|
By Leopold
Kudrna, with Biographical Essays by Digby Smith.
Austrian
Generals
1792-1815
W
| W1 |
Wachter
von Wachtenburg, Joseph |
Personal Information
Born: 17??
Died: Prague (Praha) / Bohemia,
11.07.1821
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 25.02.1809
Feldmarschalleutnant: 05.01.1820
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments
(Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments
(Foreign Countries)
–
Printed Sources
MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W2 |
Wacquant-Geozelles,
(Johann Peter) Theodor von
Wacquant-Geozelles,
(Johann Peter) Theodor Freiherr von |
Personal
Information
Born:
Briey / Lorraine / France, 17.05.17541
Died:
Vienna, 18.03.1844
Name Variants
(French)
Jean-Pierre-Théodore Baron de Wacquant-Geozelles
Family Status
Married
(1): 1794 Marie-Christine-Françoise de Wolff (? – before
1825), aunt of N°2
Married
(2): 1825 Marie-Anne-Josèphine
de Wolff (? – before 1844), niece of N°1
Promotions
Major: 10.05.1793
Oberstleutnant: 06.08.1795
Oberst: 11.10.1800
Generalmajor: 02.04.1807
(w.r.f. 10.06.1805)
Feldmarschalleutnant:
25.08.1809
Feldzeugmeister: 08.03.18352
Retired: 11.03.1839
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Special envoy in Stuttgart
(Württemberg): 24.12.1813 – 19.02.1814
Fortress Governor (Vice
Governor ?) of Mainz: 03.-04.1815
Envoy in Kassel (Hessen):
09.1816 – 1821
Military Commander in
Silesia (Troppau): 02.-12.1821
President of the Military
Appellate Court: 02.07.1833 – 11.03.1839
Elevation of Social Status
Freiherr: 15.03.1810
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian
Order – KC: 24.05.1809
Order of St. Stephen – KC:
1815
Order of Leopold – GC:
1839
Order of the Iron Crown
1st cl.: ~1816
Colonel-Proprietor
of the Infantry Regiment N°62: 03.1810 – 18.03.1844
I.R. Privy Councillor:
09.1815
I.R. Chamberlain: 11.1812
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Baden:
Order of the Lion of
Zähringen – GC
Bavaria:
Military Order of Maximilian
Joseph – CC
Civil Order of Merit
of the Bavarian Crown – GC: 1815
R.B. Chamberlain
Hannover:
Guelphic Order – GC:
1820
Hessen-Kassel:
Order of Military Merit
Order of the Golden
Lion – GC
(w.d.)
Order of the Iron Helmet
Hessen-Darmstadt:
Order of Ludwig – GC
Prussia:
Order of the Red Eagle
2nd cl.
Russia:
Order of St. Vladmir
2nd cl.
Order of St. Anne 1st
cl.: 1813
Württemberg:
Order of Military Merit
(Military Order of Charles) – CC: ~1795
Printed Sources
Frank 5, p.173 | Frank-Döfering,
4591 | Doerr, p.280 | Hirtenfeld 2, p.978ff. | MD 5, p.165
(w/o date of birth) | MilSchem | Petiot, p.512f. | Repertorium
3, p.283 | Wrede 1, p.549 | Wurzbach 52, p.50ff. | WZ, 25.11.1809,
17.03.1810, 20.02.1814, 13.05.1815, 13.08.1815 | Zivkovic, Generalität,
p.41 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.34, 71, 74
Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Petiot: 07.05.1754 (?)
2)
Petiot / Zivkovic, Generalität: 08.04.1835 (?)
| W3 |
Waldeck
und Pyrmont, Christian August Prinz
zu |
Personal
Information
Born: Arolsen / Waldeck,
06.12.1744
Died: Cintra near Lisbon
/ Portugal, 24.09.1798
Family
Status
Brother of W4
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 10.04.1783
(w.r.f. 12.03.1783)
Feldmarschalleutnant:
27.05.1789 (w.r.f. 10.06.1789)
General der Kavallerie:
21.05.1794 (w.r.f. 30.10.1794)
Portugal:
Field Marshal: 18.05.1797
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Chief of the Quartermaster
General Staff: 05.1794 – 08.1794
Field Service (1792-1815)
Chief of the Quartermaster
General Staff of the Army of the Netherlands: 05.-08.1794
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian
Order – CC: 25.10.1793
Colonel-Proprietor
of the Infantry Regiment N°?: before 1781
Colonel-Proprietor
of the Dragoon Regiment N°39 / (since 1798:) N°7: 1781 –
25.09.1798
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
(Palatinate-)Bavaria:
Order of St. Hubert:
before 1796
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Born on 6 December 1744
Christian August Prinz zu Waldeck und Pyrmont was an Oberstleutnant in
Dragoon Regiment N°39 "Pfalz-Zweibrücken" in 1770; from 1771, he
commanded this regiment. He served as a volunteer in the Russian army in
the war with Turkey and returned to his regiment as Oberst in 1773. In 1781 he was appointed
Colonel-Proprietor of that regiment, which was re-numbered 7 in 1798 and again
to 2 in 1802. On 10 April 1783, he was promoted to Generalmajor. In the
wars against the Turks, Waldeck commanded a brigade under FM Baron Loudon. He
was distinguished in several clashes on the Bezanji dam and around Semlin. On
27 May 1789, he was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant.
In the 1792 campaign,
he commanded a mixed division in Hohenlohe-Kirchberg's Austrian force on
the upper Rhine and was distinguished in action at Thionville on 6 September
of that year, in which he lost his left arm. He was then called to Vienna,
to help plan the next campaign for the allied Austro-Prussian army. As joint
operations had – to
date – been badly coordinated, Waldeck proposed that, as soon as the
city of Mainz had fallen, each army should advance and operate independently.
The Prussians would hear nothing of it. Finally, all agreed to invade Alsace,
which was Graf Wurmser's pet project. Waldeck served under Wurmser and commanded
the 1st Column in the assault on the Weissenburg lines on 13 October. He
raided the French camp at Wantzenau on 26 October, killed and wounded about
1,000 of the enemy and took 160 prisoners, 14 guns and 2 howitzers.
On 21 May 1794, he was
promoted to General der Kavallerie and assumed command of the army after
Wurmser left, until FZM von Brown arrived. On 25 October 1793, he was awarded
the Commander's Cross of the Military Maria Theresian Order. His next task was
as Chief of Staff in the Netherlands, but he was soon called to Vienna to join
the Aulic War Council. On 18 May 1797, he transferred into Portuguese service
as a field marshal, with the aim of reorganizing the army; jealousy of many Portuguese
officer thwarted this. He died on 24 September 1798, in Cintra, near Lisbon.
Printed Sources
Hirtenfeld 1, p.395f.
(wrong: d. 25.08.1798) | MilSchem | Wrede 3, p.305 | Wrede
(6), p.41 | Wurzbach 52, p.169ff. (wrong: d. 25.08.1798) | MD 1,
p.176 | Regele, p.28 (Commanding General in Bohemia ?) | Zivkovic,
Generalität, p.36 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, p.108
Internet Sources
Ebert [http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/waldeck.html]
(wrong: d. 25.08.1798)
Jewison/Steiner
Marek [http://genealogy.euweb.cz/waldeck/waldeck4.html]
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W4 |
Waldeck
und Pyrmont, Georg Prinz zu
Waldeck und
Pyrmont, Georg Fürst zu |
Personal
Information
Born: Arolsen / Waldeck,
06.05.1747
Died: Pyrmont / Pyrmont
(Waldeck), 09.09.1813
Family Status
Brother of W5
Married: 1784 Albertine
Charlotte Prinzessin von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1768-1849)
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant: 1769
Oberst: 1774
Generalmajor: 10.04.1783
(w.r.f. 05.05.1783)
Change of Social Status
Regierender Fürst
(sovereign prince) von Waldeck: 24.09.1812
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
(Palatinate-)Bavaria:
Order of St. Hubert:
before 1796
Printed Sources
MD 2, p.116 | MilSchem | Schmedes,
IR28, p.300
Internet Sources
Marek [http://genealogy.euweb.cz/waldeck/waldeck4.html]
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Theroff [http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/waldeck.html]
| W5 |
Waldstein
von Wartenberg-Dux, Georg Joseph
Johann Nepomuk Graf |
Personal Information
Born: 11.04.1768
Died: Leitomischl (Litomyšl) / Bohemia,
26.04.1825
Family Status
Cousin of W6
Married: Maria Franziska Gräfin von
Hohenfeld
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 06.05.1814
Order of Chivalry
Knight of the Order of Malta
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
I.R. Chamberlain
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
MilSchem | WZ,
25.07.1814
Internet Sources
Marek [http://genealogy.euweb.cz/waldstein/waldstein7.html]
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W6 |
Waldstein
von Wartenberg-Dux, Joseph Karl Emanuel
Graf |
Personal Information
Born: 16.02.1755
Died: Großgall (n.l.) / Bohemia, 17.03.1814
Family Status
Cousin of W5
Unmarried (?)
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor (title a.h.): 08.03.1810
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MD 5, p.170 | MilSchem | (Wurzbach
52, p.226) | WZ, 17.03.1810
Internet Sources
Marek [http://genealogy.euweb.cz/waldstein/waldstein7.html]
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W7 |
Wallis
auf Carrighmain, Michael Johann Ignaz
Graf von |
Personal
Information
Born: Naples (Napoli),
04.01.1732
Died: Vienna, 18.12.1798
Family Status
Brother of W8
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant: ~ 1752
Oberst: 1758
Generalmajor: 19.04.1764
(w.r.f. 01.05.1759)
Feldmarschalleutnant:
01.05.1773 (w.r.f. 06.05.1767)
Feldzeugmeister: 08.04.1784
(w.r.f. 01.04.1784)1
Feldmarschall: 12.10.1789
(w.r.f. 09.10.1789)
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Commanding General
in Moravia and Silesia: 06.1779 – 01.1784
Commanding General
in Bohemia: 01.1784 – 02.1789
President of the Aulic
War Council: (08.1790)10.12.1791 – 05.1796
Field Service (1790-1815)
Commander of the main
army: 11.1789 – 10.1791
Order of Chivalry
Knight of the Order of
Malta
Commander
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Colonel-Proprietor
of the Infantry Regiment N°11: 1774 – 18.12.1798
I.R. Privy Councillor
(?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
Duffy, p.394 (wrong:
b. Vienna / d. 18.10.1798) | Ebert, p.(148) | HKR-Präs, N°21
(p.35) | MD 5, p.171 | Megerle, p.322f. | MilSchem | Schmidhofer,
p.206f. | Wrede 1, p.189 | Wrede (6), pp.20, 29 | Wurzbach
52, p.267f. (wrong: appointed Cmdg Gen in Bohemia in 1787) | Zivkovic,
Generalität, pp.13, 35 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.3, 51,
53
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Zivkovic, Generalität, p.35: 08.04.1835 (?)
| W8 |
Wallis
auf Carrighmain, Olivier Remigius
Graf von |
Personal
Information
Born: Vienna, 01.10.17421
Died: WIA Zürich
/ Switzerland, 04.06.1799 à Kloten
/ Switzerland, 19.07.1799
Family Status
Brother of W7
Married: Walpurga Freiin
von Hennent
Promotions
Major: 1767
Oberstleutnant: 1768
Oberst: 1769
Generalmajor: 26.11.1777
(w.r.f. 29.04.1777)
Feldmarschalleutnant:
09.10.1787 (w.r.f. 04.10.1787)
Feldzeugmeister: 21.05.1794
(w.r.f. 12.07.1794)
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Vice Director General
of Artillery: 02.1792 – 06.1799
Commanding General in
Venetia: 01.-11.1798
Field Service (1792-1815)
Commander of the (autonomous)
Corps at the Upper Rhine: 05.-07.1792 / 10.1792
– 02.1793
Commander of the Army
of Italy: 08.1794 – 03.1795
Commander of the allied
forces at the battle of Dego: 21.09.1794 (–)
Commander of the Army
of Italy: 11.1795 – 03.1796
Commander of the Army
of Italy: 01.1798 – 11.1798
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Colonel-Proprietor
of the Infantry Regiment N°29: 19.02.1791 – 19.07.1799
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Oliver Remigius Graf
von Wallis, Freiherr von Carrighmain was born on 1 October 1742 into an Irish
emigrant family, long in Austrian service. As a youth, he entered his father's
regiment; he became an Oberst quickly and from 1769-1777, he commanded
it. On 26 November 1777, he was promoted to Generalmajor. In the wars
against the Turks (1787-92) he served under FM Graf von Loudon and later FZM
Graf von Clerfayt and was distinguished on several occasions.
