Organization, Strategy & Tactics

This paper won an Honorable Mention in the “Best Publication
and/or Translation into English of New Archival Material or Books Long
Out of Print” Category in the 2005 Napoleon Series Writing Contest!

A reproduction of the 1789 year book describing the pre-Revolution
French military establishment.

REGLEMENT Concernant
l’exercice et les Manœuvres de l’Infanterie: Du 1er août 1791

The French Drill Manual

Beyer, Leopold
Leopold Beyer’s War Scenes:
1813 – 1815

Contemporary sketches of the French Army in Germany.

Beorn, Waitman
“Heads Up, By God!”

French Cavalry At Eylau, 1807 And Napoleon’s Cavalry Doctrine.

Broughton, Tony
Flag Ships Commanded by French Admirals
during the period 1791-1815

What ships French admirals sailed on.

Broughton, Tony
Armes d’Honneur
Awarded to the Regiments de la Garde Impériale

Armes d’Honneur Awarded
to the French Cavalry: 1799 – 1802

Armes d’Honneur
Awarded to the Regiments d’Infanterie de Ligne

Armes d’Honneur
Awarded to the Regiments d’Infanterie Legere

Armes d’Honneur
Awarded to the Regiments d’Artillerie

Armes d’Honneur
Awarded to the Bataillons du Train d’Artillerie

Prior to the introduction of the Legion d’Honneur in 1803 the men
of the French Army received Armes d’Honneur in recognition of their
bravery on the battlefield.

Broughton, Tony
French Artillery Regiments
and the Colonels Who Led Them 1792-1815

Napoleon’s artillery was the most feared in the world. This group of
articles looks at the French gunners and the men who led them!

Broughton, Tony
French Cavalry Regiments
and the Colonels Who Led Them 1792-1815

While there are literally thousands of books on the Emperor and his
marshals, generals, and the people who surrounded him very little as
been written on the men who commanded his regiments. This is a 21
part series that looks at the history of each cavalry regiment, plus
their regimental commanders and officer casualties. This series of
articles won the 2000 Napoleon Series Writing Contest’s Best of Series
Award!

Broughton, Tony

French Infantry Regiments
and the Colonels Who Led Them 1792-1815

French Infantry Officer
Casualties during the Napoleonic Wars

A 32 part series on the history of the French line infantry and the
men who led them!!

Broughton, Tony

French Light Infantry Regiments
and the Colonels Who Led Them 1792-1815

A eight part series on the French light infantry regiments. This
group of articles won the 2002 Napoleon Series Writing Contest’s “Honorable
Mention, Best of Series Award”!

Broughton, Tony & J.F.
The Imperial Guard

A variety of articles on the most famous units of the Napoleonic
Wars.

Brougthon, Tony
Auxiliary Regiments in the
Service of France and the Colonels who led Them during the period 1804
– 1815: Regiments d’Infanterie Suisse

Officer Casualties
suffered by the Auxiliary Regiments in the Service of France 1804-1815:
Regiments d’Infanterie Suisse

The Swiss Regiments!

Regiments d’Infanterie Etrangers
and the Colonels who led them during the period 1804-1815

Regiments d’Infanterie Etrangers
and the Colonels who led them during the period 1804-1815: Bataillons
Etranger

Officer Casualties
Suffered by the Regiments d’Infanterie Etrangers during the period 1804-1815:
Part One

Officer Casualties
Suffered by the Regiments d’Infanterie Etrangers during the period 1804-1815:
Part Two

The Foreign Regiments!

Regiments d’Infanterie
Etrangers and the Colonels who led them during the period 1804-1815:
The Polish Regiments

Officer Casualties
Suffered by the Regiments d’Infanterie Etrangers during the period 1804-1815:
the Polish Regiments

The Poles!

Regiments d’Infanterie Etrangers
and the Colonels who led them during the period 1804-1815: The Spanish
and Portuguese Regiments

Officer Casualties
Suffered by the Regiments d’Infanterie Etrangers during the period 1804-1815:
the Spanish and Portuguese Regiments

The Spanish and Portuguese Units!

Regiments d’Infanterie Etrangers
and the Colonels who led them during the period 1804-1815: Regiments
Croates

Officer Casualties
Suffered by the Regiments d’Infanterie Etrangers during the period 1804-1815:
The Regiments Croates

The Balkans!

Burnham, Robert
French Artillery during
the battle of Auerstadt

Until recently the exact order-of-battle for the artillery
during the battle of Auerstadt was difficult to find. Sources are contradictory
and few even agree on the number of guns…

Burnham, Robert
The Tirailleurs Corses.

/military-info/organization and Uniforms of the Tirailleurs Corses in 1809.

Burnham, Robert
Uniforms of the French
23rd Chasseurs-a-Cheval 1811-1812

The name says it all…

Clarke, Daniel
The Chevau-Legers du Duc d’Arenberg and the 27th Chasseurs-a-Cheval, 1806-1814

A short history of the regiment raised by the Duc d’Arenberg.

Contant, Dominique
Les Medaillers
de Saint Helene (In French)

The Medaillers
of Saint Helene (In English)

In 1857, Napoleon III created the medal of Saint Helene for
all the veterans of the wars of the Revolution and the Empire. . .

Contant, Dominique
/military-info/organization of a French
Infantry Demi-Brigade: 1793

Its /military-info/organization based on the 12 August 1793 Law.

Contant, Dominique
Recommendations
by France’s Council of State on Conscription in 1806

Recommendations
by France’s Council of State on Conscription in 1811

Figures on what each department had to provide and to which regiment.

Crowdy, Terry
A French Infantry Battalion at Wagram, 1809

A detailed study of how the 9th Légère expanded to a five battalion regiment and the effect it had on it by 1809.

Cueto, Dionisio Álvarez
The French Armies in Spain
1808: The Artwork of Dionisio Álvarez Cueto

The French Armies in
Spain 1809: The Artwork of Dionisio Álvarez Cueto

Paintings by a Spanish artist who lives in Madrid.

Dawson, Anthony
An Army Marches on Its Stomach?

An assessment of the rations of the Napoleonic French army from a nutritional and health standpoint.

The Geographical Engineers/Ingenieurs-geographes

The /military-info/organization and uniforms of the Geographical Engineers.

