaron Wodniansky
2nd Battalion Olmütz district major Sylverius von Spannwald
- Mährische Schönberg, Brigadebaron Wodniansky
3rd Battalion Olmütz district major Franz Count Longueval
- Hohenstadt, Brigadebaron Wodniansky
4th Battalion Olmütz district - major Johann Bayer then major
Count Ségur
- with Oberst von Romberg at Troppau then with V
battalion
5th Battalion Olmütz district major Franz Schmidt then major
Count Khuenburg
- before Wagram: with Oberst von Romberg at Troppau
later BrigadeNeustädter, autonomous, V Corps then with the
VI Corps
- after Wagram: BrigadeNeustädter, autonomous, V Corps
Prerauer Kreis
2 Battalions of the brig. Pietsch in Troppau, Division St.Julien
under Argenteau
1st Battalion Prerau district major baron von Bereczko
- Teschen
2nd Battalion Prerau district major baron Ferdinand von Stücker
- Friedek
3rd Battalion Prerau district major Joseph von Khann then Major
Count Leopold Bukowsky (Bukuwky)
- Olmütz with GM baron Bojakowsky
Teschener Kreis
2 Battalions of the brig. Pietsch in Troppau, Division St.Julien
under Argenteau
1st Battalion Teschen - major Förster von Felsenburg then major
Nepomuk Hallász von Fischenbach
- in Cracow
2nd Battalion Friedeck - major Willibald Henzler von Lehnaburg
- Division Egermann, VII Corps, commanded to watch the Jablunkapaß
Troppauer Kreis
3 Battalions of the BrigadePietsch in Troppau, Division St.Julien
under Argenteau
1st Battalion Troppau - baron major Ignaz Wrbna
- Division Egermann, VII Corps
2nd Battalion Jägerndorf - baron major Ignaz Jókay
- in Cracow
3rd Battalion Zuckmantl - major Count Conrad Plunquet
- in Cracow
Znaymer Kreis
2 Battalions of the BrigadeRamberg in Znaim, Division St.Julien
1st Battalion Namiest - major count Ernst Ludwig Haugwitz
- before Wagram: BrigadeSwinburne, Division Rohan, IV Corps
- after Wagram: Division Radetzky, IV Corps then in Olmütz later
merged with the II Battalion in the Combined Znaymer Landwehr Battalion.
2nd Battalion Znaym - major Joseph Sterzl
- before Wagram: BrigadePaar, Division Brady, II Corps
- after Wagram: later merged with the I Battalion in the Combined
Znaymer Landwehr Battalion
3rd Battalion not raised
- after Wagram: the Znaym Landwehr were all combined together.
Combined Znaymer Landwehr Battalion Major Count Ernst Ludwig
Haugwitz
The Combined Mährisches Landwehr Battalion (Major
Boxberg)
- before Aspern: BrigadeAdler, Division Hohenfeld, VI Corps
- before Wagram: BrigadeSplényi, Division Kottulinsky, VI
Corps
then called the 3rd Mährisches Landwehr Battalion (Major
Praschma)
- after Wagram: Brig Adler, Division Hohenfeld, VI Corps
Commanders of the Landwehr Battalions - years 1808-1810; Moravia
and Silesia [22]
Commander
of the Battalion |
Nation |
Name of
the Battalion |
Sequence
of Command |
Bayer, Johann, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
4th Battalion
Olmutz |
2/2 |
Bereczko, Freiherr von, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Battalion
Prerau |
1/1 |
Berchtold, Leopold Graf, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
3rd Battalion
Hradisch |
1/2 |
Boxberg, Ernst Freiherr von, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
2nd Battalion
Iglau |
1/2 |
Bukowsky (Bukuwky), Leopold Graf, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
2nd Battalion
Brünn |
I 1/1 |
Silesian-Moravian |
3rd Battalion
Prerau |
II 2/2 |
Crehan, Joseph, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Battalion
Iglau |
1/3 |
Fichtl, Hptm. (ad interim) |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Battalion
Olmutz |
2/2 |
Förster von Felsenburg, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Battalion
Teschen |
1/2 |
Hallász von Fischenbach, Nepomuk, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Battalion
Teschen |
2/2 |
Haugwitz, Ernst Ludwig Graf, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Battalion
Znaim |
I 1/1 |
Silesian-Moravian |
Combined
Znaym Battalion (1st Battalion and part of 2nd Battalion
) |
II |
Henzler von Lehnaburg, Wunibald, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
2nd Battalion
Teschen |
1/1 |
Hoffmann von Mondsfeld, Friedrich, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
4th Battalion
Brünn |
I 1/1 |
Silesian-Moravian |
2nd Combined
Brünner Battalion
(4th Battalion and
part of 1st Battalion ) |
II |
Höger, Joseph, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
3rd Battalion
Ungarisch Hradisch |
2/2 |
Silesian-Moravian |
Combined
Hradisch Battalion
(3rd Battalion and
1st Battalion ) |
II |
Chorinsky, Franz Graf, Obtl. |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Battalion
Brünn |
1/2 |