In 1791 – in
the meantime he had been promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant – Graf Wallis
was appointed Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°29. In the
1792 campaign, he commanded a mixed division in Hohenlohe-Kirchberg's Austrian
force on the upper Rhine and the Moselle. At the end of this year, his force
was along the Rhine, from Basle to Strassburg. On 21 May 1794, Wallis received
his promotion to Feldzeugmeister. In late 1795, he was transferred
to northern Italy, where, on 22 November, he assumed command of the Army
of Lombardy from FZM Graf de Vins. Next day, with 18,000 men, he was heavily
defeated at the battle of Loano by GdD Schérer with his 25,000 men.
On 24 November, he lost all his artillery and train in the clash of San Giacomo.
Snowfall brought hostilities to an end. In April 1796, Wallis was relieved
of his command by FZM Graf Beaulieu.
In 1799, he commanded
part of the army in Swabia under Erzherzog Carl. In the Austrian victory
over GdD Jordan's Armée du Rhin in the battle of Ostrach (21 March),
he commanded the 3rd Assault
Column and in their defeat at Stockach (25 March), he commanded the right
wing. From 14-25 April, Erzherzog Carl was sick and Wallis assumed command.
Wallis commanded Erzherzog Carl's reserve in the 1st battle of Zürich on 4 June,
where GdD Massena's Armée du Danube was defeated. In that battle Wallis
was mortally wounded, leading 5 battalions of grenadiers to storm the French
redoubts on Mount Zürich. He died on 9 July 1799.
Printed Sources
Allmayer-Beck, p.75 | Bodart,
p.298 | Duffy, p.394 | Hödl, IR29, pp.174, 217, 560 | MD
5, p.171f. | MilSchem | Wurzbach 52, p.261 | Wrede 1, p.324 | Wrede
(6), pp.30, 31 | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.36 | Zivkovic,
Heerführer,
pp.12, 128
Internet Sources
Ebert [http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/wallis.html]
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Hödl, IR29: 16.10.1742 (?)
| W9 |
Wallisch,
Christoph Andreas von
Wallisch von
Strehlenberg und Langenthall, Christoph Andreas Freiherr |
Personal Information
Born: Milan (Milano) / Lombardy, 1732
Died: Vienna, 02.01.1793
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 30.01.1779 (w.r.f. 20.01.1779)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 27.05.1789 (w.r.f. 29.04.1789)
Field Service (1790-1815)
Commander of the (autonomous) Corps in Croatia:
08.1789 – 04.1790
Elevation of Social Status
Freiherr: 06.07.1771 (with predicate: "von
Strehlenberg und Langenthall")
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC:
11.11.1763
Colonel-Proprietor of the Cuirassier Regiment
N°21: 10.02.1790 –
02.01.1793
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
Frank 5, p.182 | Hirtenfeld
1, p.196ff. | MilSchem | Wrede
3, p.165 | Victorin, DR7, p.208f., 401 | Wurzbach
52, p.271ff. | Zivkovic, Heerführer,
p.126
Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W10 |
Wallmoden-Gimborn,
Ludwig Georg Thedel Freiherr von
Wallmoden-Gimborn,
Ludwig Georg Thedel Graf von |
Personal
Information
Born: Hannover, 06.02.1769
Died: Vienna, 20.03.1862
Promotions
Prussia:
[rank ?]
Into
Austrian service: 1795
Major: 16.04.1797
Oberstleutnant: 03.08.1798
Oberst: (16.?)08.1801
Generalmajor: 02.04.1807
(w.r.f. 30.05.1805)
Feldmarschalleutnant:
25.08.1809
Great
Britain:
Lieutenant General: 21.01.1812
Quit Austrian service:
03.1813
Into
Russian service: 03.1813
Lieutenant General: 30.[18.]03.1813
Into
Austrian service: 24.05.1815
General der Kavallerie:
18.09.1838
Retired: 19.10.1848
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Special envoy in London
(Great Britain): 01.1809 – 24.04.1809
Military Commander
in Lombardy (Milan): 03.1827 – 03.1848
Elevation of Social Status
Graf (by elevation of
his father): 27.04.1781
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian
Order – KC: 13.07.1809
Order of Leopold – GC:
1848
Officers Military Service
Cross 2nd cl.: 1849
Colonel-Proprietor
of the Cuirassier Regiment N°6: 1819 – 20.03.1862
I.R. Privy Councillor:
1831
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Great
Britain:
Order of the Bath – CC:
1815 (?) / GC: 1835
Hannover:
Guelphic Order – GC:
Naples-Sicily:
Order of St. Ferdinand
and of Merit – GC: 1817
Military Order of St.
George and of the Reunion – GC: 1821
Prussia:
Order of the Red Eagle
1st cl.: ~ 1814
Order Pour-le-Mérite:
11.09.1794 / w. the crown: 18.07.1844
Russia:
Order of St. Alexander
Nevskij: 1846
Order of St. George 3rd
cl.: 03.10.[21.09.]1813
Order of St. Vladimir
2nd cl.
Order of St. Anne 1st
cl.: / w.d.: 1821 / w. swords
War Medal 1812 (for military)
War Medal 1812 (for nobles)
Sweden:
Military Order of the
Sword – GC: ~ 1814
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Ludwig Georg Thedel Freiherr
(later Graf) von Wallmoden-Gimborn was born on 6 February 1769 in Hanover. He
first entered Hanoverian service, in 1790, as a Leutnant in the Leibgarde
Regiment. He then transferred to the Prussian army that same year, serving
in the 6th Hussar Regiment "Wolfradt". In 1794 he won the Pour le Merite
for his conduct at Kaiserslautern, 17-20 September. In October 1795 he entered
Austrian service, as a Rittmeister in Hussar Regiment "Vecsey" N°34. He won
his spurs in the campaigns of 1796-1800. In 1797, Wallmoden transferred to Chevauleger
Regiment "Karaczay" N°18. He became a Major on the general staff
on 16 April 1797. On 7 June 1798, he transferred to Dragoon Regiment "Toskana" N°2,
which was disbanded in 1802. On 3 August 1798, Graf Wallmoden was promoted
to Oberstleutnant in
the Uhlan Regiment N°1 and became Oberst and commander of the regiment
on 16 August 1801.
On 2 April 1807, he was
promoted to Generalmajor. Two years later, he went to London and concluded
a treaty of subsidies between the two states. In the campaign of this year, he
commanded a light cavalry brigade in FML Vincent's division of FML Graf von Klenau's
VI Corps. He was distinguished at Wagram, for which he was awarded the Knight's
Cross of the Military Maria Theresian Order. On 25 August 1809, he was promoted
to Feldmarschalleutnant. In 1812, FML Wallmoden transferred to British
and then to Russian service; at the end of that campaign, he was appointed
commander of the Russo-German Legion, which fought well in the Wars of Liberation
from 1813-1815. Wallmoden fought at Dennewitz on 6 September, where he won
the Russian Order of St. George 3rd class. He led them to the victory of
the Göhrde
on 16 September 1813 against GdD Pecheux's division. He returned to Austrian
service after the Peace of Paris in 1815 and in 1817 was appointed to command
those Austrian troops in Naples. In 1819 the emperor appointed him Colonel-Proprietor
of the Cuirassier Regiment N°6. In June 1821 he occupied Sicily, where
he stayed until 1823.
On 18 September 1838,
he was promoted to General der Kavallerie. He died on 26 March 1862 in
Vienna. Whilst in Austrian service, he had done much work to improve the training
of light infantry in skirmishing.
Printed Sources
ADB 40, p.761f. | Frank
5, p.182 | Hildebrand/Zweng, N°1762 and K 37 | Hirtenfeld 2,
p.1027ff. | MD 5, p.172 (w/o date of death) | Mikaberidze, p.443 | MilSchem | MZ,
year 1862, N°27 (from 02.04.1862), p.209f. (wrong: Col-Proprietor of
6th CuirReg in 1816) | Repertorium 3, p.276 | Townsend, p.195 | Wrede,
DR6, p.927 | Wrede 3, p.159 | Wurzbach 52, p.275ff. | WZ,
25.11.1809, 30.01.1815 | Zivkovic, Generalität, p.42 | Zivkovic,
Heerführer, pp.78, 134
Internet Sources
Ebert [http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/wallmoden.html]
Jewison/Steiner
Malyškin, C.A. – Podmazo,
Aleksandr: Val’moden-Gimborn Ljudvig Georg Teodor [http://www.museum.ru/museum/1812/Persons/slovar/sl_v29.html].-
Download: 28.06.2004
Memoirs of General Mikhail
Vorontsov: 1812-1813 Campaigns. Translated by Alexander Mikaberidze [http://amik78.tripod.com/vorontsov.htm].-
Download: 31.11.2005
Podmazo, Aleksandr:
Val’moden-Gimborn
Ljudvig Georg Teodor [http://www.museum.ru/museum/1812/Persons/russ/ra_v29.html].-
Download: 28.06.2004
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Steiner, Jörg
C.: Ludwig Graf von Wallmoden-Gimborn [http://www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/biog/wallmoden.html].-
Download: 07.06.2004
Vederman
| W11 |
Walther von
Waldenau, Joseph |
Personal Information
Born: Passau / Passau (prince-bishopric), 1749
Died: Vienna, 28.05.1834
Name Variants
also: Walthör, Wallthör
Promotions
Major: 1789
Oberstleutnant: 1794
Oberst: 1796
Generalmajor: 06.03.1800 (w.r.f. 21.03.1800)
Feldmarschalleutnant (title): 22.01.1808
Retired: 22.01.1808
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
Gatti, IngAk, p.222 | MilSchem | Wurzbach
53, p.18 | WZ, 20.02.1808 | Wrede,
DR6, pp.674, 928f.
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W12 |
Warnsdorf,
Gottfried Christian Hugo Freiherr von |
Personal Information
Born: Würzburg / Würzburg (prince-bishopric),
27.09.1743
Died: Vienna, 09.03.1831
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 08.02.1795 (w.r.f. 01.07.1795)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 05.03.1806 (w.r.f. 20.02.1806)
Feldzeugmeister (title): 10.01.1828
Retired: 10.01.1828
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC:
07.07.1794
I.R. Privy Councillor
I.R. Chamberlain
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
Hirtenfeld 1, p.427f. (wrong: d. 1739) | MilSchem | Wurzbach
53, p.90f. | Zivkovic, Generalität,
p.40
Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W13 |
Wartensleben,
Ferdinand Graf von |
Personal Information
Born: Gyömrö / Com. Pest / Hungary,
18.01.1778
Died: Rozdall (Rozdoł) / Galicia, 07.03.1821
Family Status
Son of W14
Promotions
Major: 29.05.1800
Oberstleutnant: 21.11.1804
Oberst: 31.03.1805
Generalmajor: 03.05.1809
Quit: 1810
Into active service again: 1813
Feldmarschalleutnant: 30.04.1815
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC:
18.08.1801
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Prussia:
Order Pour-le-Mérite: 13.03.1794
Printed Sources
Amon, HR10, p.206f. (wrong: b. 1777) | Hildebrand/Zweng,
N°1546 | Hirtenfeld 1, p.679ff. (wrong:
b. 1777) | MilSchem | Wurzbach
53, p.106ff. | WZ, 25.11.1809, 08.05.1815
Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W14 |
Wartensleben,
Wilhelm Ludwig Gustav Graf von |
Personal
Information
Born: Exten / Hessen-Kassel,
11.10.1734
Died: Vienna, 21.04.1798
Family Status
Father of W13
Married: 1773 Clara
Gräfin
Teleki de Szék (1730-1798)
Promotions
Netherlands:
[rank]:
Into
Austrian service: 1758
Major: 1758
Oberstleutnant: 1762
Oberst: 1773
Generalmajor: 29.01.1777
Feldmarschalleutnant:
15.09.1787 (w.r.f. 12.09.1787)
Feldzeugmeister: (11.10.?)1794
(w.r.f. 04.06.1794)
Field Service (1792-1815)
Commander of the (autonomous)
Corps at the Lower Rhine: 06.-08.1796
Commander of the Austrian
forces at the battle of Friedberg: 10.07.1796 (–)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian
Order – CC: 22.04.1790
Colonel-Proprietor
of the Infantry Regiment N°28: 1779 – 21.04.1798
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Born on 11 October 1734
in Erten, in the state of Hessen-Kassel, Wilhelm Ludwig Gustav Graf von Wartensleben
transferred from Dutch to Austrian service in 1758, as a Major in the
Szluiner Grenz Infantry Regiment. He fought in the Seven Years War and was present
(and mentioned in despatches) in the clash at Meissen on 4 December 1759, where
the Austrians scattered the Prussians under General von Diericke. On 20 August
1760, he was again distinguished in the clash at Strehla and in 1762 was promoted
to Oberstleutnant, having again been distinguished in the clash at Chemnitz,
where he scattered the Prussian relief column. A few days later, he was badly
wounded in the clash at Gepulzig. In 1773 he was promoted to Oberst and
given command of the Ottocaner Grenz Infantry Regiment. On 29 January 1777, he
was promoted to Generalmajor.