Dawson, Paul
Conscript Grenadiers of the Imperial Guard

Their /military-info/organization and uniforms based on information found in the French Army Archives.

Flanquer-Grenadiers of the Imperial Guard

Their /military-info/organization and uniforms based on information found in the French Army Archives.

French Artillery
in 1807
Note: This paper won the 2004 Napoleon Series Writing Contest “Honorable
Mention, Best Military Paper Award”!

The /military-info/organization of the artillery in the Grande Armee.

The Forgotten
Army? Napoleon’s Foreign Troops in 1815

The foreigners who rallied to Napoleon in 1815

The French Cavalry in Austria in 1809

How Napoleon mobilized his cavalry for the war with Austria.

Grognards: Grenadier a Pied de la Garde 1799 – 1815

A study of the men. . .

Napoleon’s Gunners:
The Guard Foot Artillery

The /military-info/organization, uniforms, tactics, and employment of the Napoleon’s
Imperial Guard Artillerie-á-Pied.

The Artillery of
System An XI
Note: This paper won the 2002 Napoleon Series Writing Contest “Honorable
Mention, Best Military Paper Award”!

Why the System An XI artillery replaced the Gribeauval system of
guns.

Artillery
Train of the Guard: 1800-1815

Its /military-info/organization and structure. Has several pictures of a re-enactment
unit.

The
Imperial Guard and Polish Nationalism: 1812-1814

Little known foreign units in the Imperial Guard.

Napoleon’s Equine Strategy in 1813

Did Napoleon really have a shortage of horses in 1813?

Napoleon’s
Polish Lancers of the Guard

A brief history of this famous regiment.

Officer’s
Coat, Chevau-Leger-Lanciers Polonaise de la Garde Imperiale c.1812

A heavily illustrated guide to the coat worn by an officer of the
Polish Lancers.

Portrait
of a Grenadier-à-Cheval of the Imperial Guard

A look at the average age, height, and experience of a Grenadier-à-Cheval

French Cavalry Remounts and Replacements December 1806 to December 1807

How Napoleon kept his regiments mounted.

Tirailleurs
de la Garde Imperiale: 1809-1815

The /military-info/organization, leaders, uniforms, and employment of the Napoleon’s
Tirailleurs of the Guard.

Uniforms
of the Chasseurs-à-Pied de la Garde

Uniforms
of the Chasseurs-à-Pied de la Garde: the Drummers & Musicians

Uniforms
of the Chasseurs-à-Pied de la Garde: the Sappers

Uniforms
of the Chasseurs-à-Pied de la Garde: the Officers

A detailed look at the uniforms and equipment of the Old Guard Chasseurs!
Contains many photos.

Uniform of the
Grenadiers-á-Pied de la Garde: 1810-1815

Uniform of the
Drummers of the Grenadiers-á-Pied de la Garde: 1810-1815

Uniform of the
Sapeurs of the Grenadiers-á-Pied de la Garde: 1810-1815

Uniform of the
Officers of the Grenadiers-á-Pied de la Garde: 1810-1815

A detailed look at the uniforms and equipment of the Old Guard Grenadiers!
Contains many photos.

Uniforms of the French 12th Hussars from 1813 – 1814

Based on on material he found in the French Archives.

Uniforms of the Jerome Napoleon Hussars

Based on on material he found in the French Archives.

Desanois, Emmanuel
Organisation

L’organisation des armées du Premier Empire. Article
only available in French.

Gibson, David J.
Napoleon and the Grande Armée:
Military Innovations Leading to a Revolution in 19th Century Military
Affairs

The great innovations represented by the Grande Armée
gave Napoleon a tool that fit perfectly with his emphasis on speed,
maneuver, and maintaining the offensive…

Graves, Donald
Louis de Tousard
and His “Artillerists Companion”: an Investigation
of Source Material for Napoleonic Period Ordnance

Henschel Brothers
The French Army
in Berlin in 1809: the Uniform Plates of the Henschel Brothers

Contemporary images of French uniforms — mostly of the Imperial
Guard.

Holmberg, Tom
Following the Drum: Cantinières

A look at the brave women, who served their regiments so well.

Jones, John
/military-info/organization of the French
Engineer Equipment Train as decreed on 25 March 1811

Kiley, Kevin
The Eagle’s Talons: Generalship
in La Grande Armée

Across Europe they strode like colossus…

The Grand Quartier-General
Imperial and the Corps d’Armée

The French staff system.

/military-info/organization, Tactics, and
Employment of Artillery in the Grande Armee, 1800-1815

A look at French artillery doctrine.

Theorists, Instructors, and
Practitioners: The Evolution of French Doctrine

A look at how French military doctrine evolved from pre-Revolutionary
times to the Napoleonic era.

Lo Presti, Francois
A Brief History of the
12th Chasseurs-à-Cheval.

The name says it all…

Lozier, Jean-Francois
Foot Grenadier

About Napoleon’s most famous soldiers: the Foot Grenadiers
of His Imperial Guard.

Marc
Light Cavalry Sabers
the French Army

Marc examines the 4 different kinds of sabers used by the light cavalry.

Marc
The Chasseur-à-Cheval
de La Garde Impériale Sabre

A look at the sabres carried by the troopers of the Chasseur-à-Cheval
de la Garde Impériale.

The “Superior Officer Hussar
Style – Consulate” Sabre

A look at the sabres carried by the superior officers of the
French hussars.

Martin, Yves
French Artillery 1789 to
1800

/military-info/organization prior to the Revolution: 1789-1790.

Martin, Yves
The Uniform Plates of
Vernet – Lami: The French Army 1791 – 1815

A huge collection of Napoleonic Uniform Plates! You have to
see these to believe them!!

Martin, Yves
French Voluntary Foreign
Pioneers.

An overview of the Voluntary Foreign Pioneers in the French Army.

Millar, Stephen
French Colonels and Colonels-in-Chief (1789): Foreign Infantry Regiments

A look at the French infantry regiments in 1789 and the colonels
who commanded them.

Morillon, Paul
Capri, Octobre 1808: Opération
amphibie et “commandos” de l’Empereur.

During the Napoleonic Wars, there were numerous raids and
attacks by British forces on French held islands in the Mediterranean
Sea. This piece, written in French, provides detailed information on
the attack on Capri and includes orders-of-battle and numerous black
and white illustrations of the uniforms of the participants, including
the numerous French units.