Jókay, Ignaz Freiherr von, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
2nd Battalion
Troppau |
1/1 |
Khann, Joseph von, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
3rd Battalion
Prerau |
1/2 |
Khuenburg, Graf, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
5th Battalion
Olmutz |
1/2 |
Longueval, Franz Graf, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
3rd Battalion
Olmutz |
1/1 |
Longueval, Richard Graf, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
3rd Battalion
Brünn |
1/2 |
Magny, Franz Anton Graf, Obtl. |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Battalion
Ungarisch Hradisch |
1/2 |
Nesselrode, Max Graf, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Battalion
Iglau |
2/3 |
Plunquet (Plonguier), Conrad Graf, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
3rd Battalion
Troppau |
1/1 |
Ségur, Graf, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
4th Battalion
Olmutz |
I(?) 1/2 |
Silesian-Moravian |
3rd Battalion
Brünn |
II(?) 2/2 |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Combined
Brünner Battalion
(3rd Battalion and part of 1st Battalion ) |
III |
Schindler, Johann, Hptm. |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Battalion
Ungarisch Hradisch |
2/2 |
Schmidt, Franz, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
5th Battalion
Olmutz |
2/2 |
Silva-Taroucca, Franz Graf, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Battalion
Olmutz |
1/2 |
Spannwald, Sylverius von, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
2nd Battalion
Olmutz |
1/1 |
Sterzl, Joseph, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
2nd Battalion
Znaim |
I 1/1 |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Battalion
Iglau |
II 3/3 |
Stücker, Ferdinand Freiherr von, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
2nd Battalion
Prerau |
1/1 |
Taaffe, Johann Graf, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Battalion
Brünn |
2/2 |
Wrbna, Eugen Graf, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
1st Battalion
Troppau |
1/1 |
Wurmb, Johann, Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
2nd Battalion
Ungarisch Hradisch |
1/1 |
Würth, Carl, Hptm.-Major |
Silesian-Moravian |
2nd Battalion
Iglau |
2/2 |
Lands |
Source: Lubomír
Uhlíř |
Summary
of the Landwehr units on 1809
Moravia and Silesia |
|
District – region |
Number
of Battalions |
District –Region |
Number
of Battalions |
Brünner
Kreis |
4 |
Prerauer
Kreis |
3 |
Iglauer Kreis |
2 [23] |
Olmützer
Kreis |
5 |
Hradischer
Kreis |
3 |
Troppauer
Kreis |
3 |
Znaymer Kreis |
2 |
Teschner
Kreis |
2 |
Total |
24 |
|
|
1809 – VOLUNTEERS UNITS OF MORAVIA
- SILESIA
On l March 1809, it was allowed the creation of volunteer
battalions. The 1808 Landwehr Patent contained many exemptions, especially
for students, skilled workers and townspeople, but they could volunteer
for
“Freiwillige” units, augmented by Landwehr prepared
to serve outside their district. Volunteers signed up for the duration
of the war. All officers and NCOs had to have military experience and
so were retired or drafted regulars. The distinguishing uniform feature
of all western volunteer battalions was the cuffs red.

Mährische Freiwillige – Moravian Volunteers
= Mähr. Freikorps = Mähr.-Schles. Freiwillige = Mähr.
Legion, (part of the Legion Archduke Carl ??)
1st Moravian volunteers Battalion or Mährische Jäger – major
Johann Seyffert
- Recruitment: in the Landwehr district Brünn
- before Aspern: BrigadeReinhardt, Div, Schustekh, V Corps then to
the BrigadeD’Aspre, II Res. Corps
- at Aspern: BrigadeReinhardt, Division Schustekh, V Corps (never
engaged).
2nd Moravian volunteers Battalion or Mährische Jäger – major
Count Felix Vetter von der Lilie
after: major baron Joseph Le Breux
- Recruitment: in the Landwehr districts Olmütz - Prerau
- before Aspern: BrigadeGratze, Division Rohan, IV Corps
- at Aspern: BrigadeGratze, Division Dedovich, IV Corps
- between Aspern and Wagram: IV Corps
- at Wagram: BrigadeProvenchères, Division Radetzky, IV Corps
then autonomous in the Division Radetzky, IV Corps
3rd Moravian volunteers Battalion – major baron Ernst Boxberg
later: major Bernhard Dobler von Friedberg.
- Recruitment: in the Landwehr districts II Olmütz and II Iglau.
- before Aspern: BrigadeMesko, Division Vincent, VI Corps
- at Aspern: BrigadeAdler, Division Kottulinsky, VI Corp then BrigadeSplényi,
Division Vincent, VI Corps. Later BrigadeHofmeister, Division Vincent,
VI Corps
- at Wagram: BrigadeSplényi, Division Kottulinsky, VI Corp
Generic addenda for all units:
in April: 1 Battalion BrigadeBojakowsky in Olmütz, 1 BrigadePöck,
Division St.Julien under Argenteau.
