|
Key to the Biographies
Every personal record is
subdivided into the following items:
1. Full Name
With all changes of status
from birth to death.
2. Personal Information
A. Place of birth
Because German was the
official language of the Austrian army German versions of
place names (if ascertainable) are preferably used except
when names has become part of the common English usage (vernacular
and also today‘s renditions within brackets). For easier
localization the places in Hungary are rendered together
with the Comitat (Hungarian county), except when the name
coincide with the name of the Comitat.
B. Native country
Country names are rendered
according to the exact political situation at the time of
birth.
See also 2/A
C. Date of birth
day.month.year
E. Place of death
See 2/A
F. Country
Country names are rendered
according to the exact political situation at the time of
death.
See also 2/A
G. Date of death
See 2/C
3. Name Variants (omitted
if unascertainable)
List of all different spellings
found in contemporary or modern sources.
4. Family Status (omitted
if unascertainable)
A. Relationship with
another general in this dictionary (i.e. father,
brother, son, grandfather, grandson, nephew, uncle, father-in-law,
brother-in-law, son-in-law (greatuncle and greatnephew
only in exceptional cases); more distant relationships
are not listed.
B. Personal family status (i.e.
single, married, divorced, seperated); indication of wife(s)
with maiden name (eventually also with former family name)
and dates of life (only year of birth and death)
5. Promotions
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A.
Austrian military ranks1
All ranks in German and from field officer level
upwards |
|
Stabsoffiziere |
Field
Officers |
|
Major (old: Obristwachtmeister)2 |
Major |
|
Oberstleutnant |
Lieutenant Colonel |
|
Oberst (old: Obrist) |
Colonel |
|
Generäle |
General
Officers |
|
Generalmajor (old: General-Feldwachtmeister
/ Obrist-Feldwachtmeister)2 |
Major General |
|
Feldmarschalleutnant |
Lieutenant General |
|
Feldzeugmeister3 (coequal
with: General der Kavallerie) |
General of Infantry,
Artillery or Engineers |
|
General der Kavallerie
(coequal with: Feldzeugmeister) |
General of Cavalry |
|
Feldmarschall |
Field Marshal |
1) In
Austria called "Chargen"
2) The
military rank designations of Major and Generalmajor were
officially introduced with the Austrian
"Generals-Reglement" of 1769. Until that time these ranks
were named Obrist-Wachtmeister (for Major) and Obrist-Feldwachtmeister or General-Feldwachtmeister (for
Major General). Within the next half a century both designations
were used simultaneously (e.g. in the very same contemporary
document one can find alternately the old as well as
the new nomination). In the course of time the usage
of Major and Generalmajor became more and
more established and finally (around 1830/40) superseded
completely the old designations.
3) Literally: "Master of Ordnance"
|
B.
General ranks of the Holy Roman Empire
(until 1806) |
|
Reichs-Generalmajor |
Imperial Major General |
|
Reichs-Generalfeldmarschalleutnant |
Imperial Lieutenant
General |
|
Reichs-Generalfeldzeugmeister
(coequal with: Reichs-General der Kavallerie) |
Imperial General of
Infantry |
|
Reichs-General der
Kavallerie (coequal with: Reichs-Generalfeldzeugmeister) |
Imperial General of
Cavalry |
|
Reichs-Generalfeldmarschall |
Imperial Field Marshal |
C. Foreign military ranks
Rank at the time joining
the Austrian Army and all general-ranks obtained within a
foreign army
6. Social Status (nobility) (omitted
if not occured)
List of all titles of nobility
obtained during life (Austrian titles and/or titles of foreign
countries)
The
Nobility within the Holy Roman Empire (Austria,
German Countries)
(roughly scheme of hierarchy) |
Hochadel |
High
Nobility |
Kaiser |
Emperor |
König |
King |
Kurfürst |
Prince-Elector |
Erzherzog |
Archduke |
Großherzog |
Grand
Duke |
Herzog |
Duke |
Fürst |
Prince |
Prinz |
Prince |
Landgraf |
Landgrave |
Markgraf |
Margrave |
Graf |
Count |
titles
of heir apparents: |
Kronprinz |
Crown
Prince |
Erbprinz |
Heredetary
Prince |
Niederer
Adel |
Low
Nobility |
Freiherr |
Baron |
Ritter
/ Chevalier |
Knight |
Edler |
"knightly" nobleman |
von
/ zu |
plain
nobleman |
7. Posts and Offices
(Army, Politics, Court) (omitted if not occured)
|
A.