Morillon, Marc
Translated by Paul Morillon. Drawings by Pierre Salamand.
The Siege Mortars and Their
Related Skills During the Napoleonic Era

Some of you have probably noticed in “la Cour d’honneur
des Invalides,” some strange “guns” with a short and wide tube.
These devices deserve to be better known and represented.

Nafziger, George
Napoleon’s Use of His Imperial
Guard

In his unpublished doctorate dissertation, George Nafziger
demonstrates how Napoleon used his Guard as a instrument of French Imperial
policy in several different ways.

Nafziger, George
Oudinot’s Grenadier Division:
1806-1809

A total of 17 “elite” battalions were raised and organized
into seven regiments in December 1806…

Nafziger, George
What a French Fusilier Carried
in 1812

The contents of an 1812 French Fusilier’s knapsack and haversack.

Neveu, Stephane
Auerstadt 1806

Orders of battle for the Battle of Auerstadt. Article only
available in French.

Ouvrard, Robert
Mottos of French Cavalry Regiments

A compilation of French regimental cavalry slogans. This is a companion
piece to Mr. Ouvrard’s Infantry Mottos!

Ouvrard, Robert
Mottos of French Infantry Regiments

A compilation of French regimental infantry slogans. This
piece is the result of many hours of research and I know of no other
place where there is such a comprehensive listing!

Pappas, Dale
Grande
Armée Veterans in the Egyptian Army of the Greek
War of Independence 1824-1828

French soldiers in Egypt after the Napoleonic Wars. . .

Pool, Marikska and Mark van Hattem
To Delft via Archangelsk: H.T. Verhoef (1790-1865) and
His Uniform Jacket

A rare look at the 1812 Russian Campaign as seen through the eyes
of a Dutch surgeon. The authors, who are curators at the Royal Netherlands
Army and Arms Museum have access to jacket Verhoef wore and other
personal items, which they use to flesh out his memoirs!

Potrelle
The French Consular
Guard in 1801: the Potrelle Uniform Plates

Contemporary prints of the Consular Guard in 1801.

Pouvesle, Frédéric
La Garde Impériale

A brief history and description of the uniforms of all (?)
regiments of the French Imperial Guard. Article only available in French.

Reese, Tim
Uniforms
of the French Hussars: 1804 – 1813

Color plates of the uniforms of all 13 regiments.

Uniforms
of the French Line Infantry: 1804 – 1812

Saint Hilaire, Emile Marco de
History
of the Imperial Guard
Translated by Greg Gorsuch

The first English translation of this seminal work on the Imperial
Guard that was published in 1845. It first sold as a subscription
and eventually consisted of 40 “books” each of 16 pages!

Scattolin, Roberto A.
By Order of
the Commander-in-Chief: the Origin of the Guides-à-cheval

How Napoleon’s first guard came to be.

Aperçus
d’histoire: the
5th French Hussars (1807)

A history of the 5th Hussars.

31e
Régiment de Chasseurs: La phalange infernale (The
Hellish Phalanx)

A brief look at an incident in 1814.

Smith, Steven H.
X Corps de la Grande Armée
in 1812

A superb order-of-battle for the X Corps of the Grande Armée
in 1812.

Smith, Steven H.
French Military Manuals

A Bibliography of French Military Manuals and Instructions
Concerning the Napoleonic Period.

Suhr Brothers
The
French 5th Corps of the Armée du Réserve
du Rhin in Hamburg (1806 – 1807): the Uniform Plates of the Suhr Brothers

French Sailors of the Guard in Hamburg (circa 1806 – 1807): the
Uniform Plates of the Suhr Brothers

The French 8th Corps in Hamburg (1806 – 1808): the Uniform Plates
of the Suhr Brothers

French Cavalry in Hamburg (1811 – 1812): the Uniform Plates of
the Suhr Brothers

French Units in the Defense of Hamburg (1813 – 1814): the Uniform
Plates of the Suhr Brothers

Contemporary illustrations of French troops stationed in Hamburg.

Tournès, René
Translated by John Hussey
The GQG [Headquarters] of Napoleon I in 1813

The /military-info/organization of Napoleon’s HQ in the Campaign of 1813.

Vovsi, Eman
Le 3e (Piémont) Régiment
d’infanterie de ligne 1495-1815

A history of one of the oldest regiments in the French Army.

A
Heavy Price for the Glory of the Empire: Losses in Regimental Commanders
and Staff Personnel of Napoléon’s Grande
Armée

The heavy casualty toll among regimental commanders.

Paul Thiébault
and the Development of the French Staff system from Ancien Régime
to the Revolution

Pierre
Daru, the System of Military Administration, and le Code Militaire,
1805

The evolution of the French military bureaucracy and military law.

Wasson, Major James U.S. Army
The Army Corps

The development of the Corps D’Armée and its
impact on Napoleonic warfare

Yvert, Louis
Historique
du 13e Regiment du Cuirassiers (1807-1814)

Frankfurt

Broughton, Antony
The Uniform Plates of Richard Knötel: The Grand Duchy of Frankfurt Army
1802 – 1814

Four uniform plates by Richard Knötel.

Neumann, Friedrich
Frankfurt Volunteers of the Wars of Liberation: the Uniform Plates
of Friedrich Neumann

Contemporary uniform images from 1813-1814.

Sauzey
The Germans under the French Eagles Volume 1: The Frankfurt Regiment
Translated by Greg Gorsuch

A history of the Frankfurt Regiment

Tennant, Richard
The German and Dutch Troops in Spain Chapter 1 Part II: Troops of Frankfurt

Frankfurt’s contribution to Napoleon’s Invasion of Spain

Germany

Burnham, Robert
Greatcoats of the Minor
German States

An overview of the greatcoats of the Minor German States of
the period 1809 – 1812.

Hofschröer, Peter
German Waterloo Sources:

An Examination of Material in the German Language on the Campaign
of 1815.

Taenzer, Michael A.
King’s German Artillery 1814 –
1815

The /military-info/organization of the King’s German Artillery 1814 – 1815

Great Britain

British Army Ranks and
Their Naval Equivalent

British Officer Pensions: 1811

Aaron, Martin
2nd Battalion 69th (South Lincolnshire) Foot during the
Waterloo Campaign

A company by company examination of the manpower and
casualties of the battalion.