- before Aspern: Battalions Moravian VolunteerJäger in the
BrigadeNostitz, Division Fresnel, I Corps -- 1 Battalion Moravian
VolunteerJäger BrigadeWinzingerode, Division Fresnel, I Corps
- after Wagram: 1 company Moravian VolunteerJäger BrigadeAdler,
Division Hohenfeldt, VI Corps
Notes:
[1] Maybe
it was only in Reserve during the action at Teugen, in which the III
Corps attacked.
[2] Pizzighelli,
Cajetan: Geschichte des k. k. Infanterie-Regimentes Kaiser Franz Joseph
Nr. 1. 1716 - 1881. Troppau: 1881.
[3] Amon von Treuenfest,
Gustav Ritter von: Geschichte des kaiserl. u. königl. kärnthnerisches
Infanterie-Regimentes Feldmarschall Graf von Khevenhüller Nr.
7. Wien: 1891.
[4] Gartner Edler von Romansbrück,
Anton: Geschichte des k. u. k. Infanterie-Regimentes Erzherzog Carl
Stephan No. 8 von der Errichtung des Regimentes bis auf die Gegenwart.
Brünn: 1892.
[5] Geschichte
des k. u. k. Infanterie-Regimentes Oskar II. Friedrich, König
von Schweden und Norwegen, Nr. 10. Wien: 1888.
[6] It seems extremely
contradictory what affirms the history of the regiment at page 255: “the
colonel and regiment commander Weigl, to whom, few time before, the
wounded general major Henneberg the brigade command had assigned”.
Was the regiment under Clary or Henneberg?
[7] Johann,
Erzherzog: Geschichte des k. k. Linien-Infanterie-Regiments Erzherzog
Wilhelm Nr. 12. Wien: 1877-80.
[8] Latterer
von Lintenburg, Adolf Ritter: Geschichte des k. k. 15. Infanterie-Regiments
Adolf Herzog zu Nassau. Prag: 1874.
[9] Many sources
say the regiment recruitment was in Bohemia, depot Chrudim. This was
the previous Kreis (1781-1800) but Wrede referred its levy was then
transferred to the Moravian Silesian area with Kader at Mährische
Schönberg and Myslenice. However there are some references of
personal soldiers military Papers which still listed Chrudim as recruitment
center for Zach’s troopers.
[10] When colonel Murray
was wounded (in the Hausen woods) Bresslern had to take the command.
However he was also wounded in the same battle and did not take the
command of the regiment. On May 26 oberst Murray became major general
and the command was given to Bresslern, who resigned on June 25 for
the severe wounds.
[11] Amon von Treuenfest,
Gustav Ritter von: Geschichte des k. k. Infanterie-Regimentes Nr. 20
Friedrich Wilhelm. Kronprinz des Deutschen Reiches und Kronprinz von
Preussen. Wien: 1878.
[12] In the Orders of
battle it can be found that the regiment had 2 battalions and 4 companies.
This is correct . In effect companies n. 17 and n. 18 had been formed
later and had not yet reached the regiment.
[13] Hubka
von Czernczitz, Gustav Ritter: Geschichte des k. u. k. Infanterie-Regiments
Graf Lacy Nr. 22 von seiner Errichtung bis zur Gegenwart. Zaza: 1902.
[14] Hödl,
Rudolf Edler von: Geschichte des k. u. k. Infanterieregiments Nr. 29
Gideon Ernst Freiherr von Laudon. Temesvár: 1906.
[15] Zwiedineck-Südenhorst
Hans von, “Die Brigade Thierry im Gefechte von Abensberg am 19.
und 20. April 1809” .
[16] Relation
Pflüger, KA., FA. 1809 Deutscliland Hauptarmee VI1/200.
[17] Joseph
Mittrowsky had died on March 2, 1808 at Paskau (Moravia).
[18] Janota, Robert: Geschichte
des K. und K. Infanterie-Regimentes Graf Daun Nr. 56. Teschen: 1889.
[19] Pillersdorff,
A.: Das 57. Infanterie-Regiment Fürst Jablonowski und die Kriege
seiner Zeit. Wien: 1857.
[20] In
effect there were a bit of confusion upon the mountain people
of Moravia (and Silesia). Walachians wee different from Slovaks but
had a similar dialect and were also different from the Hannaques, which
were rather confused with Slovaks. Walachians had other denominations,
one different for each village (they were mostly shepherds): Kopaniczares,
Chorobates, Passekarsches or Sallaschener. In Rohrer, Versuch über
die slawischen Bewohner der österreichischen Monarchie. 1804,
VolunteerI, p. 29.
[21] There is some contention
over whether Silesian is a dialect or a language in its own right.
Some Polish linguists consider Silesian to be merely a prominent regional
dialect of Polish. However, many Silesians regard it as a separate
language belonging to the West Slavic branch of Slavic languages, together
with Polish and other Lechitic languages, as well as Upper and Lower
Sorbian, Czech and Slovak. In July 2007 the Silesian language was recognized
by the Library of Congress in USA.
[22] Courtesy
of Karel Sáček
[23] The 3rd Battalion was not completed, the men were attached to the
3rd Moravian volunteers Battalion .
Placed on the Napoleon Series: July 2010
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