In view of his deeds
in the War of the Bavarian Succession, Wartensleben was appointed Colonel
Proprietor N°28. On 15 September 1787, he was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant.
In the wars against the Turks (1787-92), he was again frequently mentioned in
despatches, for example, in the clash at Mount Lassmare, in the Czerna valley
on 17 August 1788, where he caused over 500 Turkish casualties. He was again
distinguished, on 29 August 1788, in the clashes on the withdrawal through Kornia
and Terregova to Fehnisch and on 21 September of that year, during the Austrian
retreat to Karansebes. In April 1790, he was key to the fall of the fortress
of Neu-Orsova. On 22 April 1790, he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the
Military Maria Theresian Order. Four years later Graf Wartensleben received his
promotion to Feldzeugmeister.
In 1795 he served under
Clerfayt in the Army of the Lower Rhine in the withdrawal from Düsseldorf
to the River Main. He served at the successful siege of Mannheim, which fell
on 22 November 1795. Following Clerfayt's removel from command, Wartensleben
assumed acting command of the army until Erzherzog Carl arrived, on 11 April
1796. Wartensleben then served under Erzherzog Carl in the Army of the Lower
Rhine. At the end of the following June, Erzherzog Carl had to go to the upper
Rhine front, which was in danger. He left Wartensleben in command on the middle
Rhine. Jourdan now crossed to the east of the Rhine with his Armée du
Sambre-et-de-la-Moselle and pushed Wartensleben's 36,000 men before him with
apparent ease. On 10 July, Jourdan beat him at Friedberg, north of Frankfurt;
Wartensleben fell back to south of the River Main, abandoning Frankfurt and Würzburg.
It is thought that he was suffering badly from gout at this period and left vital
operational decisions to his staff. It was not until the Austrians joined forces
again and defeated Jourdan at Amberg on 24 August, that Wartensleben (now again
under Erzherzog Carl's command) came to life again. He fought in the battle of
Würzburg on 3 September 1796, as commander of the Reserve and was mortally
wounded in the battle of Emmendingen on 19 October 1796, dying in Vienna
on 21 April 1798.
He has been accused of
being far too old-fashioned, and too pig-headed to accept any advice, which clashed
with his own opinion. He was too obsessed with guarding borders, fortresses and
magazines to throw his army into the destruction of the enemy.
Printed Sources
Bodart, p.310 | Hirtenfeld
1, p.280ff. | MilSchem | Wrede 1, p.316 | Wurzbach 53, p.109ff. | Zivkovic,
Generalität, p.36 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.127, 128
Internet Sources
Ebert [http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/wartensleben.html]
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W15 |
Watlet,
Wenzel Ludwig Tobias von
Watlet,
Wenzel Ludwig Tobias Freiherr von |
Personal Information
Born: 20.06.1769
Died: Vienna, 06.01.1841
Name Variants
also: Wattlet
Promotions
Major: 1801
Oberstleutnant: 27.08.1805
Oberst: 21.02.1808
Generalmajor: 24.05.1809
Feldmarschalleutnant: 09.12.1820
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Fortress Commandant of Josephstadt: 1833-1838
Lieutenant Captain of the First Arcièren Life
Guard: 1840 –
06.01.1841
Elevation of Social Status
Freiherr (by elevation of a family member):
14.03.1778
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Iron Crown 3rd cl.: 12.02.1816
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment
N°41: 1823 – 06.01.1841
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
Hoen, 1809/IV, p.802, note 1 | MilSchem | Nahlik,
IR55, pp.24f., 29f. | Schmedes, IR28,
p.293 | Wurzbach 53, p.149 (w/o date
of birth) | WZ, 09.03.1808, 20.02.1816 | Wrede
1, p.409
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Personal
Information
Born: around 1764
Died: Graz / Styria,
08.09.1842
Name Variants
also: Watzl
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant: 08./09.1808
Oberst: 06.1809
Generalmajor: 20.10.18131
Feldmarschalleutnant
(title a.h.): 23.02.1828
Retired: 23.02.1828
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Military Commander
in Carniola (Laibach): 07.1820 – 23.02.1828
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
Hubka, IR22, pp.208,
222 | MilSchem | WZ, 05.10.1808, 27.10.1813 | Zivkovic,
Heerführer, p.75
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Hubka, IR22, p.222: 22.10.1813 (?)
| W17 |
Weber
von Treuenfels, Franz Johann |
Personal Information
Born: around 1745
Died: WIA Aspern / Lower Austria, 21.05.1809 à Vienna,
24.05.1809
Promotions
Major: 30.01.1794
Oberstleutnant: 09.07.1796
Oberst: 21.03.1797
Generalmajor: 06.09.1800 (w.r.f. 04.09.1800)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 14.08.1808
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
–
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
Allmayer-Beck, p.77 | Amon,
IR18, p.262f., 283, 290, 338 | Hoen,
1809/IV, p.787 | MilSchem | WZ,
03.09.1808
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Personal Information
Born: 1739
Died: Gyöngyös (n.l.) / Hungary,
17.09.1810
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 29.10.1800 (w.r.f. 02.11.1800)
Feldmarschalleutnant (title): 14.08.1808
Retired: 14.08.1808
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
–
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem | Wenke,
DR1, p.275 (wrong: d. 20.09.1810) | WZ,
03.09.1808
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Personal Information
Born: 17??
Died: Braunau (Broumov) / Bohemia, 27.02.1792
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 27.05.1789 (w.r.f. 26.05.1789)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
–
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W20 |
Weigl,
Joseph
Weigl von
Löwenwarth, Joseph
Weigl von
Löwenwarth, Joseph Freiherr |
Personal
Information
Born: 17471
Died: Brescia / Lombardy,
28.02.1830
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant: 05./06.1808
Oberst: 1813
Generalmajor: 22.09.1813
Feldmarschalleutnant:
09.03.1828
Elevation of Social Status
plain nobility: 09.06.1803
(with predicate: "von Löwenwarth")
Freiherr: 22.08.1814
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian
Order – KC: 02.04.1814
2nd Colonel-Proprietor
of the Infantry Regiment N°42: 1824 – 28.02.1830
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Baden:
Order of Military Merit
of Charles Frederick – CC
Printed Sources
Frank 5, p.194 | Frank-Döfering,
4617 | Hirtenfeld 2, p.1307f. | MilSchem | Wrede 1, p.417 | Wurzbach
53, p.289f. (wrong: GM in 1814) | WZ, 09.07.1808
Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Schmidt-Brentano: 1767/68 (?)
| W21 |
Weiss,
Johann Philipp von |
Personal Information
Born: 17??
Died: Graz / Styria, 14.06.1805
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 29.04.1801 (w.r.f. 21.04.1801)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
–
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W22 |
Weiss,
Joseph
Weiss von
Finkenau, Joseph
Weiss von
Finkenau, Joseph Freiherr |
Personal
Information
Born: 17??
Died: Komorn (Kómarom)
/ Hungary, 04.03.18301
Promotions
Major: 11.11.1799
Oberstleutnant: 31.08.1805
Oberst: 30.11.1805
Generalmajor: 24.05.1809
Feldmarschalleutnant:
20.10.1813
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Fortress Commandant
of Komorn: 1813/14 – 04.03.1830
Elevation of Social Status
plain nobility: 05.06.1805
(with predicate: "von Finkenau")
Freiherr: 21.02.1829
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
Amon, IR47, pp.401, 434,
438, 463 | Frank 5, p.197 | Frank, N°10097 | Frank-Döfering,
4622 | Hoen, 1809/IV, p.802, note 1 | MilSchem | Wurzbach
54, p.152 | WZ, 27.10.1813
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Schmidt-Brentano: 04.04.1830 (?)
| W23 |
Weissenwolf,
Nikolaus Joseph Rochus Graf von |
Personal
Information
Born: Prague (Praha)
/ Bohemia, 16.08.1763
Died: Linz / Upper Austria,
11.04.1825
Name Variants
actually: N.J.R. Graf
Ungnad von Weissenwolf
Promotions
Major: 1796
Oberstleutnant: 21.07.17971
Oberst: 18.09.1800
Generalmajor: 01.09.1805
(w.r.f. 10.04.1805)
Feldmarschalleutnant:
27.05.1809
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Military Commander
in Upper Austria (Linz): 06.1816 – 11.04.1825
Chivalry Orders
Knight of the Order of
Malta (min. aet.): 17732
Professed Knight Of the
Order of Malta: 15.06.1811
Commander
of the commandery Maidelberg (Dívči Hrady) in Moravia: 1824 –
11.04.1825
Orders,
Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian
Order – KC: 30.10.1813
2nd Colonel-Proprietor
of the Infantry Regiment N°3: 1809 – 11.04.1825
I.R. Chamberlain: 1792
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Russia:
Order of St. Anne 1st
cl.: 1813
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Born on 16 August 1763
as a member of the family of the bishops of Bamberg, Nikolaus Joseph Rochus Franz
Graf Ungnad von Weissenwolf entered military service in the Austrian army in
the War of the Bavarian Succession (1777-1779) as Fähnrich, in
Infantry Regiment "Joseph Colloredo" N°57. In April 1779, he was promoted
to Lieutenant.
He fought in the Turkish wars as Hauptmann in the Infantry Regiment "Esterhazy" N°32;
he repeatedly distinguished himself in action.
On 7 October 1793,
Graf Weissenwolf was distinguished in the defence of Maubeuge, the capture
of the Neckar redoubts and – in September1796 – at the battle of Würzburg.
After this, Erzherzog Carl sent him to Vienna with news of the victory. He
was then a Major in the Croatian Freicorps until its disbandment in
July 1797, following his transfer to Infantry Regiment "Michael Graf Wallis" N°11
as Oberstleutnant.
In 1799 he fought in
the Engadin valley in the Alps, and saw much activity behind the French lines
in the Tschiefer valley and around Czernez. He was then commander of a grenadier
battalion, fought at Tauffers then went into Italy. He fought at the battle of
Novi, again at Genola. Graf Wartensleben also distinguished himself at Marengo
on 14 June.
In September 1800, he
was promoted to Oberst. He was very distinguished at the battle of Caldiero.
On 1 September 1805,
he was promoted to Generalmajor.
In 1809, he was promoted
to FML (27 May) and appointed 2nd Colonel-Proprietor of Infantry Regiment "Esterhazy" N°32;
in the campaign, he served as a brigade commander in Kottulinsky's division
of Hiller's VI corps, and fought at Rottenburg, Landshut, Ebelsberg and Znaim.
In 1813 FML Graf Wartensleben
commanded a grenadier division in the Reserve Corps. He helped save the day
at Leipzig on 16 October, in the south at Wachau and Auenhain. On 18 October,
he threw Poniatowski's troops out of Dölitz manor house complex. On 30
October, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresian
Order.
In 1814, he fought at
Fere-Champenoise and Paris. He was thence a divisional commander in Austria until
his death on 11 April 1825 in Linz.
Printed Sources
Amon, IR4, p.330 | Angeli,
Carl 3, p.136 | Dauber, p.202ff. | Hirtenfeld 2, p.1231f. | MD
5, p.183 (w/o date of death) | MilSchem | Wrede 1, p.131 | Wurzbach
54, p.185ff. | WZ, 25.11.1809, 20.02.1814 | Zivkovic, Heerführer,
p.73
Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Dauber, p.202: 12.1797 (?)
2)
Date of the formal reception: 18.08.1776
Personal Information
Born: around 1730
Died: Frankfurt/Main (Free Imperial City),
17.04.1796
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 16.01.1790 (w.r.f. 02.12.1789)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 04.03.1796 (w.r.f. 26.06.1795)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
–
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W25 |
Wenckheim,
Franz Xaver von
Wenckheim,
Franz Xaver Freiherr von |
Personal Information
Born: Graz / Styria, 03.04.1736
Died: KIA Courtray / Austrian Netherlands,
11.05.1794
Name Variants
also: Wenkheim
Family Status
Brother of W26
Married: Karoline Freiin von Rosenfeld (1751-1827)
Promotions
Major: 1770
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst: 1778
Generalmajor: 21.07.1787
Feldmarschalleutnant: 05.09.1793
Elevation of Social Status
Freiherr: 18.12.1776
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC:
19.12.1790
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment
N°35: 09.1793 – 11.05.1794
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Franz Xaver von (later: Freiherr von) Wenckheim
was born in 1736 in Graz. In 1754, he entered Austrian military service as Fähnrich in
Infantry Regiment "Piccolomini" N°25, with which he fought through the
Seven Years War. He distinguished himself in the siege of Schweidnitz, and
by 1764 was a Hauptmann. In 1770,
he transferred to Infantry Regiment "Pellegrini"
N°49, as a Major. In 1773, he was
appointed commander of a grenadier battalion and by 1778 was Oberst and
commander of his regiment. In the War of the Bavarian Succession, his regiment
guarded Prague, capital of Bohemia; they were then sent to Vienna.