Bamford, Andrew
British Army Theatre Returns: 1808-1815

A comprehensive study of the monthly returns for every Theatre of War the British Army was deployed to from 1808 to 1815.

British Army Individual Unit Strengths: 1808-1815

A comprehensive study of the monthly unit returns for every British infantry battalion, cavalry regiment, and support units on active service from 1808 to 1815.

Bois, Mark
The Inniskillings at Waterloo

The demographics of the 1st Battalion 27th Foot.

Leadership and Experience: British Officers at Waterloo

How experienced were the British junior officers and how experience
or lack of experience affected their unit’s performance

Burnham, Robert
British Army Regimental Returns: 1st Foot Guards 1815

Copies of the original monthly returns for the 1st Foot Guards

Burnham, Robert
The British Regimental Mess in
the Peninsula War

During the Napoleonic Wars, the British Army officer’s life
centered around his regimental mess when he was not on duty…

Burnham, Robert
Murder in the 42nd

A story of love, murder, and British military justice in the 42nd Highlanders
along the Spanish border in 1813.

Burnham, Robert
Spanish Recruits in the British
Army 1812 – 1814

Reclutas Españoles
en el Ejército Británico 1812 – 1814 (In Spanish)

Late in the Peninsular War, the British Army was running out
of men. So they instituted a program to recruit Spanish men into their
infantry regiments.

Burnham, Robert
What a British Rifleman Carried
in 1809

During the Napoleonic Wars, a British rifleman carried almost
eighty pounds of equipment.

Burnham, Robert and Cook, John
Nicknames of British Units
during the Napoleonic Wars

Most military units throughout the world have a nickname that
they are often called in an informal setting. Sometimes these nicknames
are given out of respect for some heroic deed, but more often they were
given to the unit by people outside of the unit to make fun of it…

Burnham, Robert and Ron McGuigan
British General Officer Casualties in Wellington’s Army: 1808 – 1815

How likely was a British general to become a casualty?

British Staff Pay during the Napoleonic Wars

How the British Army paid its officers on the staff.

How Senior Officers Were Promoted in the British Army during the Napoleonic Wars

A look at the confusing paths of senior promotions in the British Army.

Wellington’s Generals Who Were Members of Parliament

Many of Wellington’s generals were Members of Parliament while serving in the Peninsula and Waterloo.

Centeno, João
British Officers
Serving as General Officers in the Portuguese Army

Many of the Portuguese Army’s Brigade Commanders were British officers.

Officers
Awarded with the Portuguese “Medalha De Distinção
De Comando”: Medal of Distinction (in Command) Known
as Commander’s Medal for the Peninsular War

A listing of who recieved the Portuguese Medal of Distinction

Dawson, Anthony L.

Some notes on the
Royal Artillery in the Peninsula 1808

The problems faced by the British Artillery in the early days of
the Peninsular War.

The British Mounted Arm and Domestic Horse Trade 1814-1818: Cast offs and Reductions

What the British Army did with its excess horses once peace was declared.

Wellington’s
Big Bang: the British 12-pounders

British 12 pounders!

Dawson, Paul
Standing orders in His Majesty’s First (or Royal) Regiment of Dragoonscommanded by General the Earl of Pembroke

Egerton, T.
Light Infantry Exercise:
As Ordered in His Majesty’s Regulations for the Movement of the Troops

A reprint of a 1797 document on how British Army Regulations thought
light infantry should operate.

Foster, Ray
Notes
on Wellington’s Peninsular Infantry Regiments

Histories of the various British infantry regiments that fought
in the Peninsular.

Notes on Wellington’s
Cavalry in the Peninsula

Histories of the various British cavalry regiments that fought
in the Peninsular.

Graves, Donald
A French General Views His Enemy:
Général de Division Maximilien Foy Analyzes the British Army

An opponent’s view of the British Army.

British Military Discipline in the Napoleonic Period: Gleanings from
the Inquiry into the System of Military Punishments in the Army, 1836

A commission set up by the King William IV to review whether military
punishments should be changed.

“In no service or country is the ceremony so awful and impressive:” British
Military Executions in the Napoleonic Period.

Contemporary accounts of British military executions.

“Such a woman seldom
appears”: The Curious Tales of Sergeant Sarah Taylor of the 15th
Light Dragoons and Trooper Johanna Stain of the King’s German Legion

Contemporary accounts of women serving as soldiers in the British
Army.

“We Have an Immediate
Opening:” The Seniority of Brigade Commanders in the Peninsular
Army, 1812

An examination of the seniority of British brigade commanders in
1812.

Where Have All the Regiments Gone? The Modern Descendants of the Regiments
of the 1815 British Army

A listing of the regiments from 1815 and their new names now.

Hadaway, Stuart
The Regimental School System
and Education in the British Army in the Napoleonic Era

How the British Army set up schools to teach their soldiers and the
children of the regiment how to read and write. This paper won
“Best General History Paper” in the 2001 Napoleon Series
Writing Contest!

Hewgill, James
The British
Army in 1792: the Uniform Plates of James Hewgill

Contemporary images of the British infantry uniforms.

McGuigan, Ron
Allied Occupation Army
in post-Waterloo France

British & Hanoverian Contingents of the Allied Occupation
Army in post- Waterloo France

British Regiments in the Peninsular War 1808-1814

The units that served in the Peninsular War and what happened to
them over the years.

Per Mare Per
Terram – the Royal Marines 1793-1815

The /military-info/organization of the Royal Marines.

The British Army: 1793

A look at the British Army at the start of the Era, to include a
list of senior officers and the individual regiments. This paper
won “Best Military Paper: Honorable Mention” in the 2003
Napoleon Series Writing Contest!

The Forgotten
Army: Fencible Regiments of Great Britain 1793-1816

The force behind Britain’s Regular Army. To include /military-info/organization,
units, commanders, strength, dates of raising, and dates of existence.
This paper won “Best Military Paper: Honorable Mention”
in the 2003 Napoleon Series Writing Contest!

McGuigan, Ron & Robert Burnham
State of the British Army
in 1805

An overview of the garrisons and strength of the British Army in
1805.