High offices and positions within the Austrian
military establishment |
|
Minister of War |
Kriegsminister |
|
President of the Aulic
War Council |
Hofkriegsrats-Präsident |
|
Vice-President of
the Aulic War Council (or Court Council of War) |
Hofkriegsrats-Vizepräsident |
|
Chief of the Quartermaster
General Staff (i.e. General Staff) |
Chef des Generalquartiermeisterstabes |
|
Adjutant-General of
the Emperor |
General-Adjutant des
Kaisers |
|
Director-General of
Artillery |
General-Artillerie-Direktor |
|
Vice-Director-General
of Artillery |
General-Artillerie-Vizedirektor |
|
Director-General of
Engineers |
General-Genie-Direktor |
|
Vice-Director-General
of Engineers |
General-Genie-Prodirektor
/ General-Genie-Vizedirektor |
|
Director-General of
Imperial Recruitment |
Direktor der Reichswerbung |
|
President of the Military
Appellate Court |
Präsident des
Militär-Appellations-Gerichtes |
|
Inspector-General
of the Military Border |
General-Grenz-Inspektor |
|
Inspector-General
of Military Provisions |
General-Verpflegs-Inspektor |
|
Vice-Inspector-General
of Military Provisions |
General-Verpflegs-Vizeinspektor |
|
Inspector of the Remount
Branch |
Remontierungs-Inspektor |
|
Inspector of Military
Clothing |
Militär-Monturs-Inspektor |
|
Director-General of
the River-Navigation and Commander of the Oberst-Schiffamt (=
Chief of the Pontooneers) |
General-Direktor des
Flußschiffwesens und Oberst-Schiffamts-Kommandant
(= Chef des Pontonierwesens) |
|
Commander of the Military
Transport Corps |
Kommandant des Militär-Fuhrwesen-Korps |
|
Director of the Office
of Invalids |
Direktor des Invalidenamtes |
|
Commander of the Austrian
Navy |
Kommandant der Kriegsmarine |
|
Commanding General |
Kommandierender General |
|
Adlatus of the Commanding
General |
Adlatus des kommandierenden
Generals |
|
Military Commander |
Militär-Kommandant |
|
Fortress Commander |
Festungs-Kommandant |
|
Supreme Director of
the Wiener Neustadt Military Academy |
Oberdirektor der Maria
Theresianischen Militär-Akademie |
|
Local Director of
the Wiener Neustadt Military Academy |
Lokaldirektor der
Maria Theresianischen Militär-Akademie |
|
Director of the Academy
of Engineers |
Oberdirektor der Ingenieur-Akademie |
|
Local Director of
the Academy of Engineers |
Lokaldirektor der
Ingenieur-Akademie |
|
B.
High offices within the Austrian government or
diplomatic corps |
|
Governor-General |
General-Gouverneur |
|
Governor |
Gouverneur |
|
Vice-Governor |
Vizegouverneur |
|
State and Conference
Minister |
Staats- und Konferenz-Minister |
|
Austrian Plenipotentiary
with the Military Central Commission at the German
Diet in Frankfurt |
Österr. Bevollmächtigter
bei der Militär-Zentralkommission am Bundestag
in Frankfurt |
|
Envoy extraordinary
and Minister plenipotentiary |
Außerordentlicher
Gesandter und bevollmächtigter Minister |
|
C.
High offices within the Imperial or within an archducal
houshold |
|
Grand Master of the
Household |
Obersthofmeister |
|
Grand Chamberlain |
Oberstkämmerer |
|
Grand Marshal |
Obersthofmarschall |
|
Grand Equerry |
Oberststallmeister |
|
Captain of the First
Arcièren Life Guard |
Kapitän der Ersten
Arcieren-Leibgarde |
|
Lieutenant Captain
of the First Arcièren Life Guard |
Kapitänleutnant
der Ersten Arcieren-Leibgarde |
|
Captain of the Hungarian
Noble Life Guard |
Kapitän der Ungarischen
Leibgarde |
|
Lieutenant Captain
of the Hungarian Noble Life Guard |
Kapitänleutnant
der Ungarischen Leibgarde |
|
Captain of the Trabanten Life
Guard and the Hofburgwache |
Kapitän der Trabantenleibgarde
und Hofburgwache |
|
Captain of the Bohemian
Noble Life Guard |
Kapitän der Böhmischen
Leibgarde |
8. Field Service (1792-1815) (omitted
if not occured)
A.