On 21 July 1788, Wenckheim was promoted to Generalmajor and
went to the front in the wars against the Turks. Here, he was often distinguished,
such as when he held the vital Beschonier Pass, near Semlin, against repeated
Turkish attacks for three months. On 30 September 1798, he won the Knight's Cross
of the Military Maria Theresian Order at the storming of Belgrade, where he commanded
six battalions of grenadiers.
In April 1792, GM Wenckheim arrived in Flanders.
He was distinguished in the Austrian victory in the battle of Neerwinden on 18
March 1793, and again in the actions at Bois des Mormalle, Vicogne and at the
capture of Valenciennes fortress on 25 July of that year. On 5 September 1793,
he was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant;
a little later, he was appointed Colonel Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment
N°35. The next year Wenckheim was killed in action at Courtray on 11
May 1794.
Printed Sources
Allmayer-Beck, p.73 | Frank
5, p.202 | Hirtenfeld 1, p.296 | May,
IR35, pp.105f., 108 | MilSchem | Wrede
1, p.367 | Wurzbach 54, p.269f.
Internet Sources
Ebert [http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/wenkheim.html]
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W26 |
Wenckheim,
Johann Georg Joseph von
Wenckheim,
Johann Georg Joseph Freiherr von
Wenckheim,
Johann Georg Joseph Graf von |
Personal
Information
Born: Graz / Styria,
28.10.1734
Died: Vienna, 05.09.1803
Name Variants
also: Wenkheim
Family Status
Brother of W25
Married: Therese Freiin
von Gruber (1741-1801)
Promotions
Major: 1762
Oberstleutnant: 1771
Oberst: 01.06.1773
Generalmajor: 10.04.17831 (w.r.f.
18.04.1783)
Feldmarschalleutnant:
16.01.1790 (w.r.f. 03.02.1790)
Elevation of Social Status
Freiherr: 18.12.1776
Graf: 09.04.1802
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
2nd Colonel-Proprietor
of the Infantry Regiment N°52: 1791 – 05.09.1803
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
Dragoni, IR45, pp.172,
182 | Frank 5, p.202 | MilSchem | Wrede 1, p.478 | Wurzbach
54, p.268
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Dragoni, IR45, p.182: 12.04.1783 (?)
| W27 |
Werneck,
Franz Freiherr von |
Personal Information
Born: Stuttgart / Württemberg, 13.10.1748
Died: Königgrätz (Hradec Králové)
/ Bohemia, 17.01.1806
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 09.10.1789 (w.r.f. 24.09.1789)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 28.05.1794 (w.r.f. 31.08.1794)
Retired: 26.06.1797
Reactivated: 1805
Field Service (1792-1815)
Commander of the (autonomous) Corps at the
Lower Rhine: 09.1796 – 04.1797
Commander of the Austrian forces at the battle
of Heddesdorf: 18.04.1797 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the combat
of Neresheim: 17.10.1805 (–)
Commander of the Austrian forces at the capitulation
of Trochtelfingen: 18.10.1805 (–)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC:
19.12.1790 / CC: 18.09.1796
I.R. Chamberlain
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Franz Freiherr von Werneck was born on 13
October 1748, in the Württemberg royal residence in Stuttgart. In 1764, he entered
the Austrian Infantry Regiment
"Wied-Runkel" N°28, as an Oberleutnant.
He then soon transferred to Infantry Regiment "Stain" N°50, as a Hauptmann and
by 1784 had risen to Oberst and
regimental commander. He fought in the wars against the Turks and was distinguished
on 13 September 1788 at Slatina, where, with a battalion of his regiment,
he drove 400 Turkish infantry from a strategic hill. In 1789, he commanded
his regiment with courage and determination at the battle of Mehadia. It
was mainly his conduct at the storm of Belgrade, on 30 September of that
year, where he commande the 1st Assault Column (a company of volunteers,
a grenadier battalion and one battalion IR "Stain" N°50), which secured
his promotion to Generalmajor on
9 October 1789. On 19 December 1790, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the
Military Maria Theresian Order.
In the 1792 campaign, he commanded a grenadier
brigade in the battle of Jemappes on 6 November with much distinction. In
1793 he fought at Aldenhoven (1 March) and Neerwinden (18 March) and at the
siege of Valenciennes from 25 May to 27 July. He also took notable part in
the Anglo-Austrian siege of Dunkirk (24 August – 8 September 1793) under
FML Graf d'Alton. In early 1794, he commanded an infantry brigade in Alvinczy's
Reserve under Sachsen-Coburg in the Netherlands and on 29 March 1794, he again
shone in the battle of Le Cateau. In May 1794, he was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant and
was attached to the Prince of Orange's combined force. In 1795 Werneck served
under Clerfayt on the middle Rhine. On 29 October, he commanded the Reserve
in the fortress of Mainz for the successful battle there. In 1796 he served
in Germany under Erzherzog Carl and was at the battle of Würzburg as commander
of 12 grenadier battalions in Wartensleben's Reserve of the Army of the Lower
Rhine. On 18 September of this year, he was awarded the Commander's Cross of
the MMTO. In 1797 he commanded a corps of 30,000 men on the lower Rhine. On
18 April, the French forced the crossing of that river at Neuwied, completely
surprising Werneck. They also won a stunning victory, inflicting the worst
defeat for years on Austria. Werneck was placed in retirement on half-pay as
punishment.
He was reactivated for the campaign of 1805
and given command of a corps under Mack. Mack finally decided to evacuate Ulm
and ordered Werneck to act as advanced guard on 13 October. His march was very
soon detected and Napoleon ordered his 10,000-strong command to be destroyed.
Werneck's rearguard (GM Mecsery) was caught by Ney at Langenau and Nerestetten
on 16 October and scattered. Werneck was defeated by Murat's cavalry at Neresheim
on 17 October and capitulated at Trochtelfingen next day to GdD Belliard. Werneck
died of a stroke on 17 January 1806, whilst awaiting court-martial for the disastrous
events of the previous year.
Printed Sources
Bodart, pp.321, 365 | Hirtenfeld
1, p.505 | MilSchem | Wurzbach
55, p.43 | Zivkovic, Heerführer,
p.128
Internet Sources
Ebert [http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/werneck.html]
(wrong: b. 19.07.1748)
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Personal Information
Born: around 1744
Died: Vienna, 20.03.1813
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 01.09.1805 (w.r.f. 20.02.1804)
Feldmarschalleutnant: 25.09.1809
Retired: 1810
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
–
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem | WZ,
22.04.1813
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W29 |
Wetzel,
Karl Joseph Freiherr von |
Personal
Information
Born: around 1742
Died: Marburg (Maribor)
/ Styria, 23.04.17971
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 01.03.1797
(w.r.f. 24.01.1797)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
–
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
Janota, IR56, pp.115,
142 | MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Schmidt-Brentano: 23.03.1797 (?)
Personal
Information
Born: Vienna, 1755
Died: Vienna, 16.02.1806
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant: 1797
Oberst: 1800
Generalmajor: 01.09.1805
(w.r.f. 02.04.1805)
Field Service (1792-1815)
Chief of the Quartermaster
General Staff of the Army of Germany: 09.-12.1800
Chief of the Quartermaster
General Staff of the Allied Army: 11.-12.1805
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian
Order – KC: 11.05.1796
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Franz von Weyrother
was born in 1755 in Vienna. As a youth, he attended the military engineering
academy and in 1775, he entered the Infantry Regiment
"Lacy" N°22 as a Kadett. From 1778 to 1783, he acted as an ADC (Leutnant)
to GM Wenzel Joseph Graf von Colloredo-Wallsee. He was promoted to Hauptmann in
1789 for his bravery, fighting the Turks. From 1 November 1794 to 30 August 1795,
he was ADC to the Governor of Mainz, GM Andreas Freiherr von Neu. In 1796 he
served on Erzherzog Carl's staff and was promoted to Oberstleutnant. In
1799, he acted as Austrian liaison officer to Russian FM Graf Suvorov and was
present at the battle of Novi on 15 August of that year. Weyrother personally
worked out Suvorov's route over the St Gotthard Pass to Schwyz. Early in 1800,
he was promoted to Oberst and posted to the staff of Erzherzog Johann's
army in Bavaria. He fought at Hohenlinden and on the combats back to Salzburg.
On 1 September 1805,
Weyrother was promoted to Generalmajor and posted to the staff of FM Prince
Kutusov. Weyrother developed the allied plan for the battle of Austerlitz. Following
this dreadful defeat, he withdrew into private life but died shortly afterwards
on 16 February 1806.
Printed Sources
ADB 42, p.287ff. | Gatti,
IngAk, p.296f. | Hollins, p.52f. | MilSchem | Regele, p.30 | Wurzbach
55, p.211f. | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.109, 110
Internet Sources
Ebert [http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/weyrother.html]
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
MilSchem: Brünn (?) / ADB, Hollins: 1754 (?)
| W31 |
Wied
zu Runkel und Eisenberg, Friedrich
Ludwig Prinz von
Wied zu Runkel
und Eisenberg, Friedrich Ludwig Fürst von |
Personal Information
Born: Dierdorf / Wied, 29.01.1770
Died: Dierdorf / Rhenish Prussia, 28.04.18241
Promotions
Netherlands:
[rank?]
Into
Austrian service:
Major: 1799
Oberstleutnant: 12.1800
Oberst: 10.1804
Generalmajor: 12.02.18092
Feldmarschalleutnant: 26.07.1813
Change of Social Status
Fürst: 1824
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian Order – KC: 24.05.1809
Order of Leopold – CC: 29.03.1814
Colonel-Proprietor of the Infantry Regiment N°34:
10.01.1815 – 28.04.1824
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Bavaria:
Military Order of Maximilian Joseph – CC3
Naples-Sicily:
Military Order of St. George and of the Reunion – GC:
1821
Printed Sources
Hirtenfeld 2, p.981ff. | Kreipner, IR34, pp.500,
515, 528 | MilSchem | Nekrolog 1824/2, p.706ff. | Ritter,
p.361ff. | Strobl, IR17, I, p.128 / II, p.3 | Wrede 1, p.360 | Wurzbach
55, p.290ff. | WZ, 31.07.1813, 14.10.1813, 14.04.1814
Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Marek [http://genealogy.euweb.cz/runkel/runkel5.html]
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
MilSchem: 26.04.1824 (?) / Kreipner, IR34, p.500: d. in Dorfaf (?)
2)
Strobl, IR17, I, p.128 / II, p.3: 18.02.1809 (?)
3)
After Kreipner, IR34, p.500 (not mentioned in MilSchem) (?)
| W32 |
Wielhorski,
Michael Graf von |
Personal
Information
Born: around 1753
Died: (Ungarisch Brod
[Uherské Brod] / Moravia ?), 03.03.1805
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst: 1803
Generalmajor: 09.1804
(w.r.f. 02.09.1804)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
–
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem | Wurzbach
56, p.19f.
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W33 |
Wiesy,
Karl Ritter von |
Personal
Information
Born: 1750
Died: Agram (Zagreb)
/ Croatia, 06.02.1802
Name
Variants
also: Wisy
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 26.11.1800
(w.r.f. 01.02.1801)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
–
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W34 |
Wilczek,
Joseph Franz Johann Baptist August Graf von |
Personal
Information
Born: 28.08.1752
Died: Vienna, 14.07.1828
Name Variants
also: Wilczeck
Family
Status
Married: Rosalie von
Schulz (1760-1831)
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant: 03.12.1788
Oberst: 30.01.1794
Generalmajor: 01.03.17971 (w.r.f.
17.02.1797)
Feldmarschalleutnant
(title): 12.04.1826
Retired: 12.04.1826
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
I.R. Chamberlain
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
Amon, IR18, pp.237, 241,
262, 290 | MD 6, p.5 | MilSchem | Nekrolog 1828/2, N°839
(p.948) | Wurzbach 56, genealogical table (ad p.112)
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Amon, IR18, p.290: 21.03.1797 (?)
| W35 |
Wilhelmi
von Willenstein, Wilhelm |
Personal
Information
Born: 17??
Died: 30.06.1813
Name Variants
also: Wilhelmy
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst: 26.10.1796
Generalmajor: 06.03.18001 (w.r.f.
17.03.1800)
Retired: 1805
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
Anonymous, DR2, pp.317f.,
336 | MilSchem | WZ, 14.10.1813
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Anonymous, DR2, p.336: 05.03.1800 (?)
| W36 |
Wimpffen,
(Franz) Georg Sigmund Dominik Freiherr von |
Personal
Information
Born: 1735
Died: 13.02.1816
Family
Status
Father of W37
Married (1): Julie
Therese Freiin von Böselager
Married (2): Josepha
Freiin von Gastheimb
Promotions
France:
Major
Into
Austrian service:
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 01.05.1773
(w.r.f. 31.07.1765)
Feldmarschalleutnant:
10.04.1783 (w.r.f. 06.04.1783)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem | Wurzbach
56, p.242f.