Millar, Stephen
Deadly at Close-Range:
His Majesty’s Ship “Glatton” (1795-1814)

The Royal Navy’s first (and only) warship armed exclusively with
carronades.

Promotion in the Flag Ranks in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic
Wars

How the Royal Navy promoted their admirals.

Morillon, Paul
Capri, Octobre 1808: Opération
amphibie et “commandos” de l’Empereur

During the Napoleonic Wars, there were numerous raids and
attacks by British forces on French held islands in the Mediterranean
Sea. This piece, written in French, provides detailed information on
the attack on Capri and includes orders-of-battle and numerous black
and white illustrations of the uniforms of the participants, including
the numerous British units such as the Royal Corsican Rangers and Marines.

Nichols, Alistair
Officers and Organisation of the Dutch Brigade 1802

A look at a little known foreign unit in the British Army.

O’Keeffe, Eamonn
Fops under Fire: British Drum-Majors in Action during the Napoleonic Wars

The men whose character were as colorful as their uniforms!

Read, Martin
The British 1796 Pattern
Light Cavalry Sword

A look at the light cavalry sword used by the British Army.

Getting the Point: Some
Functional Aspects of the 1796 British Heavy Cavalry Sword

Examines the different modifications made by soldiers in the field
to the British heavy cavalry sword point. This paper won “Best
Military Paper” in the 2003 Napoleon Series Writing Contest!

Cavalry Combat
and the Sword: Sword Design, Provision, and Use in the British Cavalry
of the Napoleonic Era.

Why British swordmanship was so effective!

Scattolin, Roberto.
A Conjugal Familiarity: Historic Asymmetries and Social Plan during the 1808 Portuguese Campaign

A study of the impact of her husband’s death on the wives who accompanied the British Army on campaign.

Taenzer, Michael A.
King’s German Artillery 1814 –
1815

The /military-info/organization of the King’s German Artillery 1814 – 1815

Tennant, Richard

Some Thoughts on Communication on the Battlefield from the British Perspective

The difficulty of communicating on a battlefield with a multi-lingual army.

Wellington and Money

How Wellington paid his Army’s bills during the Peninsula War

Wellington’s Mules

A study of about the British Peninsular Army’s reliance on mules

The Welsh in the British Army

Most histories go to great lengths to emphasize how well represented the Scots were in the British Army. Yet few look at the Welsh. In an effort to correct this oversight, Dick Tennant describes their contribution.

Thompson, Mark S.
Allied Use of Telegraphs during the Peninsular War

How Wellington’s Army communicated rapidly over vast distances.

Hannover

Cook, John
The Hanoverian Legion

The Légion Hanovrienne was created by General Mortier,
Governor of Hanover, on 12 August 1803 following the French occupation.

McGuigan, Ron
Allied Occupation Army
in post- Waterloo France

British & Hanoverian Contingents of the Allied Occupation
Army in post- Waterloo France.

McGuigan, Ron
Hanoverian Light Battalions:
1813 – 1815

An examination of the light infantry units in the Hanoverian
Army.

Neumann, Friedrich
Hanoverian
Freikorps and Landwehr of the Wars of Liberation: the Uniform Plates
of Friedrich Neumann

Contemporary images of the Hannoverian Army in 1813 – 1814.

Suhr Brothers
The Hanoverian
Legion Cavalry in Hamburg (1811): the Uniform Plates of the Suhr Brothers

Contemporary images from 1811.

Taenzer, Michael A.
King’s German Artillery 1814 –
1815

The /military-info/organization of the King’s German Artillery 1814 – 1815

Hanseatic Cities (Hamburg, Lübeck,
and Bremen)

Neumann, Friedrich
Hanseatic
Cities (Hamburg, Lübeck, and Bremen) Volunteers of the
Wars of Liberation: the Uniform Plates of Friedrich Neumann

Contemporary images of the volunteers in 1813-1814.

Hesse-Darmstadt

Decoraations and
Awards

The Order of Saint Ludwig

Desanois, Emmanuel
Les Hessois

Les Alliés de la France durant la campagne de Russie. Article
only available in French.

Tennant, Richard
The German and Dutch Troops in Spain Chapter 1 Part II: Troops of Hessen-Darmstadt

Hesse-Darmstadt’s contribution to Napoleon’s Invasion of Spain

Hessen-Kassel

Neumann, Friedrich
Hessen-Kassel Landwehr and Volunteers of the Wars of Liberation:
the Uniform Plates of Friedrich Neumann

Contemporary uniform images of 1813-1814.

Holland

Tennant, Richard
The German and Dutch Troops in Spain Chapter 1 Part III: Troops of Holland

Dutch contributions to Napoleon’s Invasionof Spain

Italy

Frasca, Francesco
Les Italiens – The Italians

Les Italiens dans l’armée Française:récrutement
et encadrement – Italians in the French army: recruitement and incorporation

Frasca, Francesco
Les Italiens dans l’Armée
napoléonienne: Des légions aux Armées de la République
italienne et du Royaume d’Italie

A detailed look at the Italian units that served with the
French during the Revolution and the Empire. (In French)

Ilari, Virgilio
The
Italian Military in the Napoleonic Wars 1792-1815

A major study of the Italians in the Napoleonic Wars. (In Italian).

Scattolin, Roberto
The Memorie Zucchi: an Extrapolation of the 1809 Italian
Campaign

How one Italian officer’s nationalism was in conflict with the French
Empire in 1809.

Suhr Brothers
The Italian Army in Hamburg (1806 – 1807): the Uniform Plates of
the Suhr Brothers

Contemporary images of the Italian Army.

Lithuania

Dawson, Paul
The
Imperial Guard and Polish Nationalism: 1812-1814

A look at the Lithuanians who served in Napoleon’s Imperial Guard.

Kudriashov, Ilya
Lithuanian Military under
Napoleon in 1812

On 24 June 1812, the French army invaded the Russian Empire
near Kaunas… On 1 July 1812, Napoleon established the Great Lithuanian
Principality with its own government and army. This is about the /military-info/organization
of that army.