Posts as army or corps commander during war time
B.
Posts as chief of staff of an army
C.
Posts as adjutant-general of an army
D.
Posts as supreme commander in a battle or combat, or during
a siege
9. Chivalric Orders (omitted
if not occured)
Membership within a sovereign chivalric
order (i.e. Order of Malta, Order of St. John, Teutonic Order)
10. Orders, Decorations, Honorary Appointments
(Austria)
List of all orders, decorations,
medals and honorary appointments in Austria
CC = Commander's Cross
GC = Grand Cross
KC = Knight's Cross
|
Type |
Title |
Classes |
|
House
Order |
Order of the Golden Fleece |
– |
|
Orders
of Merit |
Military Maria Theresian Order |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Order of St. Stephen |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Order of Leopold |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Order of the Iron Crown |
1st / 2nd / 3rd Class |
|
Decorations
of Honor |
Decoration of the Elisabeth
Theresian Military Foundation |
– |
|
Military Honor Cross 1813/14
("Canon Cross") |
– |
|
Civil Honor Cross 1813/14 |
gold / silver |
|
Bohemian Noble Cross |
|
|
Military
Distinctions of Honor |
Colonel Proprietorship of a
Regiment |
– |
|
Court
Titles of Honor |
I.R. Privy Councillor |
– |
|
I.R. Chamberlain |
– |
11. Orders, Decorations, Military
Honorary Appointments (Foreign Countries)
List of all orders, decorations, and foreign
titles
CC = Commander's Cross
GC = Grand Cross
GCC = Grand Commander's Cross
GOC = Grand Officer's Cross
KC = Knight's Cross
OC = Officer's Cross
|
Country |
Title |
Classes |
|
Anhalt-Köthen |
Order of Albert the Bear |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Baden |
Order of Fidelity |
GC / (CC) |
|
Order of Military Merit of
Charles Frederick |
CC / CC / KC |
|
Order of the Lion of Zähringen |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Bavaria |
Order of St. Hubert |
– |
|
Order of St. Michael |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Military Order of Maximilian
Joseph |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Civil Order of Merit of the
Bavarian Crown |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Belgium |
Order of Leopold |
GC / (GOC) / CC / OC / KC |
|
Brasilia |
Order of the Southern Cross |
GC / OC / KC |
|
Order of Dom Pedro I. |
– |
|
Denmark |
Order of the Elephant |
– |
|
Order of the Dannebrog |
GCC / GC / CC / KC |
|
France |
Order of the Holy Spirit |
– |
|
Order of St. Michael |
– |
|
Order of St. Lazarus and Our
Lady of Mount Carmel |
CC / KC |
|
Military Order of St. Louis
(for catholics) |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Order of Military Merit (for
non-catholics) |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Order of the Légion
d'Honneur |
GC / GOC / CC / OC / KC |
|
Great
Britain |
Order of the Garter |
– |
|
Order of the Thistle (or St.
Andrew) |
– |
|
Order of St. Patrick |
– |
|
Order of St. Michael and St.
George |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Order of the Bath |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Greece |
Order of the Redeemer |
GC / GCC / CC / Golden KC /
Silver KC |
|
Hannover |
Order of St. George |
– |
|
Guelphic Order |
GC / CC 1st cl. / CC 2nd cl.
/ KC |
|
Hessen-Darmstadt |
Order of the Golden Lion |
GC / CC 1st cl. / CC 2nd cl.
/ KC |
|
Order of Ludwig |
GC / CC 1st cl. / CC 2nd cl.
/ KC 1st cl. / KC 2nd cl. |
|
Hessen-Kassel |
Order of the Golden Lion |
GC / CC 1st cl. / CC 2nd cl.
/ KC |
|
Order of William |
GC / CC 1st cl. / CC 2nd cl.