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W37 |
Wimpffen,
Maximilian Alexander Freiherr von |
Personal
Information
Born: Münster /
Münster (prince bishopric), 19.02.1770
Died: Vienna, 29.08.1854
Family Status
Son of W36
Promotions
Major: 31.08.1799
Oberstleutnant: 25.01.1801
Oberst: 27.08.1805
Generalmajor: 26.04.1809
Feldmarschalleutnant:
02.09.1813
Feldzeugmeister: 21.10.1830
Feldmarschall: 04.12.18441
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Chief of the Quartermaster
General Staff: 07.05.1809 – 22.08.1809
Military Commander
in Silesia (Troppau): 08.1814 – 11.1820
Adlatus of the Commanding
General in Venetia: 01.1821 – 03.1824
Chief of the Quartermaster
General Staff: 03.1824 – 01.11.1830
Commanding General
in Upper and Lower Austria and in Salzburg: 21.10.1830 –
18.12.18442
Captain of the First Arcièren Life
Guard: 18.12.1844 – 29.08.1854
Field Service (1792-1815)
Chief of the Quartermaster
General Staff of the Main Army (= Army of Germany): 05.-08.1809
Commander of the Army
Corps at the Rhine: 10.1815 – 01.1816
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Order of the Golden Fleece:
26.11.1852
Military Maria Theresian
Order – KC: 28.05.1806 / CC: 24.05.1809
Silver Tyrolean Defence
Medal 1799: 1800
Colonel-Proprietor
of the Infantry Regiment N°13: 1815 – 27.08.1854
I.R. Privy Councillor:
14.01.18213
I.R. Chamberlain: 1807
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Hessen-Darmstadt:
Order of Ludwig – CC
1st cl.: 1827
Parma:
Constantinian Order
of St. George – CC: 1828
Russia:
Order of St. Anne 1st
cl.
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Maximilian Alexander,
Freiherr von Wimpffen was born on 19 February 1770 in Münster, Westfalia,
as son of Franz Georg Joseph Ludwig Sigismund Dominik. He entered Austrian
military service in the Wiener Neustadt Military Academy. In 1786, he was
appointed Fähnrich in
the Infantry Regiment "Clerfayt" N°9, but transferred next year to Infantry
Regiment "Alvinczy" N°19.
From 1788 to 1789, he
fought in the Turkish wars as an Unterleutnant. On 30 September 1789,
Wimpffen volunteered to lead the assault column that broke into Belgrade at the
Constantinople gate, where he was wounded in the foot.
In 1792 he was promoted
to Oberleutnant in the grenadier battalion Morzin in Brussels and the
Champagne.
He fought at Neerwinden
and took that village and 2 guns, before he was wounded and captured. He spoke
with French General Dumouriez and told him that he was a nephew of the French
General Felix Wimpffen. After six weeks Wimpffen was paroled. In 1793 he fought
at the sieges of Valenciennes (25 May-27 July), and at Maubeuge (30 September-16
October).
In 1794 Wimpffen took
part at the siege of Landrecy and the battle of Charleroi. This year he was promoted
to Hauptmann. In 1795 he was transferred to the Genoese riviera, where
he distinguished himslef at Loano (east of Nice, on the Gulf of Genoa) on 23-24
November. Next year, he served in Italy, on the (Quartermaster) General Staff
in FZM Freiherr von Beaulieu's Headquarter. He was twice wounded at the Mincio
River and saved Beaulieu, his GHQ and the war chest. He later fought at Castiglione.
In 1796, he took part
in the second attempt to relieve Mantua on 3 August. In November 1796, he fought
at Bassano on the Brenta River (6 November) and at Caldiero (12 November) under
FZM Alvinczy and at Arcole on the left wing, on 15-17 November.
He then went to up into
the Tyrol as Quartermaster General under FML Bellegarde.
In 1799, he fought
at Feldkirch where Marshal Massena gave up attempts to storm his redoubts after
three days. He was badly wounded in the right shoulder at Tauffers, on 25
March, leading a charge of the Erdödy Hussars. Wimpffen was then sick
for some months in Bolzano, but promoted Major on QMG staff.
The government of the
Tyrol sent him a letter of thanks and a silver medal for bravery. His right arm
and leg were now useless, as a result of his wounds; he taught himself to write
with his left hand and refused a quiet post in the Hungarian Insurrektion.
In 1800, he fought at
the Mincio River, where he again was wounded, this time in the left arm.
In 1801, major Wimpffen
was promoted to Oberstleutnant in the Infantry Regiment "Kray" N°34,
then to Infantry Regiment "Ignaz Gyulai" N°60. In 1805, he was promoted
to Oberst.
His duties took him to Vienna, where he drew up plans for the defence of
Olmütz,
in Moravia. He was then attached to FML Liechtenstein's corps and took part
in the battle of Austerlitz, where he was wounded twice, in the right arm
and the right ankle. On 28 May 1806, Wimpffen was awarded the Knight's Cross
of the Military Maria Theresian Order and appointed Adjutant General to Erzherzog
Carl.
On 26 April 1809, Oberst
Wimpffen received his promotion to Generalmajor and was still with Erzherzog
Carl. During the fights at Regensburg and Landshut two horses were shot from
under him. In May he replaced GM Prochaska as CoS of the Army of Germany. He
was very distinguished at Aspern on 24 May, and was awarded the Commander's Cross
of the MMTO. After Erzherzog Carl's resignation from command of the army following
the armistice of Znaim, a committee of generals was to take over in his place;
Wimpffen resigned in protest and was a brigade commander in Bohemia and Transylvania
for three years. The Czar offered him the post of Lieutenant General in the Russian
War Ministry but he refused.
On 2 September 1813,
Wimpffen was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant and commanded a division
in I Corps in the Army of Bohemia. In 1814, he fought in the Champagne and around
Troyes, Limonest and Lyon versus Marshal Augereau. He stormed Marchand's redoubts
at Voreppe on the Isere and was also engaged at Arcis-sur-Aube on 20-21 March,
where the Austrians defeated Napoleon. On 11 December 1815, he took Landau fortress.
From 1814 to 1820, FML
Freiherr von Wimpffen served as Military Commander in Austrian Silesia; in 1821,
he was appointed Adlatus of the CO of Venetia. During the Italian rebellion he
went to FML Graf Bubna's aid in Milan with twelve battalions, for which he was
appointed Privy Councillor in 1821.
FM Baron Wimpffen died
on 29 August 1854 in Vienna.
Printed Sources
ADB 43, p.327ff. | Amon,
Hauptleute, p.71ff. | Angeli, Carl 4, p.245, 558 | Hirtenfeld 2,
p.871ff. | Hollins, p.53ff. | Kreipner, IR34, p.377 | Leitner
2, p.142ff. | MilSchem (wrong: d. 27.08.1854) | ÖMZ, year
1863, vol 3, p.285ff. / vol 4, p.103ff.: Johann Nosinich: Feldmarschall-Lieutenant
Baron Wimpffen im Feldzuge von 1815 (Nach Quellen des k.k. Kriegsarchivs) | Regele,
p.31 | Rupprecht, IR60, pp.39f., 44, 55, and appendix, p.9 | Svoboda
1, col.176ff. | Vlies-Orden, p.189, N°955 | Wrede 1, p.206 | Wrede
(6), p.41, 72 | Wurzbach 56, p.252ff. | WZ, 09.09.1813 | Zivkovic,
Generalität, pp.14, 41 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.44, 49,
60, 74, 110, 134
Internet Sources
Boettger
Ebert [http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/wimpffen.html]
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Amon, Hauptleute, p.78: 18.12.1844 (?)
2)
Zivkovic, Heerführer: 11.1844 (?)
3)
Amon, Hauptleute, p.78: 11.06.1821 (?)
Personal
Information
Born: Beravce (Beravci)
/ Croatia, 22.06.1769
Died:
Warasdin (Varaždin, Varasd) / Croatia, 27.09.1829
Name
Variants
also: Vinzian
Promotions
Major: 1801
Oberstleutnant: 1806
Oberst: 1809
Generalmajor: 26.07.1813
Retired: 12.10.1816
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
MilSchem | Svoboda
1, col.186 (wrong: d. 23.02.1839) | WZ, 31.07.1813, 14.10.1813
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W39 |
Winkler,
Julius Paul Freiherr von |
Personal
Information
Born: 17??
Died: 12.05.1806
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 04.03.1796
(w.r.f. 23.04.1796)
Retired: 1801
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
–
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W40 |
Wintzingerode-Ohmfeld,
Ferdinand Freiherr von |
Personal
Information
Born: Allendorf an der
Werra / Hessen-Kassel, 15.02.1770
Died: Wiesbaden / Nassau,
17.06.1818
Family Status
Married: Jane Diana King
Promotions
Major: 1797
Into
Russian service: 1797
Major: 19.[08.]06.1797
Lieutenant Colonel: 1798
Colonel: 05.06.[25.05.]1798
Into
Autrian service: 1799
Oberstleutnant: 02.1799
Oberst: (~05).05.1800
Generalmajor: 06.02.1802
(w.r.f. 01.02.1802)
Into
Russian service: 1802
Major General: 24.[12.]04.1802
Into
Austrian service: 1809
Feldmarschalleutnant:
24.05.1809
Quit: 03.1812
Into
Russian service: 1812
Lieutenant General: 28.[16.]09.1812
General of Cavalry: 20.[08.]10.1813
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian
Order – KC: 17.04.1811
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Russia:
Order of St. Alexander
Nevskij: 03.12.[21.11.]1812
Order of St. George 3rd
cl.: 20.[08.]05.1806 / 2nd cl.: 16.[04.]02.1813
Order of St. Vladimir
3rd cl.: 1805/06 / 2nd cl.: 03.05.[21.04.]1813 / 1st cl.: 24.[12.]02.1814
Order of St. Anne 3rd
cl.: 26.[15.]05.1798
Order of St. John of
Jerusalem
Sardinia-Piedmont:
Order of St. Maurice
and St. Lazarus
Sweden:
Military Order of the
Sword
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Ferdinand Karl Friedrich
Wilhelm Freiherr von Wintzingerode-Ohmfeld was born on 15 February 1770, in Allendorf,
Hessen-Kassel. From 1778 to 1785, he was in the Hessian Cadet Corps; he then
served in the Hessian guards. In 1790 he served in the Austrian army in Flanders
and during the First Revolutionary War on the upper Rhine, 1792-1793 in Hessen
service and from 1795 to 1796 again in Austrian service.
On 19 June 1797, he
transferred into the Russian army as major in the Military Order Cuirassiers.
In early 1798, he became Lieutanant Colonel in the Izmailovski Guards and ADC
to Grand Prince Constantine. On 14 February 1799, he came back into Austrian
service to take command of light Dragoon Regiment
"Erzherzog Ferdinand" N°2. He returned to Russian service in November 1801
and became an officer on the general staff. On 24 April 1802, he was promoted
to major general; in 1803, Wintzingerode was briefly Chef of the Odessa Hussars.
In 1805, he was sent to Berlin, to help coordinate allied plans against France.
In the Austerlitz campaign, he served with distinction at Dürnstein on 11
November, where he won the Russian Order of St. George III cl, which was awarded
on 20 May 1806. At Schöngraben, on 16 November, he and Prince Bagration
tricked Marshal Murat into believing that a truce had been signed, thus winning
24 hours to save the Russian army. After the defeat of Austerlitz, however,
he was held responsible for the disaster; he left Russian service in January
1807, to return to the Austrian army. At Aspern 1809, he commanded an infantry
brigade in Fresnel's division of Bellegarde's I Corps and was badly wounded
in that battle. On 24 May 1809, he was promoted to Feldmarschalleutnant,
but did not serve at Wagram; he quit the Austrian army again in March 1812
and transferred back into Russian service as major general. During that campaign,
he led a partisan group around Smolensk, for which he was promoted to Lieutenant
General (on 16 September) and was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevskij
on 21 November. At this time he entered the Kremlin, to negotiate with Napoleon
to stop the destruction of the place. Napoleon had him arrested as a Hessian
traitor and taken off in the column of the retreating army. Wintzingerode
was rescued by Cossacks between Minsk and Wilna and was given command of
a corps, pursuing the French. In 1813 he fought at Kalisch (Order of St.
George II cl), Lützen (Order of St Vladimir
II cl), Gross-Beeren, Dennewitz and Leipzig, for which he was promoted to
general of cavalry on 20 October.
In 1814, he commanded
a corps and fought at Soissons (Order of St Vladimir I cl)), Craonne, Leon and
St Dizier. In 1815, he commanded the II Cavalry Corps, which he led back to France.
On 28 April 1816, he took command of II Corps and later, July 1817, the Independent
Lithuanian Corps. In 1818, he went to Wiebaden to take the waters for his health,
but died there on 17 June 1818.