Mecklenburg-Schwerin & Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Neumann, Friedrick
Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz Volunteers of the
Wars of Liberation: the Uniform Plates of Friedrich Neumann

Contemporaray images of the uniforms from 1813-1814

Naples

Morillon, Paul
Capri, Octobre 1808: Opération
amphibie et “commandos” de l’Empereur

During the Napoleonic Wars, there were numerous raids and
attacks by British forces on French held islands in the Mediterranean
Sea. This piece, written in French, provides detailed information on
the attack on Capri and includes orders-of-battle and numerous black
and white illustrations of the uniforms of the participants, including
the Neapolitan units.

Reese, Tim
Uniforms of the Royal Guard of the Kingdom of Naples

A pictorial study of the Neapolitan Royal Guard uniforms.

Nassau

Tennant, Richard
The German and Dutch Troops in Spain Chapter 3 Part II: Troops of Nassau and Westphalia

Nassau’s contribution to Napoleon’s Invasion of Spain

Netherlands

Bijl, Marco
History and Organisation of the Dutch 8th Militia Battalion

An indepth look at a Dutch unit during the Waterloo Campaign.

de Groot, Bas
Organisation of the Land Forces in the Dutch East Indies Colonies: Fixed as per 7 March 1808

Data on the Dutch forces in the East Indies

Develloet, André

The
Dutch-Belgian Cavalry at Waterloo Archives

Documents covering the Dutch-Belgian regiments.

Pool, Marikska and Mark van Hattem
To Delft via Archangelsk: H.T. Verhoef (1790-1865) and
His Uniform Jacket

A rare look at the 1812 Russian Campaign as seen through the eyes
of a Dutch surgeon. The authors, who are curators at the Royal Netherlands
Army and Arms Museum have access to jacket Verhoef wore and other
personal items, which they use to flesh out his memoirs!

Four
Men and a Woman: Remarkable Dutch Experiences during the Russian
Campaign of Napoleon in 1812

What motivated some of Napoleon’s Dutch troops in 1812.

Suhr Brothers
The Dutch Army
in Hamburg (1807 – 1808): the Uniform Plates of the Suhr Brothers

Contemporary illustrations of the Dutch Army.

Street, George
Dutch Troops of the
French Revolutionary
and Napoleonic Wars
1793 to 1810

This material is taken from a book that Mr. Street has
written on the /military-info/organization, orders-of-battle, and uniforms of the Dutch
army from 1792-1810. It will be published in September 2012.

van Uythoven, Geert
The Dutch Army of 1793-1794

This material is taken from a book that Mr. van Uythoven is
writing on the /military-info/organization, orders-of-battle, and uniforms of the Dutch
army from 1792-1815.

van Uythoven, Geert
The Dutch Indian Brigade

On 13th August 1814, the former Batavian/Dutch colonies were
given back to the Dutch government by the Treaty of London. At 18th
August the strength for the troops to be sent to the colonies was established…

van Uythoven, Geert
The Netherlands Reserve
Army 1815

On 24 May 1815 it was decided to create a Reserve Army, to reinforce
the Netherlands Field Army…

Piedmont

Isnard, Ludovic
/military-info/organization of the
Savoy-Piedmont-Sardinian Armies 1792-1815

A look at the structure of one of the lesser known armies.

Poland

Broughton, Tony
Regiments d’Infanterie
Etrangers and the Colonels who led them during the period 1804-1815:
The Polish Regiments

Officer Casualties
Suffered by the Regiments d’Infanterie Etrangers during the period 1804-1815:
the Polish Regiments

Burnham, Robert
Polish Infantry and Artillery

Polish Infantry and Artillery Uniforms of the V Corps during
the Invasion of Russia, 1812.

Dawson, Paul
The
Imperial Guard and Polish Nationalism: 1812-1814

A look at the Poles who served in Napoleon’s Imperial Guard.

Napoleon’s
Polish Lancers of the Guard

A brief history of this famous regiment.

Officer’s
Coat, Chevau-Leger-Lanciers Polonaise de la Garde Imperiale c.1812

A heavily illustrated guide to the coat worn by an officer of the
Polish Lancers.

Uniforms of the Polish
Artillery: 1812

What the Polish Artillery wore in 1812.

Martin, Yves
Polish Grenadiers
of the Imperial Guard 1813.

On the 14th September 1813, Napoleon issued an order in the
camp at Dresden organizing the “new” division of the Old Guard…

Martin, Yves
The 8th Polish Corps
in 1813

In early February 1813, Prince Poniatowski began organizing a new
Polish corps (the future 8th corps)…

Muzás, Luis Sorando
The
Standards of the Vístula Lancers

How the Vistula Lancers lost their standards in Spain.

Suhr Brothers
Polish
Cavalry in Hamburg (1806 – 1814): the Uniform Plates of the Suhr
Brothers

Contemporary images of Polish Cavalry

Portugal

Broughton, Tony
Regiments d’Infanterie Etrangers
and the Colonels who led them during the period 1804-1815: The Spanish
and Portuguese Regiments

Officer Casualties
Suffered by the Regiments d’Infanterie Etrangers during the period 1804-1815:
the Spanish and Portuguese Regiments

The Portuguese who served with the French.

Burnham, Robert
Portuguese Line Infantry
Flags of the Napoleonic Wars: 1806-1812

Very few flags of the Portuguese Army survive today. This
paper examines the colors carried by the line regiments during most
of the Peninsula War.

Burnham, Robert
Uniforms of the Portuguese
6th Cacadores in 1811

A look at a little known, but hard fighting unit of the Portuguese
Army.

Centeno, João
General Officers in
the Portuguese Army

A listing of Portuguese generals of the era.

Morning State of
the Portuguese Army: 31 December 1809 to 31 December 1814

The annual strength report of each unit in the Portuguese Army.

Officers
Awarded with the Portuguese “Medalha De
Distinção
De Comando”:
Medal of Distinction (in Command) Known as Commander’s Medal for the Peninsular
War

A listing of who recieved the Portuguese Medal of Distinction

Portuguese
Artillery of the Napoleonic Wars

The /military-info/organization, uniforms, and combats of the Portuguese Artillery.

Portuguese Army Ranks
and Their British Equivalents

Sorando, Luis
Trophies Taken by
the French Forces From the Portuguese during the Spanish Campaign

Flags lost by the Portuguese during the Peninsular War.