/ KC |
|
Order of Military Merit |
– |
|
Order of the Iron Helmet |
GC
/ KC 1st cl. / KC 2nd cl. |
|
Hohenlohe |
Order of the Phoenix |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Hohenzollern |
Princely House Order of Hohenzollern |
1st cl. / 2nd cl. |
|
Holland |
Order of the Reunion |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Italy
(France) |
Order of the Iron Crown |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Lucca |
see: Parma |
|
Modena |
Order of the Eagle of Este |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Naples-Sicily |
Order of St. Januarius |
– |
|
Order of St. Ferdinand and
of Merit |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Constantinian Order of St.
George |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Military Order of St. George
and of the Reunion |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Order of Francis I. |
GC / CC 1st cl. / CC 2nd cl.
/ KC 1st cl. / KC 2nd cl. |
|
Netherlands |
Military Order of William |
GC / CC / KC 3rd cl. / KC 4th
cl. |
|
Civil Merit Order of the Netherland
Lion |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Ottoman
Empire |
Order of Glory (Nichan-Iftikhar) |
1st cl. / 2nd cl. / 3rd cl.
/ 4th cl. / 5th cl. |
|
Oldenburg |
House Order of Merit of Duke
Peter Frederick Ludwig |
GC / GCC / CC / KC |
|
Papal
State |
Order of Christ |
– |
|
Order of St. Pius |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Order of St. Gregory |
GC 1st cl. / GC 2nd cl. / CC
/ KC |
|
Parma
(Lucca) |
Military Order of St. Louis |
1st cl. / 2nd cl. / 3rd cl. |
|
Constantinian Order of St.
George |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Persia |
Order of the Sun and the Lion |
1st cl. / 2nd cl. / 3rd cl.
/ 4th cl. / 5th cl. |
|
Poland
(Russia) |
Order of the White Eagle |
– |
|
Order of St. Stanislas |
1st cl. / 2nd cl. / 3rd cl. |
|
Portugal |
Order of Christ |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Order of St. Benedict of Aviz |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Order of the Tower and the
Sword |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Prussia |
Order of the Black Eagle |
– |
|
Order of the Red Eagle |
1st cl. / 2nd cl. / 3rd cl.
/ 4th cl. |
|
Order Pour-le-Mérite |
– (w. or w/o oakleafs) |
|
Order of the Iron Cross |
KC 1st cl. / 2nd cl. |
|
Russia |
Order of St. Andrew |
– |
|
Order of St. Alexander Nevskij |
– |
|
Order of St. George |
1st cl. / 2nd cl. / 3rd cl.
/ 4th cl. |
|
Order of St. Vladimir |
1st cl. / 2nd cl. / 3rd cl.
/ 4th cl. |
|
Order of St. Anne |
1st cl. / 2nd cl. / 3rd cl.
/ 4th cl. |
|
Salzburg |
Military Order of St. Ruppert |
|
|
Saxony |
Order of the Rue Crown |
– |
|
Military Order of St. Henry |
GC / CC 1st cl. / CC 2nd cl.
/ KC |
|
Order of Civil Merit |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Saxony-Weimar |
Order of the White Falcon |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Combined
Saxonian Duchies |
Ernestine House Order |
GC / CC 1st cl. / CC 2nd cl.
/ KC |
|
Sardinia-Piedmont |
Order of the Annunziata |
– |
|
Order of St. Maurice and St.
Lazarus |
GC / KC |
|
Spain |
Order of the Golden Fleece |
– |
|
Order of Charles III. |
GC 1st cl. / GC / CC 1st cl
/ CC / KC |
|
Military Order of St. Ferdinand |
GC / CC / KC 1st cl. / KC 2nd
cl. / KC 3rd cl. |
|
Sweden |
Order of the Seraphim |
– |
|
Military Order of the Sword |
GC / CC / KC 1st cl. / KC 2nd
cl. / KC 3rd cl. |
|
Tuscany |
Order of St. Stephen |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Order of St. Joseph |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Order of Military Merit |
1st cl. / 2nd cl. / 3rd cl. |
|
USA |
Order of the Cincinnati |
– |
|
Württemberg |
Order of the Golden Eagle |
– |
|
Order of the Crown of Württemberg |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Order of Military Merit |
GC / CC / KC |
|
Order of Frederick |
– |
13. Biographical Essays
14. Printed Sources
15. Internet Sources
16. Notes
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