Printed Sources
ADB 43 p.503ff. | Berg,
Gregor von: Leben von Gregor von Berg, Russisch-Kaiserlicher ... General der
Infanterie, 2 vols, Dresden 1871 | Hirtenfeld 2, p.910ff. (wrong: b. Kirchohmfeld,
1769) | Hoen, 1809/IV, p.802, note 1 | MD 6, p.12 | Mikaberidze,
p.444f. | MilSchem | Nikolaj
Michailovič, Grand Duke of Russia (ed.): Portraits russes du 18. et 19.
siecles, vol 2, N°197, St. Petersburg 1906 | ÖMZ,
year 1842, vol 1, p.161ff.: Gustav Graf Enzenberg: Des Generallieutenants Baron
Winzingerode Gefangennehmung 1812 in Moskau, und dessen Befreiung durch die Kosaken.
Nach einem französischen Manuskripte des General Leon von Narischkin | Wintzingerode,
Wilhelm-Clothar von: General der Kavallerie Ferdinand Freiherr von Wintzingerode.
Ein Lebensbild aus den napoleonischen Kriegen, Arolsen 1902 | Wurzbach
57, p.102ff. (wrong: b. Kirchohmfeld, 24.05.1770) | WZ, 02.05.1812
Internet Sources
Bezotosnyj, B.M. – Podmazo,
Aleksandr:
Vincengerode Ferdinand Fedorovič
[http://www.museum.ru/museum/1812/Persons/slovar/sl_v13.html].- Download:
28.06.2004
Jewison/Steiner
Podmazo,
Aleksandr: Vincengerode Ferdinand Fedorovič. [http://www.museum.ru/museum/1812/Persons/russ/ra_v13.html].-
Download: 28.06.2004
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Vederman
| W41 |
Wodniansky
von Wildenfeld, Johann Joseph Freiherr |
Personal
Information
Born: Prague (Praha)
/ Bohemia, 1753
Died: Ofen (Pest) / Hungary,
09.02.1819
Promotions
Major: 07.09.1788
Oberstleutnant: 23.09.1796
Oberst: 02.02.1800
Generalmajor: 01.09.1805
(w.r.f. 31.03.1805)
Feldmarschalleutnant:
30.03.1813
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Fortress Commandant
of Ofen: 1816 – 09.02.1819
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian
Order – KC: 19.12.1790
I.R. Chamberlain
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
Dedekind, DR11, pp.225,
295, 323, 664, 808 | Hirtenfeld 1, p.298 | MilSchem | Wurzbach
57, p.203f. | WZ, 08.06.1813
Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W42 |
Wölffing,
Ludwig Burkhard von
Wölffing,
Ludwig Burkhard Edler von
Wölffing,
Ludwig Burkhard Freiherr von |
Personal
Information
Born: around 1720
Died: Vienna, 18.10.1796
Name Variants
also: Wölfling
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 27.07.1787
(w.r.f. 24.07.1787)
Elevation of Social Status
plain nobility (with
predicate "Edler von"): 16.08.1763
Freiherr: ?
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Decoration of the Elisabeth
Theresian Military Foundation: 1796
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
Auer, N°356 | Frank
5, p.234 | Kneschke 9, p.595f. | MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W43 |
Wöllwarth,
Wilhelm August Friedrich Freiherr von |
Personal
Information
Born: Essingen / Dalberg
(Imperial Knightage), 12.08.1763
Died: Stuttgart / Württemberg,
20.06.1839
Promotions
Major: 24.08.1796
Oberstleutnant: 1799
Oberst: 1800
Generalmajor: 01.01.1807
(w.r.f. 04.05.1805)
Quit: 1807
Into
Württemberg service: 11.01.1808
Generalmajor: 11.01.1808
Generalleutnant: 21.08.1808
Retired: 13.11.1816
Order of Chivalry
Knight of the Teutonic
Order: 1798
Commander of Weddingen:
~ 1802
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
France:
Order of the Légion
d'Honneur – OC: 1809 (?)
Württemberg:
Order of Military Merit – CC:
22.05.1809
Order of Civil Merit – GC
Archive Sources
State Archives Ludwigsburg:
Archive of the Freiherren von Woellwarth zu Essingen, PL 9/3 Bü 1613
Printed Sources
Dedekind, DR11, p.809 | MilSchem
(last entry: year 1807) | Schröder, Bernd Philipp: Die Generalität
der deutschen Mittelstaaten 1815-1870, vol 2, p.1307 | Wrede, DR6, pp.675,
928f. | WZ, 26.09.1807
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Uythoven, Geert van:
Wurttemberg Officers [http://members.home.nl/uythoven/Wurttemberg/Wurttemberg%20officers.htm].-
Download: 13.10.2008
| W44 |
Woestenraedt,
Karl Alexander Joseph Graf von |
Personal
Information
Born: 02.09.1754
Died: Krakau (Kraków)
/ Galicia, 06.06.1809
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 01.09.1805
(w.r.f. 04.04.1805)
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Grand Master of the Household
to Archduke Ferdinand Carl: 1805/06-1808/09
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W45 |
Woestenraedt,
Philipp Joseph Graf von |
Personal
Information
Born: 01.06.(07.?)1711
Died: 04.05.1797
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 24.10.1751
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
–
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem ("Westenrode")
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Personal
Information
Born: 17??
Died: 17.04.1817
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 17.03.1797
(w.r.f. 30.04.1797)
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Fortress Commandant
of Brod: ~1799 – 19.02.1809
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
–
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
Angeli, Carl 4, p.12 | MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Personal
Information
Born: 1730
Died: Graz / Styria,
13.02.1808
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst: 04.11.17881
Generalmajor: 26.09.1795
(w.r.f. 03.11.1791)
Feldmarschalleutnant:
02.09.1799 (w.r.f. 27.08.1799)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
–
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
May, IR35, pp.98, 111
(wrong: GM in 08.1795) | MilSchem | Rainer, IR35, pp.746, 816,
819 | WZ, 09.03.1808
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Rainer, IR35, p.816: 03.11.1788 (?) / contrary to p.819: 11.11.1788 (?)
| W48 |
Wolf
de la Marselle, Ludwig Dominik |
Personal
Information
Born: Mons (Bergen) /
Austrian Netherlands, 13.03.1747
Died: Mons (Bergen) /
France, 15.10.18041
Name Variants
(French) Louis-Dominique-Joseph-Régis
de Wolf de la Marselle
Promotions
Major: 1788
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst: 04.1796
Generalmajor: 02.10.1799
(w.r.f. 06.11.1799)
Retired: 05.1801
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian
Order – KC: 18.08.1801
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
Guillaume, p.176f., 316 | Hirtenfeld
1, p.592ff. (wrong: d. 11.10.1804) | MilSchem | Wurzbach 58, p.4ff.
(wrong: d. 11.10.1804)
Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Schmidt-Brentano: 14.10.1804 (?)
| W49 |
Wolf,
Johann
Wolf von
Steineck, Johann |
Personal
Information
Born: 17??
Died: Vienna, 21.09.1825
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 09.09.1814
(?)
Retired: 29.05.1816
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Commander of the Military
Transport Corps: 07.1808 – 05.1816
Elevation of Social Status
plain nobility: 20.12.1810
(with predicate: "von Steineck")
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
Frank-Döfering,
4703 | MilSchem | Nekrolog 1825/2, p.420 | Zivkovic,
Heerführer,
p.26
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W50 |
Wolfskehl
zu Reichenberg, Christian Freiherr
von |
Personal
Information
Born: Würzburg /
Würzburg (prince-bishopric), 1761
Died: KIA Ponte della
Priula at the Piave / Venetia, 08.05.1809
Family Status
Married: 1806 Maria Martha
Eveline Ley, widowed von Stahel (1766-1807)
Promotions
Major: 09.1791
Oberstleutnant: 12.1796
Oberst: 05.1797
Generalmajor: 29.10.1800
(w.r.f. 09.12.1800)
Feldmarschalleutnant:
12.02.1809
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian
Order – KC: 18.08.1801
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Born in Würzburg
in 1761 Christian Freiherr von Wolfskehl zu Reichenberg entered Austrian
military service in the War of the Bavarian Succession in 1778 as Unterleutnant in
the Dragoon Regiment "Levenehr" N°19. During the Turkish wars of 1788/89
he was a Rittmeister in the Cuirassier Regiment "
Wallisch" N°21 and in 1791 he was Platzmajor in Vienna. In February 1794
Wolfskehl transferred to Cuirassier Regiment "Lothringen" N°7. On 7 September
1796 he was ordered to go to the aid of a small Austrian detachment of FZM Graf
Baillet de Latour in the Scharnitz Pass, on the Austro-Bavarian border, between
Mittenwald and Innsbruck. With 4 squadrons of his own regiment, 2 squadrons of
Slavonian Grenz Hussars and 2 guns, he advanced to Starnberg, on the northern
tip of Lake Starnberg, just southwest of Munich, in order to focus the enemy's
attention upon himself. The enemy took the bait and turned northwest towards
him. Wolfskehl had really done his job, but he now heard that there was an isolated
French convoy at Dachau, just northwest of Munich. He decided to raid it and
set off at once. His victory was complete; he captured some 300 men as well as
some guns, waggons, supplies and ammunition. On 21 September of that year, he
defeated a French force under GdD Pierre-Marie-Bartholomé Ferino of the
Armée du Rhin-et-Moselle, of three brigades, far stronger than his own
command, at Dortweil and took 650 prisoners. He was saved by the timely arrival
of FML Baron Fröhlich's Avantgarde. For this he was promoted Oberstleutnant in
the Stabsdragoner Regiment in December 1796 and awarded the Knight's Cross of
the Military Maria Theresian Order on 18 August 1801. On 4 and 5 January 1797,
baron Wolfskehl fought at the Austrian defeat at Rivoli; in the subsequent retreat,
north, out of South Tyrol, he was in the rearguard. On 20 March 1797, he defeated
the French under GdD Jourdan, at Salurn. In May 1797 he was promoted Oberst and
given command of Cuirassier Regiment "Sachsen-Teschen" N°3. On 3 December
1799 he assaulted the French lines besieging Philippsburg on the upper Rhine,
at Wiesloch. On 29 October 1800 he was promoted Generalmajor and commanded
a cavalry brigade in Gyulai's division of the Left Wing in the battle of Hohenlinden
on 3 December, fighting against GdD Antoine Richepanse's division at Maitenbeth.
He was also distinguished in the subsequent cambats on 12-14 December near Salzburg,
where his defence of Anthing village against GdD Decaen won high praise.
In
the 1805 campaign GM Wolfskehl served in FML Jellačić's division in
Voralberg. He – and the rest of the cavalry – escaped the capitulation
of the infantry of
the division at Dornbirn on 13 November 1805, to Marshal Augereau. After his
promotion to Feldmarschalleutnant on 12 Febrary 1809 Wolfskehl served
in northern Italy, where he commanded the Reserve Division (heavy cavalry and
grenadiers) of the Army of Italy. On 16 April he commanded the entire Austrian
cavalry in the battle of Sacile. He was killed on 8 May, at Ponte della Priula
on the Piave River, leading a desperate charge against heavy odds.
Printed Sources
Allmayer-Beck, p.77 (d.
at San Salvadore ?) | Hirtenfeld 1, p.609ff. | MilSchem | ÖFA
3, p.120 | Pizzighelli, DR3, pp.94, 113 | Victorin, DR7, pp.216,
405f. | Wurzbach 58, p.38ff.
Internet Sources
Ebert [http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/wolfskehl.html]
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W51 |
Wolkenstein
zu Rodenegg, Theodor Graf von |
Personal
Information
Born: around 1745
Died: KIA Hechtsheim
near Mainz, 29.10.1795
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 16.01.1790
(w.r.f. 07.01.1790)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
I.R. Chamberlain
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
Allmayer-Beck, p.74 | MilSchem | Schaab,
Karl Anton: Die Geschichte der Bundes-Festung Mainz, historisch und militärisch
nach den Quellen bearbeitet, Mainz 1834, p.437 | Wurzbach 58, p.69 (w/o
date of birth)
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W52 |
Wratislaw
von Mittrowitz, Emanuel Karl Borromäus
Franz Graf |
Personal
Information
Born: 26.02.1760
Died: Vienna, 13.11.1840
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 29.10.1798
(w.r.f. 28.10.1798)
Feldmarschalleutnant:
06.05.1814
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Captain of the Bohemian
Noble Life Guard: 08.1813 – 27.06.1814
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Decoration of the Elisabeth
Theresian Military Foundation: 1799
Bohemian Noble Cross
?