Tennant, Richard

The Loyal Lusitanian Legion

A history of one of the most effective Portuguese units during the early days of the Peninsular War.

The Uniforms of the Loyal Lusitanian Legion

Prussia

Prussian
Infantry Uniforms of 1806

Contemporary illustrations showing the uniforms of the Prussian
infantry of 1806.

Dallas, Gavan
Prussian Cavalry Standards
1808 – 1815

A superb piece on Prussian cavalry standards and resolves
many of the conflicts that are found in other sources.

Lewis, Jeff
The
Use of the Third Rank and Brigade Formations According to the Prussian
Regulations of 1812

A look at Prussian tactical formations in accordance with their regulations.

Mantle, Robert
Prussian Reserve Infantry:
1813-15

A re-publication of a classic work originally published by
the Napoleonic Association.

Millar, Stephen

These five papers won the 2005 Napoleon Series Writing Contest for
the Best Military Paper!

Prussian
Infantry Regimental Colonels-in-Chief 1792 – 1806

A listing, by regiment, of the regimental colonels-in-chief.

Prussian
Colonels-in-Chief 1792-1806: Cuirassier Regiments

A listing, by regiment, of the regimental colonels-in-chief.

Prussian
Colonels-in-Chief 1792-1806: Dragoon Regiments

A listing, by regiment, of the regimental colonels-in-chief.

Prussian
Colonels-in-Chief 1792-1806: Hussar Regiments

A listing, by regiment, of the regimental colonels-in-chief.

Neveu, Stephane
Auerstadt 1806

Orders of battle for the Battle of Auerstadt. Article only
available in French.

Schiavonetti
Prussian Uniforms Published
by Schiavonetti in 1806

Six contemporary uniform plates of the Prussian Army.

Schmidt, Oliver
Prussian Swordknots 1802
– 1808

The colors of Prussian Swordknots from 1802 to 1808, according
to Kling in his definitive work on the Prussian infantry: Infanterie.

Russia

Boltishev, Victor
The Artwork of Victor Boltishev

Some original art of the Napoleonic Wars by a Russian artist.

Gingerich, Jonathan
Russian Infantry
Facings – Inspection Era

This article describes the facings of the Russian infantry
during the inspection period from 1802 until the introduction of divisions
at the start of 1808.

Goetz, Robert
The Development of the Russian
Inspectorate, 1762-1806

Between Inspections and
Corps: The Russian Divisional Structure, 1806 – 1810
Note: This paper won the 2002 Napoleon Series Writing Contest “Honorable
Mention, Best Military Paper Award”!

Two major studies of how the Russian Army developed into the
formidable force it was during the Napoleonic Wars.

Mikaberidze, Alexander
Russian Artillery on the Eve
of the Battle of Borodino, 7 September 1812

An exhaustive look at the /military-info/organization of the Russian artillery
at Borodino.

Composition and Strength of
the Russian Armies at the Beginning of 1812

A detailed order-of-battle of the Russian Forces that would
oppose Napoleon.

Officer Ranks under Peter
the Great’s “Table of Ranks” of 1722

A look at the rank system instituted by Peter the Great that survived
for almost 200 years.

Russian Cavalry Maneuvers
in 1812

A series of plates showing how the Russian cavalry was supposed to
maneuver according to the drill regulations.

Podmazo, Alexander
Chefs and Commanders
of the Regular Regiments of the Russian Army: 1796-1815

A massive history of the Russian Regiments and the men who led them.

Sauerweid, Alexander
Russian
Cavalry in 1807: the Sauerweid Illustrations

Smith, Steven H.
Riga Military Command.

The organisation of the Riga Military Command.

Smith, Steven H.
Russo-Swedish War of 1808-09:
A Bibliography.

A Bibliography of the Russo-Swedish War of 1808-09…

Smith, Steven H.
Russo-Turkish War 1806-1812:
A Bibliography

A Bibliography of the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-12…

Suhr Brothers
The
Russian Amry in Hamburg (1814): the Uniform Plates of the Suhr Brothers

Contemporary images of the Russian Army in 1814.

Tselorungo, Dmitry
The Russian Officer Corps
in 1812

Demographic information on the Russian Officer Corps, incuding information
on education, combat experience, social class, etc.

Voltz
The Russian Army in 1805 – 1807: the Uniform Plates of Voltz

Contemporary images of the Russian Army.

Zhmodikov, Alexander
Tactical Doctrine of
Russian Foot Skirmishers

One of the areas of Napoleonic Studies that has not been written
about much in English is the Russian use of skirmishers or ‘strelki’…

Saxon Duchies

Broughton, Antony
The Uniform Plates of Richard Knötel: the Saxon Duchies 1809 – 1813

Three uniform plates by Richard Knötel.

Commandant Sauzey
The Germans under the French Eagles: Volume IV — The Regiment of the Saxon Duchies
Translated by Greg Gorsuch

A translation of the 1908 French Book.

Saxony

The Saxon
Army in 1810

Contemporary uniform plates of the Saxon Army in 1810.

Broughton, Antony
The Uniform Plates of Richard Knötel: the Kingdom of Saxony
1784 – 1813

Fifteen uniform plates by Richard Knötel.

Giles, Howard
The Saxon Army 1810 – 13

A reprint of the classic work published by the Napoleonic Association
in 1979.

Hess, Carl Adolph Heinrich
Uniform Plates of the Saxon
Army: 1805 – 1806

Contemporary uniform plates of the Saxon Army on campaign.

Neumann, Friedrich
Saxony Volunteers and Landwehr of the Wars of Liberation: the Uniform
Plates of Friedrich Neumann

Contemporary uniform images from 1813-1814.

Sauerweid, Alexander
The Uniforms of the Saxon Army in 1811: the Alexander Sauerweid
Plates

Contemporty uniform plates of the Saxon Army in 1811.

Sauzey
The Saxons in Our Ranks
Translated by Greg Gorsuch

A history of the Saxons as an Ally to the French

Saxony-Weimar

Neumann, Friedrich
Saxony-Weimar Volunteers of the Wars of Liberation: the Uniform
Plates of Friedrich Neumann

Contemporary uniform images from 1813-1814.