I.R. Chamberlain
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
–
Printed Sources
Auer, N°360 | MD
6, p.20 | MilSchem | Wrede (6), p.79 | Wurzbach 58, genealogical
table II (ad p.152) | WZ, 25.07.1814 | Zivkovic, Heerführer,
p.46
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W53 |
Wratislaw
von Mittrowitz, Prokop Franz Ignaz
Graf |
Personal
Information
Born: 27.06.1737
Died: 17.04.1813
Promotions
Major: –
Oberstleutnant: 1767
Oberst: 1773
Generalmajor: 13.03.1782
(w.r.f. 11.03.1782)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem | Wurzbach
58, genealogical table II (ad p.152) | Wrede, DR6, pp.263, 647 | WZ,
08.06.1813
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W54 |
Wrede,
Georg Johann Nepomuk Maria Freiherr von |
Personal
Information
Born: Heidelberg / Palatinate,
04.12.17651
Died: Ofen (Buda) / Hungary,
03.04.1843
Family Status
Married: 1808 Julie Zarka
de Lukafalva (1781-1847)
Promotions
Major: 1801
Oberstleutnant: 1805
Oberst: 18072
Generalmajor: 17.06.1809
Feldmarschalleutnant:
28.02.1821
Retired: 23.02.1828
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
France:
Order of the Légion
d'Honneur – OC: 1819
Printed Sources
MD 6, p.21 | MilSchem | Wurzbach
58, p.198 (w/o dates of life) | WZ, 09.03.1808, 25.11.1809
Internet Sources
Marek [http://www.genealogy.euweb.cz/other/wrede.html]
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Notes
1)
Marek: 08.12.1765 (?)
2)
WZ, 09.03.1808: 02./03.1808 (?)
| W55 |
Württemberg,
Alexander Friedrich Karl Herzog von |
Personal
Information
Born: Mömpelgard
(Montbéliard) / Württemberg, 24.04.1771
Died: Gotha / Saxony-Gotha,
04.07.1833
Family Status
Brother of W56
Uncle of W57
Married: 1789 Antonia
Ernestine Prinzessin von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld (1779-1824)
Promotions
Russia:
Brigadier: 29.07.1782
Naples-Sicily:
Major General: 1791
Into
Austrian service: 1793
Oberst: 1793
Generalmajor: 17.03.1796
(w.r.f. 15.05.1796)
Feldmarschalleutnant:
26.08.1798 (w.r.f. 19.08.1798)
General der Kavallerie:
25.06.1800 (w.r.f. 24.06.1800)
Into
Russian service: 1800
Lieutenant General: 1800
General of Cavalry: 26.[14.]08.1800
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Bavaria:
Military Order of Maximilian
Joseph – ?C
Prussia:
Order of the Black Eagle
Order of the Red Eagle
1st cl.
Russia:
Order of St. Andrew (w.d.):
09.07.[28.06.]1798
Order of St. Alexander
Nevskij: 09.07.[28.06.]1798
Order of St. George 3rd
cl. 04.01.1813 [23.12.1812] or 24.12.[12.02.]1813 / 2nd cl.: 31.08.[19.08.]1813
Order of St. Vladimir
1st cl.: 09.03.[25.02.]1813
Order of St. Anna-Orden
1st cl.: 09.07.[28.06.]1798
Order of St. John of
Jerusalem – GC: 18.06.[07.06.]1799
Military Service Decoration
(XXV): 1828
Württemberg:
Order of the Golden
Eagle / Order of the Crown of Württemberg: before 1796 (GC after 1818)
Order of Military Merit:
before 1796 (GC after 1818)
Printed Sources
Lorenz, Sönke – Mertens,
Dieter – Press, Volker (Ed.): Das Haus Würtemberg, Stuttgart-Berlin-Cologne,
6.4.1 | MilSchem | Wurzbach 58, p.237
Internet Sources
Malyškin, C.A. – Podmazo,
Aleksandr: Vjurtemberskij Aleksandr Fridrich [http://www.museum.ru/museum/1812/Persons/slovar/sl_v33.html].-
Download: 28.06.2004
Marek [http://genealogy.euweb.cz/wurttemb/wurtt4.html]
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Theroff [http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/wurttemberg.html]
Podmazo, Aleksandr: Vjurtemberskij
Aleksandr Fridrich [http://www.museum.ru/museum/1812/Persons/russ/ra_v33.html].-
Download: 28.06.2004
| W56 |
Württemberg,
Ferdinand Friedrich August Herzog von |
Personal
Information
Born: Treptow an der
Rega / Pomerania, 22.10.1763
Died: Wiesbaden / Nassau,
20.01.1834
Family Status
Brother of W55
Uncle of W57
Married (1): 1795 Albertine
Wilhelmine Prinzessin von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1771-1829), div. 1801
Married (2): 1817 Pauline
Prinzessin von Metternich-Winneburg (1771-1855)
Promotions
Major: –
Oberstleutnant: 01.1781
Oberst: 02.1784
Generalmajor: 14.04.1788
(w.r.f. 09.04.1788)
Feldmarschalleutnant:
20.08.1790
Feldzeugmeister: 17.03.1796
(w.r.f. 06.11.1795)
Feldmarschall: 24.02.1805
(w.r.f. 01.04.1805)
Holy
Roman Empire:
Reichs-Generalfeldmarschalleutnant:
08.04.17931
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Commanding General
in Inner Austria and the Tyrol: 03.1797 – 09.1800
Commanding General
in Upper and Lower Austria and (since 1797) in Salzburg: 05.09.1800 – 17.12.1806
Commanding General
in Upper and Lower Austria: 17.12.1810 – 14.09.1814
Military Governor in
Upper and Lower Austria: 14.09.1814 – 05.1815
Military und Civil
Governor in Galicia: 26.05.1815 –
22.05.18162
General Governor in
Upper and Lower Austria: 22.05.1816 – 16.10.1820
Fortress Governor of
Mainz: 10.1829 – 20.01.1834
Field Service (1792-1815)
Commander of the Allied
forces during the siege of Condé: 08.04. – 12.07.1793 (+)
Commander of the Austrian
forces at the battle of Altenkirchen: 04.06.1796 (–)
Commander of the (autonomous)
Reserve Corps: 11.1805
Commander of the 1st
Reserve Corps: 09.1813 – 01.1814
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian
Order – CC: 23.07.1793 / GC: 07.07.1794
Order of St. Stephen – GC
(w.d.): 1831
Order of Leopold – GC:
1809/10
Golden Civil Honour Cross
1813/14: 26.05.1815
Colonel-Proprietor
of the Infantry Regiment N°38: 1785-1809 (disbanded)
Colonel-Proprietor
of the Infantry Regiment N°40: 1809 – 20.01.1834
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Hessen-Darmstadt:
Order of Ludwig – GC:
1831
Prussia:
Order of the Black Eagle:
1831
Württemberg:
Order of the Golden Eagle:
before 1796 (GC after 1818)
Order of Military Merit:
before 1796 (GC after 1818)
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Ferdinand Friedrich
August Herzog von Württemberg was born on 22 October 1763 in Treptow on the Rega
River in Pomerania, as 5th son of the ruling Duke (and later king) Friedrich
Eugen of Württemberg. He was given a military education and in 1781,
Emperor Joseph II appointed him Oberstleutnant in Infantry Regiment "Riese" N°26.
Only one year after his promotion to Oberst (1784) he was appointed
Colonel-Proprietor of Infantry Regiment N°38, which was disbanded in
1809. On 14 April 1788, the prince was promoted to Generalmajor and
served at the siege of Belgrade. After two years Prince Württemberg
received his promotion to Feldmarschalleutnant (20
August 1790). On 18 March 1793, he was second in command to FZM Ferraris the
1st Rank of Sachsen-Coburg's force at the Austrian victory in the battle of Neerwinden.
In quick succession he was awarded the Commander's Cross (1793) and the Grand
Cross (1794) of the Military Maria Theresian Order. On 17 March 1796 the prince
received his promotion to Feldzeugmeister.
The same year Prince
Württemberg served in Erzherzog Carl's Army of the Lower Rhine; on 4
June, he was utterly defeated in the battle of Altenkirchen by Lefebvre's
advance guard. He was removed from his command by Erzherzog Carl and replaced
by FZM Graf von Wartensleben. From this point on, he became one of the archduke's
sharpest critics. On 24 February 1805, he was promoted to Feldmarschall. He died on 20 January
1834 in Wiesbaden.
Printed Sources
ADB 44, p.349ff. | Bodart,
p.275, 308 | Hirtenfeld 1, p.399ff. | Lorenz, Sönke – Mertens,
Dieter – Press, Volker (Ed.): Das Haus Würtemberg, Stuttgart-Berlin-Cologne,
6.0.10 | MilSchem | Neuhaus, p.345 | Wrede 1, p.402 | Wrede
2, p.237 | Wurzbach 58, p.248ff. (wrong: FM on 24.11.1805) | WZ,
30.09.1814, 28.05.1815, 09.06.1816 | Zivkovic, Generalität, pp.13,
37 | Zivkovic, Heerführer, pp.49, 54, 71, 129, 132
Internet Sources
Ebert [http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/wuerttemberg.html]
Jewison/Steiner
Marek [http://genealogy.euweb.cz/wurttemb/wurtt4.html]
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Theroff [http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/wurttemberg.html]
Notes
1)
Date of the Imperial decree of commission
2)
Did not assume the office
| W57 |
Württemberg,
Friedrich Wilhelm Erbprinz von
Württemberg,
Friedrich Wilhelm Kurprinz von
Württemberg,
Friedrich Wilhelm Kronprinz von
Württemberg,
Wilhelm I. König von |
Personal
Information
Born: Lüben /
Silesia, 27.09.1781
Died: Rosenstein Castle
near Stuttgart / Württemberg, 25.06.1864
Family Status
Nephew of W55 and W56
Married (1): 1808 Karolina
Augusta Prinzessin von Bayern (1792-1873), div. 1814
Married (2): 1816 Katharina
Großfürstin von Rußland (1788-1819)
Married (3): 1820 Pauline
Herzogin von Württemberg (1800-1873)
Promotions
Major: –
Oberstleutnant: –
Oberst: E 17941
Generalmajor: 26.04.1803
Quit: 03.1805
Württemberg:
General: 1809
Feldmarschall: 08.02.1814
Field Service (1792-1815)
Commander of the (autonomous)
Corps at the Lower Rhine: 04.-06.1796
Commander of the Allied
forces at the battle of Montereau: 18.02.1814 (–)
Commander of the Allied
forces at the battle of Fère-Champenoise: 25.03.1814 (+)
Commander of the Allied
forces at the battle of Straßburg (at the Suffel): 28.06.1815 (+)
Commander of the Allied
forces at the battle of Hausbergen: 09.07.1815 (+)
Elevation of Social Status
Württemberg:
Kurprinz von Württemberg:
25.02.1803
Kronprinz von Württemberg:
26.12.1805
König (Wilhelm I.)
von Württemberg: 30.10.1816
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian
Order – KC: 1813/14 / CC: 04.02.1814
(Order of Leopold – GC
?)
(Order of the Iron
Crown – GC
?)
Colonel-Proprietor
of the Infantry Regiment N°41: 1803-1805
Colonel-Proprietor
of the Hussar Regiment N°6: 1814 – 25.06.1864
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
Great
Britain:
Order of the Garter:
26.07.1830
(Order of the Bath – GC:
1815 ?)
Netherlands:
Military Order of William – GC:
27.08.1815
Prussia:
Order of the Iron Cross:
27.02.1814
Russia:
Order of St. Andrew:
before 1796
Order of St. Alexander
Nevskij: before 1796
Order of St. George 2nd
cl.: 31.[19.]05.1814
Order of St. John of
Jerusalem (?) – ?C: before 1796
Württemberg:
Order of the Goldenen
Eagle: before 1796 – Grand Master: 30.10.1816
Order of Military Merit:
before 1796 – Grand Master: 30.10.1816
Printed Sources
ADB 43, p.209ff. | Bodart,
pp.473, 479, 488, 489 | Grauer, Karl Johannes: Wilhelm I., König
von Württemberg. Ein Bild seines Lebens und seiner Zeit, Stuttgart 1960 | Hirtenfeld
2, p.1166ff. | Lorenz, Sönke –
Mertens, Dieter – Press, Volker (Ed.): Das Haus Würtemberg, Stuttgart-Berlin-Cologne,
6.0.19 | MilSchem | Sauer, Paul: Reformer auf dem Königsthron.
Wilhelm I. von Württemberg, Stuttgart 1997 | Strauß, David
Friedrich: König Wilhelm Würtemberg [sic]. In: Gesammelte Schriften.