Spain

Broughton, Tony
Regiments d’Infanterie Etrangers
and the Colonels who led them during the period 1804-1815: The Spanish
and Portuguese Regiments

Officer Casualties
Suffered by the Regiments d’Infanterie Etrangers during the period 1804-1815:
the Spanish and Portuguese Regiments

The Spanish who served with the French.

Burnham, Robert
Spanish Recruits in the British
Army 1812 – 1813

Reclutas Españoles
en el Ejército Británico 1812 – 1813 (In Spanish)

Late in the Peninsular War, the British Army was running out of men.
So they instituted a program to recruit Spanish men into their infantry
regiments.

Cueto, Dionisio Álvarez
The Spanish Army in 1808:
The Artwork of Dionisio Álvarez Cueto

The Spanish Army at Bailen:
The Artwork of Dionisio Álvarez Cueto

Some original art of the Napoleonic Wars by a Spanish artist.

Muzás, Luis Sorando
Flags of the Defenders
of Zaragoza during the 2^nd French Siege (21 December 1808
to 21 February 1809)

Banderas de los Defensores
de Zaragoza en el 2º Sitio (21-Diciembre -1808 al 21-Febrero-1809)
(In Spanish)

Spanish Flags In The
Napoleonic Wars: The Royal Guard (Guardia Real)

Spanish Flags In The
Napoleonic Wars: The Artillery And Engineers (1802 – 1814)

Banderas De La Artilleria
E Ingenieros Españoles (1802 – 1814) In Spanish

A detailed study of the flags of the Spanish Army during the Napoleonic
Wars, by Luis Sorando Muzás who works as the flag expert at the Spanish
Army Museum.

Santos, José Redondo
Translated by Caroline Miley
The Honourable Militia
of Corunna in 1808: Antecedents and Uniform

Spanish militia in the early days of the French invasion and occupation.

Suhr Brothers
The Spanish Romana Division in Hamburg (1807 – 1808): the Uniform
Plates of the Suhr Brothers

Contemporary illustrations of the Spanish Army.

Sweden

Burnham, Robert
Swedish Guard Infantry.

Uniforms of the Swedish Guard Infantry 1813 – 1814.

Edling, Christer
The /military-info/organization of the Swedish
Cavalry: 1773 – 1814.

The /military-info/organization of the Swedish cavalry during the Napoleonic
age according to two sources…

Isnard, Ludovic
Organisation des armées
suédoises: Période 1790-1815

/military-info/organization of the Swedish Army. (In French)

Olofsson, Magnus
The
Swedish Army in the Napoleonic Wars

A comprehensive look at the /military-info/organization of the Swedish Army.

Schiavonetti
Swedish Uniforms, circa
1810

Contemporary plates from the German publisher Schiavonetti

Smith, Steven H.
Russo-Swedish War of 1808-09:
A Bibliography

A Bibliography of the Russo-Swedish War of 1808 – 09.

Switzerland

Brougthon, Tony
Auxiliary Regiments in
the Service of France and the Colonels who led Them during the period
1804 – 1815: Regiments d’Infanterie Suisse

Officer Casualties
suffered by the Auxiliary Regiments in the Service of France 1804-1815:
Regiments d’Infanterie Suisse

The Swiss Regiments employed by France.

Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

Mikaberidze, Alexander
The Georgian Mameluks in
Egypt

A short history of these famous warriors.

Smith, Steven H.
Russo-Turkish War 1806-1812:
A Bibliography

A Bibliography of the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-12.

United States

The Uniform Dress of the Captains
and Certain Other Officers of the Navy of the United States 1802

Uniform regulations of the U.S. Navy.

Westphalia

Pinhas, Salomon
The Pinhas Uniform Plates
of the Westphalian Army: 1811 – 1812

Sauerweid, Alexander
The Westphalian Army
in 1810: the Uniform Plates of Alexander Sauerweid

Suhr Brothers
The Westphalian Army in Hamburg (circa 1809): the Uniform Plates
of the Suhr Brothers

Tennant, Richard
The German and Dutch Troops in Spain Chapter 3 Part II: Troops of Nassau and Westphalia

Westphalia’s contribution to Napoleon’s Invasion of Spain

Wurttemberg

The Ebner Uniform Plates of
the Wurttemberg Army in 1807

Würzburg

Neumann, Friedrich
Würzburg Volunteers of the Wars of Liberation:
the Uniform Plates of Friedrich Neumann

Contemporary images from 1813-1814.

Other

Arnold, James R.
A Reappraisal of Column Versus
Line in the Peninsular War
Note: This paper won the 2004 Napoleon Series Writing Contest “Best
Military Paper Award”!

Was Oman correct in his initial appraisal of column versus line?

Dawson, Paul
Artillery Horses: Harness and Draught of the Napoleonic Era

A look at horses, their harnesses, and their care and feeding.

Holmberg, Tom
Artillery Swings Like a Pendulum…

Examines the method used in the era of the Napoleonic wars
to measure muzzle velocity.

Hoyer, Iohann Frederich
A Contemporary View on the
Use of Horse Artillery: 1798

A Contemporary View on
the Use of Horse Artillery: 1802

Two articles written during the period on the employment of horse
artillery. Translated from the German by Geert van Uythoven.

Koeller, Friedrich
The 1802 Uniform Plates of
Friedrich Ludwig von Koeller

Contemporary uniform plates of many different countries in 1802.

Lewis, Jeff
A Table of Military Ranks by Country

A listing of military ranks and their equivalents in each county.

The Fog of War

How we need to look closely at generally accepted beliefs
about the Napoleonic Era.

Martin, Yves
French Voluntary Foreign
Pioneers

An overview of the Voluntary Foreign Pioneers in the French
Army.

Martinez, José
The Way They Did It:
Manuever Warfare

What is better — a static defense or manuever warfare?

Smith, Steven H.
Standards and Flags of the Napoleonic
Era: A Bibliography

An extensive bibliography of works about flags, including those of:
Austria, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Hessen, Italy, Portugal,
Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Spain, Sweden, Westphalia, Wurtemburg, and
Wurtzburg

Tennant, Richard

Maps and Mapmakers of the Napoleonic Wars

An overview of 18th and 19th Century Cartography

Maps of the Peninsular War

Cartography and cartographers of the Peninsular War

Natural Dyes and Uniforms

A look at the dyes that were used to color the clothe that uniforms were made of.