Nach des Verfassers letztwilligen Bestimmungen zusammengestellt. Eingeleitet
und mit erklärenden Nachweisungen versehen von Eduard Zeller, vol 1,
Bonn 1876, p.217ff. | Townsend, p.175 | Wrede 1, p.408 | Wrede
3, p.201 | Wurzbach 58, p.246 | WZ, 12.02.1814 | Zivkovic,
Heerführer, p.128
Internet Sources
Jewison/Steiner
Marek [http://genealogy.euweb.cz/wurttemb/wurtt4.html]
Rayment
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
Theroff [http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/wurttemberg.html]
Uythoven
Vederman
Notes
1)
Colonel of the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire
| W58 |
Wu(e)lffen,
Karl Friedrich Freiherr von |
Personal
Information
Born: around 1727
Died: Vienna, 21.02.1809
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 10.04.1783
(w.r.f. 19.04.1783)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
– (?)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Printed Sources
MilSchem
Internet Sources
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
| W59 |
Wurmser,
Dagobert Sigmund Graf von |
Personal
Information
Born: Schlettstadt or Straßburg
/ Alsace, 22.09.(07.05.?)1724
Died: Vienna, 21.08.1797
Promotions
Major:
Oberstleutnant:
Oberst:
Generalmajor: 12.01.1763
Feldmarschalleutnant:
10.04.1778 (w.r.f. 10.01.1768)
General der Kavallerie:
08.09.1787 (w.r.f. 02.09.1787)
Feldmarschall: 11.12.1795
Posts and Offices (Army, Politics, Court)
Commanding General
in Galicia / (since 1796:) East Galicia: 09.1790 –
01.1797
Field Service (1792-1815)
Commander
of the Army of the Rhine: 02.1793 – 01.1794
Commander of the Austrian
forces at the battle of Weissenburg: 13.10.1793 (+)
Commander of the Austrian
contingent at the battle of Weissenburg (Geisberg): 26.12.1793 (–)
Commander
of the Army of the Upper Rhine: 08.1795 – 06.1796
Commander of the Austrian
forces at the battle of Mannheim: 18.10.1795 (+)
Commander of the Austrian
forces during the siege of Mannheim: 19.10. –
22.11.1795 (+)
Commander
of the Army of Italy: 06.1796 – 09.1796
Commander of the Austrian
forces at the battle of Rivoli (at the Monte Baldo): 29.07.1796 (+)
Commander of the Austrian
forces at the battle of Castiglione delle Stiviere: 05.08.1796 (–)
Commander of the Austrian
forces at the battle of Bassano: 08.09.1796 (–)
Commander of the Austrian
forces at the battle of Cerea: 11.09.1796 (+)
Commander of the Austrian
forces at the battle of San Giorgio: 15.09.1796 (–)
Commander of the Austrian
forces at the battle of Mantua (La Favorita): 16.01.1797 (–)
Commander of the Austrian
forces during the defence of Mantua: 27.08.1796 –
02.02.1797 (–)
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Austria)
Military Maria Theresian
Order – CC: 21.10.1778 / GC: 25.10.1793
Colonel-Proprietor
of the Hussar Regiment N°?: 1773 – 1775 (disbanded)
Colonel-Proprietor
of the Hussar Regiment N°30 / (since 1798:) N°8: 1775 –
21.(22.)08.1797
I.R. Privy Councillor
I.R. Chamberlain
Orders, Awards, Honorary Appointments (Foreign
Countries)
– (?)
Biographical Essay (by Digby Smith)
Dagobert Sigismund
Graf von Wurmser was born on 7 May 1724 from an old Alsatian family. Originally
he served in the French army prior to the Seven Years War. When his father
left Alsace, he transferred to Austrian service. During the Seven Years War
he became very distinguished as a dashing commander of hussars and light troops
on outpost duties. In 1775 he was made Colonel-Proprietor of Hussar Regiment
N°8, a
post he held until his death. He was again distinguished in the War of the
Bavarian Succession.
At the beginning of the
French Revolutionary Wars Wurmser hold the rank of General der Kavallerie and
in commanded the Austrian forces on the upper Rhine (1793). In this year,
he drove the French out of Alsace and on 13 October, he led the assault which
broke through the Weissenburg lines, which were held by the Armée du Rhin. This
army was then reinforced by the Armée de la Moselle in early November,
and from 17 November – 19 December, they assaulted Wurmser's men and
finally forced them back over the Rhine. The Prussian corps of the Herzog
von Braunschweig failed to support Wurmser's overstretched troops in time.
In 1795 he served under
Clerfayt on the middle Rhine; fought in the victorous clash of Mannheim on 18
October, and in the successful siege of that place, which fell on 22 November.
For this he was promoted Feldmarschall.
In 1796 he was on the
upper Rhine initially, but in June he was nominated to go to Italy to take command
of the defeated and demoralised army there from Melas. He took with him 25,000
men of the Army of the Upper Rhine. With other reinforcements from Austria, he
had 50,000 troops available for the tasks of relieving Mantua and regaining control
of northern Italy. Wurmser also took his CoS, Oberst Weyrother, who planned the
fist relief attempt for Mantua, which had the Austrian army advance down both
sides of Lake Garda. Wurmser commanded the main column of 32,000 who advanced
down the River Etsch, east of the lake. Quosdanovich led 18,000 men down the
western side of the lake. His main force was split into five separate columns
and could have been defeated in detail had the French main army found it. As
luck would have it, only Massena's division of 10,000 men was in its way at Rivoli.
On 29 July the Austrian main column attacked Massena who fell back to Pievetano
after losing 2,800 men and 9 guns. That same day, Quosdanovich attacked GdD Sauret
at Salo; Sauret fell back to Desenzano. GdB Guyeux was cut off with a battalion,
but held out and was rescued a little later. Quosdanovich sent Klenau to Brescia
where he captured four companies of infantry, a squadron of cavalry and several
generals. Napoleon reacted swiftly; on 30 July he decided to abandon the siege
of Mantua (accepting the loss of his siege train of 120 motley guns) and concentrated
his army to meet this threat.
Quosdanovich's weaker
column was his first target; firstly because of its size, secondly, it was a
great threat to Napoleon's rear areas. While Napoleon was defeating his minor
column, Wurmser entered Mantua on 1 August. He apparently believed that the French
army was beating a hasty retreat, due to the abandonment of the siege train and
the withdrawal of Serrurier's division. He thus rested on his laurels until the
evening of 2 August when he was shattered to hear of Quosdanovich's defeat and
that Napoleon was between them.
That same day, Wurmser
attacked the divisions of Massena and Augereau at Lonato and GdB Antoine-Joseph-Marie
de Valette was thrown out of Castiglione in utter confusion. He was cashiered
by Napoleon that same day. On 3 August, Wurmser and Quosdanovich tried to unite,
but Napoleon's force was in between them; heavy fighting took place at Castiglione
and Lonato and three Austrian battalions and three guns were surrounded in Castiglione
and forced to surrender.
Quosdanovich was beaten
back to Gavardo. Total Austrian loss this day was 3,000 men and 20 guns. On 4
August, Quosdanovich was pushed further away from Wurmser by Gen Guyeux and Prinz
Reuss' Reserve division was separated from him at Rocco d'Anfo on Lake Idro to
the northwest.
The French and Austrian
accounts of these actions from 2 – 5 August are most unclear. Be that
as it may, Wurmser's first attempt to relieve Mantua failed at Castiglione
on 5 August. Here he was defeated by Napoleon and narrowly escaped capture
in the battle. The divisions of Massena, Augereau, Kilmaine and Serrurier
(the latter commanded by GdB Fiorelli) and totalling over 30,000 men, fought
here this day. Wurmser's 15,500 were defeated with a loss of 2,000 killed
and wounded, 1,000 prisoners and 20 guns. GM Liptay was wounded.
Wurmser was pushed back
eastwards over the Mincio. He tried to fortify a camp at Pescheira but was thrown
out on 6 August by Massena with the loss of 500 men and 10 guns. Wurmser fell
back north up the Etsch to Ala where he established contact with Quosdanovich
again. He had left some outposts to the south, including one at Rocco d'Anfo;
these were taken on 11 and 12 August.
Wurmser then withdrew
to Trient with an Avantgarde at Roveredo. He had failed to retake the Milan
area but he had achieved his aim of relieving Mantua for a time and had cost
Napoleon his siege train. His losses were not too disastrous. By the end of
August, his army was back up to 45,000 men and the Aulic War Council ordered
him to make a second attempt to relieve Mantua. But there was a catch; they
replaced Weyrother as his CoS with the engineer General Lauer, who brought
their plan of campaign with him. Wurmser was again to advance with his forces
divided. Davidovich was to hold the Tyrol with 20,000 men; Wurmser with 26,000
men, was to advance down the River Brenta and seek combat. When the French
turned on Wurmser, Davidovich was to come down the Etsch in their rear with "an appropriate force" to
bring them to a battle, or at least keep them out of the Tyrol. This plan shows
that the Aulic War Council had learned nothing from the first attempt. There
was also the fact that Mantua could hold out for months yet and Wurmser had
fewer troops than before. The best thing which Wurmser could do was to stay
on the defensive in the mountains until events turned in his favour. But he
had to obey and go over to the offensive again.
By some mischance, Napoleon
came to know the Austrian plan and mounted a pre-emptive strike at Davidovich.
On 4 September, Massena and Vaubois attacked him and drove him out of Roveredo
with the loss of 3,000 men and 25 guns. On 5 September, Massena entered Trient
and Davidovich was pushed north from the River Lavis to Neumarkt up the Etsch.
Wurmser was informed
of these events as he was advancing down the Brenta valley on Bassano; he decided
to continue in the hope of causing Napoleon to chase him down onto the Italian
plains. Napoleon concurred, and sent Augereau's division from Trient down the
Brenta towards Bassano. On 7 September, Augereau crushed three battalions of
Grenzers (Wurmser's rearguard) at Primolano, causing 1,500 casualties and taking
five guns.
Napoleon's speed was
such that he caught up with Wurmser's main body at Bassano on 8 September and
won a convincing victory. The Austrians lost 2,600 casualties, 30 guns and much
of their baggage including two pontoon trains. Wurmser withdrew south down the
left bank of the River Brenta via Fontaniva to Vicenza, but Quosdanovich's division
was cut off and fell back east into the Friaul. Sebottendorf joined Wurmser in
Vicenza on 8 September; Wurmser now had 16,000 men together. He decided to run
for Mantua and next day picked up Meszaros' division at Montebello on the River
Alpone. As soon as Napoleon heard this, he rushed after him, hoping to catch
the Austrians in the open. He sent Augereau south to Padua to ensure that his
prey did not double back into the Friaul. Massena chased after Wurmser at great
speed, crossing the Etsch at Ronco on 10 September.
Wurmser crossed that
river at Legnano, to the south of Ronco, on the same day. He left a rearguard
brigade there and on 11 September, went on for Mantua. That day, GM Ott, commanding
his Avantgarde, collided with Murat and Pigeon (Massena's Avantgarde) at Ceria,
where, after a hard fight, the French were defeated with a loss of 1,200 men
and 6 guns. Wurmser marched on through the night; next day he clashed with some
of Sahuguet's men at Villa Impenta, brushed them aside and entered Mantua. His
rearguard at Legnano capitulated to Augereau on 12 September.
Wurmser now commanded
25,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry, and took post between the outworks of St.
Giorgio and La Favorita with 16,000 of them. On 15 September, Massena came up
and launched a surprise raid, which was beaten off. Wurmser then thought to advance
and attack Napoleon's three divisions (Augereau-commanded by GdB Bon, Massena
and Victor) but he was outnumbered 16,000 to 20,000 and forced back into the
fortress with a loss of 2,500 men and 11 guns. The fine Austrian cavalry was
now uselessly shut up in Mantua. Wurmser commanded Mantua fortress from then
on through the loose blockade to its surrender on 2 February 1797. His motivation
in making the dash to Mantua is unclear. In respect for the gallant defence,
Napoleon allowed Wurmser, 700 men and six guns to march out to freedom. Despite
his great age, he was 72, he was given another command in Hungary, but his health
broke down and he died in Vienna in the summer of 1797. His long reputation for
success was not eclipsed by the events of 1796.
Printed Sources
ADB 44, p.338ff. | Bodart,
pp.281, 285, 305, 306, 310, 311, 313, 314, 318, 319 | Hirtenfeld 1, p.392ff. | Hollins,
p.41f. | MD 6, p.23 | Megerle, p.324 | MilSchem | Reilly,
Feldherren, p.415ff. | Vivenot, Alfred von: Thugut, Clerfayt und Wurmser.
Original-Documente aus dem k.k. Haus-, Hof- und Staats-Archiv und dem k.k. Kriegs-Archiv
in Wien vom Juli 1794 bis Februar 1797, Vienna 1969, p.XCIVff. and passim | Wrede
3, p.271 | Wrede (6), pp.29, 30 | Wurzbach 59, p.1ff. | WZ,
23.08.1797 | Zivkovic, Generalität, pp.13, 35 | Zivkovic,
Heerführer, p.63
Internet Sources
Ebert [http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/html/wurmser.html]
Jewison/Steiner
Schmidt-Brentano, Generale
|
Placed on the Napoleon Series: December 2008
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to Biographical Dictionary of All Austrian Generals ]
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